黔中马尾松近熟林空间结构特征及其调控
|
摘要
林分空间结构是描述林分结构极其变化的重要指标,是森林经营与管理成功的标志。利用随机抽样方法在黔中马尾松Pinus massoniana可持续经营管理试点(安顺市平坝区)设置100 m×100 m马尾松近熟林固定样地,采用10 m×10 m网格调查每株林木的树高、胸径和坐标数据,主要以混交度、大小比数和角尺度的一元和二元分布研究马尾松林的空间结构特征。结果表明:①该林分中马尾松在株数和断面积比例上占明显优势,种内竞争对马尾松生长影响很大,整个林分以零度混交为主,空间异质性不高;②在整个林分中,大部分林木处于随机分布,胸径差异不显著,伴生树种主要空间分布格局为集聚分布;③模拟采伐有利于林分空间结构的调控,改善林分空间分布格局,为森林群落的正向演替以及优势种群的健康生长提供了有利空间条件。
Spatial structure is important in describing forest stand structure and change, which is an indicator to the success of forest management. A 100 m × 100 m permanent sample plot of the Pinus massoniana near-mature forest was established in Central Guizhou with random sampling method, the tree height, diameter at breast height, and coordinates of each tree were determined as the base data based on a 10 m × 10 m grid. The characteristics of forest spatial structure were analyzed by univariate and bivariate distributions of mingling, dominance, and uniform angle index. Results showed that(1) P. massoniana was dominant in number and basal area, the intraspecific competition among P. massoniana trees greatly affected the growth of trees. The whole stand was dominated by a zero-mixed degree with low spatial heterogeneity.(2) For the whole forest stand,most of the distributions were random, there was no significant difference in the tree diameter, and the main spatial distribution pattern of associated tree species was a concentrated distribution.(3) Simulated cuttings contributed to the regulation of spatial structure, which improved the spatial distribution pattern and provided the favorable spatial conditions for positive succession of the forest community as well as healthy growth of the dominant tree populations.
Spatial structure is important in describing forest stand structure and change, which is an indicator to the success of forest management. A 100 m × 100 m permanent sample plot of the Pinus massoniana near-mature forest was established in Central Guizhou with random sampling method, the tree height, diameter at breast height, and coordinates of each tree were determined as the base data based on a 10 m × 10 m grid. The characteristics of forest spatial structure were analyzed by univariate and bivariate distributions of mingling, dominance, and uniform angle index. Results showed that(1) P. massoniana was dominant in number and basal area, the intraspecific competition among P. massoniana trees greatly affected the growth of trees. The whole stand was dominated by a zero-mixed degree with low spatial heterogeneity.(2) For the whole forest stand,most of the distributions were random, there was no significant difference in the tree diameter, and the main spatial distribution pattern of associated tree species was a concentrated distribution.(3) Simulated cuttings contributed to the regulation of spatial structure, which improved the spatial distribution pattern and provided the favorable spatial conditions for positive succession of the forest community as well as healthy growth of the dominant tree populations.
引文
[1]胡艳波,惠刚盈,戚继忠,等.吉林蛟河天然红松阔叶林的空间结构分析[J].林业科学研究, 2003, 16(5):523-530.HU Yanbo, HUI Gangying, QI Jizhong, et al. Analysis of the spatial structure of natural Korean pine broad leaved forest[J]. For Res, 2003, 16(5):523-530.
[2]黄龙生,李永宁,冯楷斌,等.冀北山地杨桦次生林林分空间结构研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报, 2015, 35(1):50-55.HUANG Longsheng, LI Yongning, FENG Kaibin, et al. Studies on structure characteristics of secondary poplar-birch forest in mountainous regions of north Hebei Province[J]. J Cent South Univ For Technol, 2015, 35(1):50-55.
[3]李燕,刘成功,李秀芹,等.岭南林场混交林林分空间结构特征分析[J].分子植物育种, 2018, 16(11):3768-3776.LI Yan, LIU Chenggong, LI Xiuqin, et al. Analysis of spatial structure characteristics of mixed forest in Lingnan Forestry Farm[J]. Mol Plant Breed, 2018, 16(11):3768-3776.
[4]王智勇,董希斌,张甜,等.大兴安岭落叶松天然林次生林林分结构特征[J].东北林业大学学报, 2018, 46(4):6-28.WANG Zhiyong, DONG Xibin, ZHANG Tian, et al. Forest structure characteristics of larix natural secondary forest in Daxing’an Moutains[J]. J Northeast For Univ, 2018, 46(4):6-28.
[5]程福山,何怀江,刘强,等.三湖国家级自然保护区蒙古栎林空间结构研究[J].林业资源管理, 2018(2):138-145.CHENG Fushan, HE Huaijiang, LIU Qiang, et al. Study on spatial of Quercus mongolica forest in Sanhu Nature Reserve[J]. For Resour Manage, 2018(2):138-145.
[6]雷相东,唐守正.林分结构多样性指标研究综述[J].林业科学, 2002, 38(3):141-146.LEI Xiangdong, TANG Shouzheng. Indicators on structural diversity within-stand:a review[J]. Sci Silv Sin, 2002, 38(3):141-146.
[7]惠刚盈, GADOW K V.德国现代森林经营技术[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社, 2001.
[8] LI Yuanfa, HUI Gangying, ZHAO Zhonghua, et al. Spatial structure character-istics of three hardwood species in Korean pine broad-leaved forest:validating the bivariate distribution of structural parameters from the point of tree population[J]. For Ecol Manage, 2014, 314:17-25.
[9] WANG Mingliang, RENNOLLS K, TANG Shouzheng. Bivariate distribution modeling of tree diameters and heights:dependency modeling using copulas[J]. For Sci, 2008, 54(3):284-293.
[10] LI Yuanfa, HUI Gangying, ZHAO Zhonghua, et al. The bivariate distribution characteristics of spatial structure in natural Korean pine broad-leaved forest[J]. J Veg Sci, 2012, 23(6):1180-1190.
[11]彭辉,周红敏,惠刚盈,等.萌生杉木林空间结构的二元分布特征[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2017,41(4):136-140.PENG Hui, ZHOU Hongmin, HUI Gangying, et al. Bivariate distribution of spatial structure of a Cunninghamia lanceolata coppice forest[J]. J Nanjing For Univ Nat Sci Ed, 2017, 41(4):136-140.
[12]张岗岗,王德祥,柴宗政,等.秦岭中段华北落叶松人工林空间结构的二元分布特征[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 42(9):33-40.ZHANG Ganggang, WANG Dexiang, CHAI Zongzheng, et al. Bivariate distribution of spatial structure in Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation in the middle section of Qinling Mountains[J]. J Northwest A&F Univ Nat Sci Ed,2014, 42(9):33-40.
[13]惠刚盈.基于相邻木关系的林分空间结构参数应用研究[J].北京林业大学学报, 2013, 35(4):1-8.HUI Gangying. Studies on the application of stand spatial structure parameters based on the relationship of neighborhood trees[J]. J Beijing For Univ, 2013, 35(4):1-8.
[14]李远发.林分空间结构参数二元分布的研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院, 2013.LI Yuanfa. The Bivarite Distribution of Forest Stand Spatial Structural Parameters[D]. Bijing:Chinese Academy of Forestry, 2013.
[15]盛骤,谢式千,潘承毅.概率论与数理统计[M]. 4版.北京:高等教育出版社, 2009.
[16]董灵波,刘兆刚.樟子松人工林空间结构优化及可视化模拟[J].林业科学, 2012, 48(10):77-85.DONG Lingbo, LIU Zhaogang. Visual management simulation for Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation based on optimized spatial structure[J]. Sci Silv Sin, 2012, 48(10):77-85.
[17]周红敏,何必庭,彭辉,等.萌生杉木林空间结构特征研究[J].林业科学研究, 2015, 28(5):686-690.ZHOU Hongmin, HE Biting, PENG Hui, et al. Research on spatial structure of Cunninghamia lanceolata copice forest[J]. For Res, 2015, 28(5):686-690.
[18]张家城,陈力,郭泉水,等.演替顶级阶段森林群落优势树种分布的变化趋势研究[J].植物生态学报, 1999, 23(3):256-268.ZHANG Jiacheng, CHEN Li, GUO Quanshui, et al. Research on the change trend of dominant tree population distribution patierns during development process of climax forest communities[J]. Acta Phytoecol Sin, 1999, 23(3):256-268.
[19]陈昌雄,刘健,余坤勇,等.基于空间结构优化的马尾松阔叶混交林模拟采伐[J].西南林学院学报, 2010, 30(6):29-32.CHEN Changxiong, LIU Jian, YU Kunyong, et al. Simulated cutting the mixed forest of Pinus massoniana and broadleaved tree species based on optimized spatial structure[J]. J Southwest For Univ, 2010, 30(6):29-32.
[20]惠刚盈,胡艳波.混交林树种空间隔离程度表达方式的研究[J].林业科学研究, 2001, 14(1):177-181.HUI Gangying, HU Yanbo. Measuring species spatial isolation in mixed forests[J]. For Res, 2001, 1 4(1):177-181.
[21]惠刚盈,胡艳波,赵中华.结构化森林经营研究进展[J].林业科学研究, 2018, 31(1):85-93.HUI Gangying, HU Yanbo, ZHAO Zhonghua. Research progress of structure-based forest management[J]. For Res,2018, 31(1):85-93.
[2]黄龙生,李永宁,冯楷斌,等.冀北山地杨桦次生林林分空间结构研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报, 2015, 35(1):50-55.HUANG Longsheng, LI Yongning, FENG Kaibin, et al. Studies on structure characteristics of secondary poplar-birch forest in mountainous regions of north Hebei Province[J]. J Cent South Univ For Technol, 2015, 35(1):50-55.
[3]李燕,刘成功,李秀芹,等.岭南林场混交林林分空间结构特征分析[J].分子植物育种, 2018, 16(11):3768-3776.LI Yan, LIU Chenggong, LI Xiuqin, et al. Analysis of spatial structure characteristics of mixed forest in Lingnan Forestry Farm[J]. Mol Plant Breed, 2018, 16(11):3768-3776.
[4]王智勇,董希斌,张甜,等.大兴安岭落叶松天然林次生林林分结构特征[J].东北林业大学学报, 2018, 46(4):6-28.WANG Zhiyong, DONG Xibin, ZHANG Tian, et al. Forest structure characteristics of larix natural secondary forest in Daxing’an Moutains[J]. J Northeast For Univ, 2018, 46(4):6-28.
[5]程福山,何怀江,刘强,等.三湖国家级自然保护区蒙古栎林空间结构研究[J].林业资源管理, 2018(2):138-145.CHENG Fushan, HE Huaijiang, LIU Qiang, et al. Study on spatial of Quercus mongolica forest in Sanhu Nature Reserve[J]. For Resour Manage, 2018(2):138-145.
[6]雷相东,唐守正.林分结构多样性指标研究综述[J].林业科学, 2002, 38(3):141-146.LEI Xiangdong, TANG Shouzheng. Indicators on structural diversity within-stand:a review[J]. Sci Silv Sin, 2002, 38(3):141-146.
[7]惠刚盈, GADOW K V.德国现代森林经营技术[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社, 2001.
[8] LI Yuanfa, HUI Gangying, ZHAO Zhonghua, et al. Spatial structure character-istics of three hardwood species in Korean pine broad-leaved forest:validating the bivariate distribution of structural parameters from the point of tree population[J]. For Ecol Manage, 2014, 314:17-25.
[9] WANG Mingliang, RENNOLLS K, TANG Shouzheng. Bivariate distribution modeling of tree diameters and heights:dependency modeling using copulas[J]. For Sci, 2008, 54(3):284-293.
[10] LI Yuanfa, HUI Gangying, ZHAO Zhonghua, et al. The bivariate distribution characteristics of spatial structure in natural Korean pine broad-leaved forest[J]. J Veg Sci, 2012, 23(6):1180-1190.
[11]彭辉,周红敏,惠刚盈,等.萌生杉木林空间结构的二元分布特征[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2017,41(4):136-140.PENG Hui, ZHOU Hongmin, HUI Gangying, et al. Bivariate distribution of spatial structure of a Cunninghamia lanceolata coppice forest[J]. J Nanjing For Univ Nat Sci Ed, 2017, 41(4):136-140.
[12]张岗岗,王德祥,柴宗政,等.秦岭中段华北落叶松人工林空间结构的二元分布特征[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 42(9):33-40.ZHANG Ganggang, WANG Dexiang, CHAI Zongzheng, et al. Bivariate distribution of spatial structure in Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation in the middle section of Qinling Mountains[J]. J Northwest A&F Univ Nat Sci Ed,2014, 42(9):33-40.
[13]惠刚盈.基于相邻木关系的林分空间结构参数应用研究[J].北京林业大学学报, 2013, 35(4):1-8.HUI Gangying. Studies on the application of stand spatial structure parameters based on the relationship of neighborhood trees[J]. J Beijing For Univ, 2013, 35(4):1-8.
[14]李远发.林分空间结构参数二元分布的研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院, 2013.LI Yuanfa. The Bivarite Distribution of Forest Stand Spatial Structural Parameters[D]. Bijing:Chinese Academy of Forestry, 2013.
[15]盛骤,谢式千,潘承毅.概率论与数理统计[M]. 4版.北京:高等教育出版社, 2009.
[16]董灵波,刘兆刚.樟子松人工林空间结构优化及可视化模拟[J].林业科学, 2012, 48(10):77-85.DONG Lingbo, LIU Zhaogang. Visual management simulation for Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation based on optimized spatial structure[J]. Sci Silv Sin, 2012, 48(10):77-85.
[17]周红敏,何必庭,彭辉,等.萌生杉木林空间结构特征研究[J].林业科学研究, 2015, 28(5):686-690.ZHOU Hongmin, HE Biting, PENG Hui, et al. Research on spatial structure of Cunninghamia lanceolata copice forest[J]. For Res, 2015, 28(5):686-690.
[18]张家城,陈力,郭泉水,等.演替顶级阶段森林群落优势树种分布的变化趋势研究[J].植物生态学报, 1999, 23(3):256-268.ZHANG Jiacheng, CHEN Li, GUO Quanshui, et al. Research on the change trend of dominant tree population distribution patierns during development process of climax forest communities[J]. Acta Phytoecol Sin, 1999, 23(3):256-268.
[19]陈昌雄,刘健,余坤勇,等.基于空间结构优化的马尾松阔叶混交林模拟采伐[J].西南林学院学报, 2010, 30(6):29-32.CHEN Changxiong, LIU Jian, YU Kunyong, et al. Simulated cutting the mixed forest of Pinus massoniana and broadleaved tree species based on optimized spatial structure[J]. J Southwest For Univ, 2010, 30(6):29-32.
[20]惠刚盈,胡艳波.混交林树种空间隔离程度表达方式的研究[J].林业科学研究, 2001, 14(1):177-181.HUI Gangying, HU Yanbo. Measuring species spatial isolation in mixed forests[J]. For Res, 2001, 1 4(1):177-181.
[21]惠刚盈,胡艳波,赵中华.结构化森林经营研究进展[J].林业科学研究, 2018, 31(1):85-93.HUI Gangying, HU Yanbo, ZHAO Zhonghua. Research progress of structure-based forest management[J]. For Res,2018, 31(1):85-93.