不同来源橡胶粉对橡胶沥青性能影响
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摘要
为了探究橡胶粉来源及组成对橡胶沥青性能的影响,选用重载卡车轮胎、小轿车轮胎、橡胶鞋底、轮胎胎面和轮胎圈口,采用常温粉碎方法制备5种橡胶粉。通过热重分析方法对5种橡胶粉的成分进行分析,得出各橡胶粉中主要成分及含量。采用甲苯可溶物含量试验,分析橡胶粉在沥青中的降解程度。在此基础上,分别采用弹性恢复试验、动态剪切流变仪(DSR)、低温弯曲梁流变仪(BBR)和测力延度仪对5种橡胶沥青的弹性恢复率、高低温流变性和低温抗裂性能进行评价。研究结果表明:不同来源的胶粉具有不同的成分,轮胎和鞋底橡胶主要包含炭黑和硫化橡胶,硫化橡胶中天然橡胶和合成橡胶的比例存在明显差异;在高温剪切条件下,5种橡胶的甲苯可溶物含量(质量分数,下同)均大于39%,表明橡胶粉在沥青中均存在不同程度的降解行为;由天然橡胶制成的鞋底橡胶粉改性沥青的甲苯可溶物含量为50.97%,明显高于其他几种橡胶沥青;重载卡车轮胎胶粉的甲苯可溶物含量高于小轿车轮胎胶粉,轮胎圈口胶粉的甲苯可溶物含量最低,其在沥青中的解聚过程最微弱;轮胎中的胎圈胶属于硬质胶,其制备的橡胶沥青的弹性恢复性能明显低于其他软质橡胶,重载卡车轮胎胶粉改性沥青的高低温流变性能改善效果最为明显。橡胶粉在沥青中的解聚和溶胀程度共同影响橡胶沥青的性能。
To evaluate the effect of the source and compositions of rubber powder on the performance of rubber asphalt,five rubber powers which crushing at room temperature were obtained from a heavy truck,sedan tire,sole rubber,tire tread,and tire bead.The components content of rubber hydrocarbons were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis.The degradation degree of rubber powder in asphalt was analyzed by the toluene soluble content test.Further,an elastic recovery test,dynamic shear rheometer(DSR),low temperature bending-beam rheometer(BBR),and force-ductility test were employed to evaluate the elastic recovery rates,high-low temperature stabilities,and low-temperature crack resistances of the five types of rubber asphalt.The results show that the rubber powders of different sources consist of different components.The rubber of tire and sole rubber is mainly composed of carbon black and vulcanized rubber.Theproportion of natural and synthetic rubbers is significant differences of vulcanized rubber.Under high-temperature shear conditions,the toluene soluble content(mass fraction,the same below)of the five rubber-asphalts is more than 39%.This indicates that the five rubber powders demonstrate obvious degradation behavior.The toluene soluble content of the sole rubber powder modified asphalt can reach 50.97%,which is significantly higher than those of other rubber asphalts.The toluene soluble content of the heavy truck asphalt is larger than that of the sedan tire.The lowest toluene soluble content is noted for the tire bead,which is the weakest in the process of asphalt depolymerization.The tire bead rubber powders demonstrate larger stiffness,resulting in the rubber recovery being significantly lower than the other soft rubbers.The high and low temperature rheological properties of the heavy-duty truck tire rubber powder modified asphalt is significantly.The degree of depolymerization and swelling of the rubber powder in the asphalt affects the performance of the rubber asphalt.
To evaluate the effect of the source and compositions of rubber powder on the performance of rubber asphalt,five rubber powers which crushing at room temperature were obtained from a heavy truck,sedan tire,sole rubber,tire tread,and tire bead.The components content of rubber hydrocarbons were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis.The degradation degree of rubber powder in asphalt was analyzed by the toluene soluble content test.Further,an elastic recovery test,dynamic shear rheometer(DSR),low temperature bending-beam rheometer(BBR),and force-ductility test were employed to evaluate the elastic recovery rates,high-low temperature stabilities,and low-temperature crack resistances of the five types of rubber asphalt.The results show that the rubber powders of different sources consist of different components.The rubber of tire and sole rubber is mainly composed of carbon black and vulcanized rubber.Theproportion of natural and synthetic rubbers is significant differences of vulcanized rubber.Under high-temperature shear conditions,the toluene soluble content(mass fraction,the same below)of the five rubber-asphalts is more than 39%.This indicates that the five rubber powders demonstrate obvious degradation behavior.The toluene soluble content of the sole rubber powder modified asphalt can reach 50.97%,which is significantly higher than those of other rubber asphalts.The toluene soluble content of the heavy truck asphalt is larger than that of the sedan tire.The lowest toluene soluble content is noted for the tire bead,which is the weakest in the process of asphalt depolymerization.The tire bead rubber powders demonstrate larger stiffness,resulting in the rubber recovery being significantly lower than the other soft rubbers.The high and low temperature rheological properties of the heavy-duty truck tire rubber powder modified asphalt is significantly.The degree of depolymerization and swelling of the rubber powder in the asphalt affects the performance of the rubber asphalt.
引文
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[10] LIU S,CAO W,FANG J,et al.Variance analysis and performance evaluation of different crumb rubber modified(CRM)asphalt[J].Construction and Building Materials,2009,23(7):2701-2708.
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[12] TUR RASOOL R,SONG P,WANG S.Thermal analysis on the interactions among asphalt modified with SBS and different degraded tire rubber[J].Construction and Building Materials,2018,182:134-143.
[13] GHAVIBAZOO A,ABDELRAHMAN M.Composition analysis of crumb rubber during interaction with asphalt and effect on properties of binder[J].International Journal of Pavement Engineering,2013,14(5):517-530.
[14] MA T,WANG H,HE L,et al.Property characterization of asphalt binders and mixtures modified by different crumb rubbers[J].Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering,2017,29(7):04017036.
[15] JTG E20—2011,公路工程沥青及沥青混合料试验规程[S].JTG E20—2011,Standard test methods of bitumen and bituminous mixtures for highway engineering[S].
[16]李芳,陈建.炭黑改性沥青路用性能的研究[J].西安公路交通大学学报,1996,16(3):42-46.LI Fang,CHEN Jian.Research on the pavement performance of carbon-black modified asphalt[J].Journal of Xi'an Highway University,1996,16(3):42-46.
[17]李悦.再生轿车胎粉改性沥青的微观特性和性能研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2017.LI Yue.Study on micro-characteristics and performance of car tires rubber powder modified asphalt[D].Urumqi:Xinjiang University,2017.
[18]郭永刚,肖慧,曹德生.橡胶鞋底耐磨性能测试方法的研究[J].中国皮革,2016,45(12):13-15.GUO Yong-gang,XIAO Hui,CAO De-sheng.Study on abrasion resistance testing methods of rubber soles[J].China Leather,2016,45(12):13-15.
[19]姚利丽,刘湘慧,倪自飞,等.氯化天然橡胶对子午线轮胎胎圈胶性能的影响[J].轮胎工业,2017,37(5):289-292.YAO Li-li,LIU Xiang-hui,NI Zi-fei,et al.Effect of CNR on property of bead compound of radial tire[J].Tire Industry,2017,37(5):289-292.
[20]王浩,宋丽媛,马韵升,等.反式-1,4-丁二烯-异戊二烯共聚橡胶改性的高性能轿车轮胎胎面胶的结构与性能[J].高分子学报,2018(3):419-428.WANG Hao,SONG Li-yuan,MA Yun-sheng,et al.Structures and properties of high performance passenger car radical tire tread stock modified with trans-1,4-poly(butadiene-co-isoprene)copolymer[J].Acta Polymerica Sinica,2018(3):419-428.
[21]崔亚楠,邢永明,王岚,等.废胶粉改性沥青改性机理[J].建筑材料学报,2011,14(5):634-638.CUI Ya-nan,XING Yong-ming,WANG Lan,et al.Improvement mechanism of crumb rubber-modified asphalt[J].Journal of Building Materials,2011,14(5):634-638.
[22]汪水银,郭朝阳,彭锋.废胎胶粉沥青的改性机理[J].长安大学学报:自然科学版,2010,30(4):34-38.WANG Shui-yin,GUO Chao-yang,PENG Feng.Reseach on modified mechanism of asphalt with crumb tire rubber[J].Journal of Chang'an University:Natural Science Edition,2010,30(4):34-38.
[23] LI P,DING Z,ZOU P,et al.Analysis of physicochemical properties for crumb rubber in process of asphalt modification[J].Construction and Building Materials,2017,138:418-426.
[24]张宏雷,王仕峰,张勇,等.橡胶与沥青的相互作用:溶胀及交联网络演化[J].石油沥青,2011,25(5):17-23.ZHANG Hong-lei,WANG Shi-feng,ZHANG Yong,et al.Interaction between rubber and asphalt:Swelling and cross-linking network evolution[J].Petroleum Asphalt,2011,25(5):17-23.
[25]谭忆秋,符永康,纪伦,等.橡胶沥青低温评价指标[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2016,48(3):66-70.TAN Yi-qiu,FU Yong-kang,JI Lun,et al.Low-temperature evaluation index of rubber asphalt[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2016,48(3):66-70.
[26] MORRISON G R,HESP S A M.A new look at rubber-modified asphalt binders[J].Journal of Materials Science,1995,30(10):2584-2590.
[2] LIU H,CHEN Z,WANG W,et al.Investigation of the rheological modification mechanism of crumb rubber modified asphalt(CRMA)containing TOR additive[J].Construction and Building Materials,2014,67:225-233.
[3] CELAURO B,CELAURO C,PRESTI D L,et al.Definition of a laboratory optimization protocol for road bitumen improved with recycled tire rubber[J].Construction and Building Materials,2012,37:562-572.
[4] ABDEL RAHMAN M A.Engineering characterization of the interaction of asphalt with crumb rubber modifier(CRM)[M].Champaign:University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,1996.
[5]孙增智,王晓磊,况栋梁,等.不同橡胶粉对改性沥青路用性能的影响[J].筑路机械与施工自动化,2018,35(5):136-140.SUN Zeng-zhi,WANG Xiao-lei,KUANG Dong-liang,et al.Influence of different rubber power on pavement performance of modified asphalt[J].Road Machinery&Construction Mechanization,2018,35(5):136-140.
[6]张宏雷.废旧轿车轮胎在沥青中的应用研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2011.ZHANG Hong-lei.Study on asphalt modified with scrap passenger car tire rubber[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2011.
[7]何兆益,陈龙,冉龙飞,等.耦合老化条件下沥青性能与分子结构特征分析[J].长安大学学报:自然科学版,2017,37(5):8-14.HE Zhao-yi,CHEN Long,RAN Long-fei,et al.Feature analysis on performance and molecular structure of asphalt under coupling aging conditions[J].Journal of Chang'an University:Natural Science Edition,2017,37(5):8-14.
[8]王笑风,曹荣吉.橡胶沥青的改性机理[J].长安大学学报:自然科学版,2011,31(2):6-11.WANG Xiao-feng,CAO Rong-ji.Rubber asphalt modification mechanism[J].Journal of Chang'an University:Natural Science Edition,2011,31(2):6-11.
[9]张继飞,张广泰,李悦,等.挤出法轿车轮胎橡胶沥青混合料路用性能研究[J].河南科技大学学报:自然科学版,2018,39(3):61-65.ZHANG Ji-fei,ZHANG Guang-tai,LI Yue,et al.Study of pavement performance of car tyre rubber asphalt mixtures in extrusion method[J].Henan University of Science and Technology:Natural Science,2018,39(3):61-65.
[10] LIU S,CAO W,FANG J,et al.Variance analysis and performance evaluation of different crumb rubber modified(CRM)asphalt[J].Construction and Building Materials,2009,23(7):2701-2708.
[11]姜锋.废旧鞋底胶料改性沥青的研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2016.JIANG Feng.The research of compound from soles of waste footwear modified asphalt[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2016.
[12] TUR RASOOL R,SONG P,WANG S.Thermal analysis on the interactions among asphalt modified with SBS and different degraded tire rubber[J].Construction and Building Materials,2018,182:134-143.
[13] GHAVIBAZOO A,ABDELRAHMAN M.Composition analysis of crumb rubber during interaction with asphalt and effect on properties of binder[J].International Journal of Pavement Engineering,2013,14(5):517-530.
[14] MA T,WANG H,HE L,et al.Property characterization of asphalt binders and mixtures modified by different crumb rubbers[J].Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering,2017,29(7):04017036.
[15] JTG E20—2011,公路工程沥青及沥青混合料试验规程[S].JTG E20—2011,Standard test methods of bitumen and bituminous mixtures for highway engineering[S].
[16]李芳,陈建.炭黑改性沥青路用性能的研究[J].西安公路交通大学学报,1996,16(3):42-46.LI Fang,CHEN Jian.Research on the pavement performance of carbon-black modified asphalt[J].Journal of Xi'an Highway University,1996,16(3):42-46.
[17]李悦.再生轿车胎粉改性沥青的微观特性和性能研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2017.LI Yue.Study on micro-characteristics and performance of car tires rubber powder modified asphalt[D].Urumqi:Xinjiang University,2017.
[18]郭永刚,肖慧,曹德生.橡胶鞋底耐磨性能测试方法的研究[J].中国皮革,2016,45(12):13-15.GUO Yong-gang,XIAO Hui,CAO De-sheng.Study on abrasion resistance testing methods of rubber soles[J].China Leather,2016,45(12):13-15.
[19]姚利丽,刘湘慧,倪自飞,等.氯化天然橡胶对子午线轮胎胎圈胶性能的影响[J].轮胎工业,2017,37(5):289-292.YAO Li-li,LIU Xiang-hui,NI Zi-fei,et al.Effect of CNR on property of bead compound of radial tire[J].Tire Industry,2017,37(5):289-292.
[20]王浩,宋丽媛,马韵升,等.反式-1,4-丁二烯-异戊二烯共聚橡胶改性的高性能轿车轮胎胎面胶的结构与性能[J].高分子学报,2018(3):419-428.WANG Hao,SONG Li-yuan,MA Yun-sheng,et al.Structures and properties of high performance passenger car radical tire tread stock modified with trans-1,4-poly(butadiene-co-isoprene)copolymer[J].Acta Polymerica Sinica,2018(3):419-428.
[21]崔亚楠,邢永明,王岚,等.废胶粉改性沥青改性机理[J].建筑材料学报,2011,14(5):634-638.CUI Ya-nan,XING Yong-ming,WANG Lan,et al.Improvement mechanism of crumb rubber-modified asphalt[J].Journal of Building Materials,2011,14(5):634-638.
[22]汪水银,郭朝阳,彭锋.废胎胶粉沥青的改性机理[J].长安大学学报:自然科学版,2010,30(4):34-38.WANG Shui-yin,GUO Chao-yang,PENG Feng.Reseach on modified mechanism of asphalt with crumb tire rubber[J].Journal of Chang'an University:Natural Science Edition,2010,30(4):34-38.
[23] LI P,DING Z,ZOU P,et al.Analysis of physicochemical properties for crumb rubber in process of asphalt modification[J].Construction and Building Materials,2017,138:418-426.
[24]张宏雷,王仕峰,张勇,等.橡胶与沥青的相互作用:溶胀及交联网络演化[J].石油沥青,2011,25(5):17-23.ZHANG Hong-lei,WANG Shi-feng,ZHANG Yong,et al.Interaction between rubber and asphalt:Swelling and cross-linking network evolution[J].Petroleum Asphalt,2011,25(5):17-23.
[25]谭忆秋,符永康,纪伦,等.橡胶沥青低温评价指标[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2016,48(3):66-70.TAN Yi-qiu,FU Yong-kang,JI Lun,et al.Low-temperature evaluation index of rubber asphalt[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2016,48(3):66-70.
[26] MORRISON G R,HESP S A M.A new look at rubber-modified asphalt binders[J].Journal of Materials Science,1995,30(10):2584-2590.