轮作与连作对烟田土壤微生物区系及多样性的影响
|
摘要
为探讨轮作与连作对烟田根际土壤微生物群落的影响,采用实验室微生物培养联合微生物高通量测序技术,分析了玉米-烤烟轮作和烟叶连作对烟株根际土壤微生物数量、群落结构及其多样性的影响。研究结果表明,轮作烟田根际土壤中可培养细菌和放线菌数量均高于连作烟田根际土壤,但真菌数量低于连作烟田。土壤高通量测序结果表明,轮作烟田根际土壤真菌和细菌群落多样性均高于连作烟田;在烟株的生长过程中,轮作和连作烟田在旺长期和成熟期微生物群落相似度降低。相较于黑胫病/根腐病/根结线虫发病率较高(36. 67%)的连作烟田来说,轮作烟田发病率较低(0%),进一步分析真菌和细菌群落结构发现,轮作烟田根际土壤中拮抗菌如Sphingomonas (鞘脂单胞菌属)、Pseudomonas (假单胞菌属)、Aspergillus (曲霉属)等相对丰度均高于连作烟田,而连作烟田根腐病病菌Pythium (腐霉属)丰度较高。
In order to investigate the effects of rotation and continuous cropping on the soil microflora of tobacco fields,the microbial population,community structure and diversity of maize-tobacco rotation and tobacco continuous cropping were analyzed by laboratory microbial culture combined with microbial high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the number of culturable bacteria and actinomycetes in the rhizosphere soil of maize-tobacco rotation was higher than that of continuous cropping tobacco field,but the number of cultivable fungi was lower. The results of soil high-throughput sequencing showed that the diversity of soil fungi and bacterial communities in rhizosphere soil of maize-tobacco rotation was higher than that of continuous cropping tobacco field. In the process of tobacco plant growth,the similarity of microbial community decreased during the vigorous growth and mature stages. The incidence of black shank,root rot and root-knot nematode of maize-tobacco rotation was lower( 0%) than that of continuous cropping tobacco field with high incidence of root-knot nematode( 36. 67%). The results also showed that the relative abundance of antagonistic bacteria such as Sphingomonas,Pseudomonas and Aspergillus of maize-tobacco rotation soil were higher than those of continuous cropping but the root rot pathogen Pythium appeared in the rhizosphere soil of continuous cropping tobacco field.
In order to investigate the effects of rotation and continuous cropping on the soil microflora of tobacco fields,the microbial population,community structure and diversity of maize-tobacco rotation and tobacco continuous cropping were analyzed by laboratory microbial culture combined with microbial high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the number of culturable bacteria and actinomycetes in the rhizosphere soil of maize-tobacco rotation was higher than that of continuous cropping tobacco field,but the number of cultivable fungi was lower. The results of soil high-throughput sequencing showed that the diversity of soil fungi and bacterial communities in rhizosphere soil of maize-tobacco rotation was higher than that of continuous cropping tobacco field. In the process of tobacco plant growth,the similarity of microbial community decreased during the vigorous growth and mature stages. The incidence of black shank,root rot and root-knot nematode of maize-tobacco rotation was lower( 0%) than that of continuous cropping tobacco field with high incidence of root-knot nematode( 36. 67%). The results also showed that the relative abundance of antagonistic bacteria such as Sphingomonas,Pseudomonas and Aspergillus of maize-tobacco rotation soil were higher than those of continuous cropping but the root rot pathogen Pythium appeared in the rhizosphere soil of continuous cropping tobacco field.
引文
[1]焦永吉,程功,马永健,等.烟草连作对土壤微生物多样性及酶活性的影响[J].土壤与作物,2014,(2):56-62.
[2]岳冰冰,李鑫,张会慧,等.连作对黑龙江烤烟土壤微生物功能多样性的影响[J].土壤,2013,(1):116-119.
[3]张明艳,张继光,申国明,等.烟田土壤微生物群落结构及功能微生物的研究现状与展望[J].中国农业科技导报,2014,(5):115-122.
[4]曹明慧,冉炜,杨兴明,等.烟草黑胫病拮抗茵的筛选及其生物效应[J].土壤学报,2011,48(1):151-159.
[5]刘艳霞,李想,曹毅,等.抑制烟草青枯病型生物有机肥的田间防效研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,(5):1203-1211.
[6]高维常,马健,邱雪柏,等.不同种植模式对烤烟根际土壤养分、酶活性及烟草生长的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,(12):146-150.
[7]吴凯,陈国军,闫慧峰,等.籽粒苋与烟草间作后还田对烟草钾吸收和土壤钾有效性的影响[J].草业学报,2017,(6):45-55.
[8]官会林,郭云周,张云峰,等.不同复种模式对云南植烟红壤根区有机碳和微生物量碳的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,(1):133-138.
[9]苏宝玲,韩士杰,王建国.根际微域研究中土样采集方法的研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2000,(3):477-480.
[10]鲍士旦.土壤农业化学分析(第3版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[11]黄秀梨.微生物学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000. 62-64.
[12]李佳,吕鹏辉,张文静,等.易感病烟田中土壤微生物与酶活性变化的研究[J].江西农业学报,2016,28(5):36-39.
[13]张友杰,刘国顺,叶协锋,等.烤烟不同生育期土壤酶及微生物活性的变化[J].土壤,2010,42(1):39-44.
[14]殷全玉,王岩,赵铭钦,等.我国植烟土壤微生物研究进展[J].中国烟草科学,2009,30(1):73-77.
[15]杨东,陈鸿飞,游晴如,等.不同施N方式对水稻根际土壤微生物生态效应的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2008,(12):88-94.
[16]李鑫,张秀丽,孙冰玉,等.烤烟连作对耕层土壤酶活性及微生物区系的影响[J].土壤,2012,(3):456-460.
[17]张仕祥,过伟民,李辉信,等.烟草连作障碍研究进展[J].土壤,2015,(5):823-829.
[18]何川,刘国顺,蒋士君.连作对植烟土壤微生物群落多样性的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2012,34(4):658-663.
[19]贾志红,易建华,苏以荣,等.烟区轮作与连作土壤细菌群落多样性比较[J].生态环境学报,2010,(7):1578-1585.
[20]杨婷婷.利用番茄相关细菌防治番茄青枯病的筛选策略研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2009.
[21]常安然,李佳,张耸,等.基于宏基因组学16S r DNA测序对烟草根际土壤细菌群落组成分析[J].中国农业科技导报,2017,19(2):43-50.
[22]董国菊,马冠华,肖崇刚.荧光假单胞菌拮抗菌株对烟草疫霉的抑菌机制及控病效果[J].植物保护学报,2012,(2):115-120.
[23]陈永珍,杨义,卢燕回,等.广西烟草内生细菌的动态分布及其对烟草疫霉的拮抗作用[J].中国烟草学报,2012,(4):51-55.
[24]邓慧颖.两种高等真菌及一种内生真菌化学成分[D].保定:河北大学,2011.
[25]周宝利,孙传齐,韩琳,等.邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对茄子根际土壤黄萎菌数量及土壤微生物组成的影响[J].华北农学报,2010,25(6):150-153.
[26]周晓见,陈毓遒,缪莉,等.一株拮抗烟草青枯病菌的真菌的筛选与鉴定[J].生态环境学报,2011,(10):1418-1423.
[27]银玲,田迅,李依韦,等.甘薯根腐病病原菌鉴定[J].中国植保导刊,2017,(2):10-14.
[28] Harris A R,Ferris H. Interactions between Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tracheiphilum and Meloidogyne spp. in Vigna unguiculata. 3. Pathogenesis by F. o. tracheiphilum as affected by M. javanica and host cultivar[J]. Plant Pathology,1991,40(3):465-475.
[2]岳冰冰,李鑫,张会慧,等.连作对黑龙江烤烟土壤微生物功能多样性的影响[J].土壤,2013,(1):116-119.
[3]张明艳,张继光,申国明,等.烟田土壤微生物群落结构及功能微生物的研究现状与展望[J].中国农业科技导报,2014,(5):115-122.
[4]曹明慧,冉炜,杨兴明,等.烟草黑胫病拮抗茵的筛选及其生物效应[J].土壤学报,2011,48(1):151-159.
[5]刘艳霞,李想,曹毅,等.抑制烟草青枯病型生物有机肥的田间防效研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,(5):1203-1211.
[6]高维常,马健,邱雪柏,等.不同种植模式对烤烟根际土壤养分、酶活性及烟草生长的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,(12):146-150.
[7]吴凯,陈国军,闫慧峰,等.籽粒苋与烟草间作后还田对烟草钾吸收和土壤钾有效性的影响[J].草业学报,2017,(6):45-55.
[8]官会林,郭云周,张云峰,等.不同复种模式对云南植烟红壤根区有机碳和微生物量碳的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,(1):133-138.
[9]苏宝玲,韩士杰,王建国.根际微域研究中土样采集方法的研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2000,(3):477-480.
[10]鲍士旦.土壤农业化学分析(第3版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[11]黄秀梨.微生物学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000. 62-64.
[12]李佳,吕鹏辉,张文静,等.易感病烟田中土壤微生物与酶活性变化的研究[J].江西农业学报,2016,28(5):36-39.
[13]张友杰,刘国顺,叶协锋,等.烤烟不同生育期土壤酶及微生物活性的变化[J].土壤,2010,42(1):39-44.
[14]殷全玉,王岩,赵铭钦,等.我国植烟土壤微生物研究进展[J].中国烟草科学,2009,30(1):73-77.
[15]杨东,陈鸿飞,游晴如,等.不同施N方式对水稻根际土壤微生物生态效应的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2008,(12):88-94.
[16]李鑫,张秀丽,孙冰玉,等.烤烟连作对耕层土壤酶活性及微生物区系的影响[J].土壤,2012,(3):456-460.
[17]张仕祥,过伟民,李辉信,等.烟草连作障碍研究进展[J].土壤,2015,(5):823-829.
[18]何川,刘国顺,蒋士君.连作对植烟土壤微生物群落多样性的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2012,34(4):658-663.
[19]贾志红,易建华,苏以荣,等.烟区轮作与连作土壤细菌群落多样性比较[J].生态环境学报,2010,(7):1578-1585.
[20]杨婷婷.利用番茄相关细菌防治番茄青枯病的筛选策略研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2009.
[21]常安然,李佳,张耸,等.基于宏基因组学16S r DNA测序对烟草根际土壤细菌群落组成分析[J].中国农业科技导报,2017,19(2):43-50.
[22]董国菊,马冠华,肖崇刚.荧光假单胞菌拮抗菌株对烟草疫霉的抑菌机制及控病效果[J].植物保护学报,2012,(2):115-120.
[23]陈永珍,杨义,卢燕回,等.广西烟草内生细菌的动态分布及其对烟草疫霉的拮抗作用[J].中国烟草学报,2012,(4):51-55.
[24]邓慧颖.两种高等真菌及一种内生真菌化学成分[D].保定:河北大学,2011.
[25]周宝利,孙传齐,韩琳,等.邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对茄子根际土壤黄萎菌数量及土壤微生物组成的影响[J].华北农学报,2010,25(6):150-153.
[26]周晓见,陈毓遒,缪莉,等.一株拮抗烟草青枯病菌的真菌的筛选与鉴定[J].生态环境学报,2011,(10):1418-1423.
[27]银玲,田迅,李依韦,等.甘薯根腐病病原菌鉴定[J].中国植保导刊,2017,(2):10-14.
[28] Harris A R,Ferris H. Interactions between Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tracheiphilum and Meloidogyne spp. in Vigna unguiculata. 3. Pathogenesis by F. o. tracheiphilum as affected by M. javanica and host cultivar[J]. Plant Pathology,1991,40(3):465-475.