云南泸西苹果病虫害调查与病原及害虫鉴定
|
摘要
云南红河州泸西县为云南重要的苹果新产区,调查鉴定泸西县苹果病虫害的发生情况,对泸西县的苹果病虫害防控,苹果产业发展具有重要意义。本研究系统调查和鉴定了云南红河州泸西县向阳乡习峨村、三塘乡、向阳乡沙马村等3个苹果产区的病虫害。通过室内病原显微观察,对真菌病原进行形态鉴定,应用RT-PCR检测技术与测序鉴定病毒,害虫形态鉴定。最终结果表明:云南泸西苹果病虫害共8种,其中真菌病害3种,有斑点落叶病、枝干轮纹病、褐斑病;病毒病害2种,有苹果茎沟病毒病、苹果花叶病毒病;虫害3种,蚜虫、蓟马和金纹细蛾3种虫害。其中斑点落叶病和褐斑病为主要病害,病毒病害其次,虫害发生率较小。其次通过调查与鉴定,否定了危险性病害苹果炭疽叶枯病在云南泸西的存在。
Apple industry has been vigorously developed in Luxi county, Honghe prefecture of Yunnan province,which became the important new apple production area in Yunnan, so the occurrence of disease and pest were necessary to be investigated and identified for the development of apple industry in Luxi county. The systemic diseases and pests survey were carried out at XiE Villege of Xiangyang, Santang township and Shama Villege of Xiangyang in Luxi County. The fungi diseases and insects were identified by observed pathogen or insect characters,and viruses were identified using RT-PCR. The results showed that total 8 kinds of apple diseases and insect pests were investigated and identified. Among those diseases, three kinds of fungus diseases, apple spotted deciduous disease, apple branch disease and apple brown spot disease, respectively, were investigated and identified,. Two kinds of viral diseases, Apple stem grooving virus(ASGV) and Apple Mosaic Virus(ApMV), respectively, were investigated and identified. Three kinds of insects, Aphidoidea, Thripidae and Lithocolletis ringoniella Mats,respectively, were investigated and identified, that were. Among these diseases and pests, spotted leaf and brown spot disease were the main diseases. The virus disease occurrence lay behind ones, and few insects occurred. The study showed that apple anthrax leaf blight was not found in Luxi, Yunnan.
Apple industry has been vigorously developed in Luxi county, Honghe prefecture of Yunnan province,which became the important new apple production area in Yunnan, so the occurrence of disease and pest were necessary to be investigated and identified for the development of apple industry in Luxi county. The systemic diseases and pests survey were carried out at XiE Villege of Xiangyang, Santang township and Shama Villege of Xiangyang in Luxi County. The fungi diseases and insects were identified by observed pathogen or insect characters,and viruses were identified using RT-PCR. The results showed that total 8 kinds of apple diseases and insect pests were investigated and identified. Among those diseases, three kinds of fungus diseases, apple spotted deciduous disease, apple branch disease and apple brown spot disease, respectively, were investigated and identified,. Two kinds of viral diseases, Apple stem grooving virus(ASGV) and Apple Mosaic Virus(ApMV), respectively, were investigated and identified. Three kinds of insects, Aphidoidea, Thripidae and Lithocolletis ringoniella Mats,respectively, were investigated and identified, that were. Among these diseases and pests, spotted leaf and brown spot disease were the main diseases. The virus disease occurrence lay behind ones, and few insects occurred. The study showed that apple anthrax leaf blight was not found in Luxi, Yunnan.
引文
[1]尚国伟.泸西苹果发展前景及栽培对策浅析[J].中国果菜,2013(1):52-53.
[2]唐慧峰,李占才,李惠军.苹果优质高效生产技术[M].银川:阳光出版社.2010.
[3]姬盼.两种苹果病毒病的分子鉴定及云南几个苹果新品种抗早期落叶病鉴定[D].云南:云南农业大学, 2013:4-6.
[4]李云国,蔡兆翔,马静,等.昭通高原苹果产业发展现状及可持续发展对策研究[J].云南农业大学学报, 2015, 9(5):69-73.
[5]童富琴,杨艳群.对昭通苹果产业发展的思考[J].现代园艺.2016,(17):46+62.
[6]刘福昌,王焕玉.国外发生的两种苹果类菌原体病害[J].中国果树, 1995(1):53-54.
[7]中国农业科学院果树研究所主编.中国果树病虫志[M].北京:中国农业出版社.1960.
[8]谭晓华,马学林,孔宝华,等.危害云南丽江苹果的病虫害种类及其发生规律[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学版)2016,31(1):54-61.
[9] Huai Xiao, Zhou Ying, Zhang Rui,et al. Cloning prokaryotic expression of the coat protein gene of Apple stem grooving virus and antiserum preparation[J]. Acta Phytophylacica Sinica, 2010, 37(5):436-440.
[10]蔡瑜,向本春,席德慧,等.苹果褪绿叶斑病毒库尔勒分离物外壳蛋白基因的克隆、原核表达及特异抗血清的制备[J].农业生物技术学报, 2005,13(4):533-537.
[11]姬盼,王连春,孔宝华,等.云南昭通苹果产区苹果花叶病毒的鉴定[J].云南农业大学学报,2013,28(2):180-185.
[12]岳宪化,韩秀娜,胡夫防,等.鲁南滨湖区苹果早期落叶病的发生和防治[J].果农之友,2007(5):29.
[13]赵磊,赵政阳,党志国,等.秦冠、富士苹果杂交后代抗早期落叶病的遗传分析[J].西北农业学报,2008,(2):196-201.
[14]孔宝华,姬盼,马学林,等.云南苹果病害的调查与鉴定.云南农业大学学报,2014,29(1):135-139.
[15]柏斌.云南查明苹果主要病虫害草害[J].中国果业信息,2011,28(8):35.
[16]宋世志,李湘南,刘美英,等.苹果炭疽叶桔病危害特点与防治措施[J].烟台果树,2015(4):40-41.
[2]唐慧峰,李占才,李惠军.苹果优质高效生产技术[M].银川:阳光出版社.2010.
[3]姬盼.两种苹果病毒病的分子鉴定及云南几个苹果新品种抗早期落叶病鉴定[D].云南:云南农业大学, 2013:4-6.
[4]李云国,蔡兆翔,马静,等.昭通高原苹果产业发展现状及可持续发展对策研究[J].云南农业大学学报, 2015, 9(5):69-73.
[5]童富琴,杨艳群.对昭通苹果产业发展的思考[J].现代园艺.2016,(17):46+62.
[6]刘福昌,王焕玉.国外发生的两种苹果类菌原体病害[J].中国果树, 1995(1):53-54.
[7]中国农业科学院果树研究所主编.中国果树病虫志[M].北京:中国农业出版社.1960.
[8]谭晓华,马学林,孔宝华,等.危害云南丽江苹果的病虫害种类及其发生规律[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学版)2016,31(1):54-61.
[9] Huai Xiao, Zhou Ying, Zhang Rui,et al. Cloning prokaryotic expression of the coat protein gene of Apple stem grooving virus and antiserum preparation[J]. Acta Phytophylacica Sinica, 2010, 37(5):436-440.
[10]蔡瑜,向本春,席德慧,等.苹果褪绿叶斑病毒库尔勒分离物外壳蛋白基因的克隆、原核表达及特异抗血清的制备[J].农业生物技术学报, 2005,13(4):533-537.
[11]姬盼,王连春,孔宝华,等.云南昭通苹果产区苹果花叶病毒的鉴定[J].云南农业大学学报,2013,28(2):180-185.
[12]岳宪化,韩秀娜,胡夫防,等.鲁南滨湖区苹果早期落叶病的发生和防治[J].果农之友,2007(5):29.
[13]赵磊,赵政阳,党志国,等.秦冠、富士苹果杂交后代抗早期落叶病的遗传分析[J].西北农业学报,2008,(2):196-201.
[14]孔宝华,姬盼,马学林,等.云南苹果病害的调查与鉴定.云南农业大学学报,2014,29(1):135-139.
[15]柏斌.云南查明苹果主要病虫害草害[J].中国果业信息,2011,28(8):35.
[16]宋世志,李湘南,刘美英,等.苹果炭疽叶桔病危害特点与防治措施[J].烟台果树,2015(4):40-41.