珊瑚砂大剪切应变下的剪切特性和分形维数
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摘要
利用Wille Geotechnik环向剪切仪对3种不同粒径的珊瑚砂进行了大剪切位移的环向剪切试验,探讨了颗粒破碎对珊瑚砂强度和残余应变发展的影响。试验结果表明:颗粒破碎随着剪切位移的增加逐渐增加,且初始粒径较大的均匀级配珊瑚砂粒径越大颗粒破碎越多。颗粒破碎对峰值强度和残余强度无影响,但对珊瑚砂的体积应变有显著影响,颗粒破碎较多的试样其体积应变也较大。建立了考虑长宽比、球形度和凹凸度的分形维数计算公式。由于颗粒破碎后颗粒形状在全粒径范围内的自相似性和无尺度性,考虑颗粒形状与不考虑颗粒形状的公式计算得到的珊瑚砂分形维数基本一致。
Wille Geotechnik ring shear apparatus was applied to conduct large shear strain ring shear tests on three samples of uniform carol sand with different sizes. This paper investigates the effects of particle breakage on peak strength and residual strength. The experimental results indicate that particle breakage increases with increasing the shear distance, and also increases with increasing particle size. Particle breakage has subtle or negligible effect on the peak strength and residual strength. However, particle breakage remarkably influences the volumetric strain, where the volumetric strain increases with increasing the particle size because of large particles suffered greater particle breakage. An equation for fractal dimension considering length-width ratio, sophericity and camber is established. As the self-similar and no scale of particle along with ranges of sizes, the fractal dimension calculated through the cumulative number of particles with consideration of particle shape is the same with that of particles without considering of particle shape.
Wille Geotechnik ring shear apparatus was applied to conduct large shear strain ring shear tests on three samples of uniform carol sand with different sizes. This paper investigates the effects of particle breakage on peak strength and residual strength. The experimental results indicate that particle breakage increases with increasing the shear distance, and also increases with increasing particle size. Particle breakage has subtle or negligible effect on the peak strength and residual strength. However, particle breakage remarkably influences the volumetric strain, where the volumetric strain increases with increasing the particle size because of large particles suffered greater particle breakage. An equation for fractal dimension considering length-width ratio, sophericity and camber is established. As the self-similar and no scale of particle along with ranges of sizes, the fractal dimension calculated through the cumulative number of particles with consideration of particle shape is the same with that of particles without considering of particle shape.
引文
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[2]张家铭,张凌,刘慧,等.钙质砂剪切特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(增刊1):3010-3015.ZHANG Jia-ming,ZHANG Ling,LIU Hui,et al.Experimental research on shear behavior of calcareous sand[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(Supp.1):3010-3015.
[3]黄宏翔,陈育民,王建平,等.钙质砂抗剪强度特性的环剪试验[J].岩土力学,2018,39(6):2082-2088.HUANG Hong-xiang,CHEN Yu-min,WANG Jian-ping,et al.Ring shear tests on shear strength of calcareous sand[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(6):2082-2088
[4]何建乔,魏厚振,孟庆山,等.大位移剪切下钙质砂破碎演化特性[J].岩土力学,2018,39(1):165-172.HE Jian-qiao,WEI Hou-zhen,MENG Qing-shan,et al.Evolution of particle breakage of calcareous sand under large displacement shearing[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(1):165-172.
[5]LUZZANI L,COOP M.On the relationship between particle breakage and the critical state of sands[J].Soils and Foundations,2002,42(2):71-82.
[6]TALLING P J,WYNN R B,MASSON D G,et al.Onset of submarine debris flow deposition far from original giant landslide[J].Nature,2007,450(7169):541-544.
[7]张小燕.珊瑚砂高压力下一维蠕变分形破碎及颗粒形状分析[J].岩土力学,2018,39(5):1573-1580.ZHANG Xiao-yan.Fractal breakage and particle shape analysis for carol sands under high-pressure onedimensional creep conditions[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(5):1573-1580.
[8]ALTUHAFI F,COOP M.Changes to particle characteristics associated with the compression of sands[J].Géotechnique,2011,61(6):459-471.
[9]ALTUHAFI F,O'SULLIVAN C,CAVARRETTA I.Analysis of an image-based method to quantify the size and shape of sand particles[J].Journal of Geotechnical&Geoenvironmental Engineering,2013,139(8):1290-1307.
[10]BSI.BS 1377:2-1990 Methods of test for soils for civil engineering purposes-Part 2 Classification tests[S].London,UK:British Standard Institute(BSI),1990.
[11]汪轶群,洪义,国振,等.南海钙质砂宏细观破碎力学特性[J].岩土力学,2018,39(1):199-206.WANG Yi-qun,HONG Yi,GUO Zhen,et al.Micro-and macro-mechanical behavior of crushable calcareous sand in South China Sea[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(1):199-206.
[12]COOP M R,SORENSEN K K,FREITAS T B,et al.Particle breakage during shearing of a carbonate sand[J].Géotechnique,2004,54(3):157-163.
[13]ZHANG X Y,BAUDET B A,HU W,et al.Characterisation of the ultimate particle size distribution of uniform and gap-graded soils[J].Soils and Foundations,2017,57(4):603-618.
[14]MCDOWELL G R,DE BONO J P.On the micro mechanics of one-dimensional normal compression[J].Géotechnique,2013,63(11):895-908.
[15]MCDOWELL G R,BOLTON M D.On the micromechanics of crushable aggregates[J].Géotechnique,1998,48(5):667-679
[16]EINAV I.Breakage mechanics.Part I:Theory[J].Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids,2007,55(6):1274-1297.
[17]RASIAH V,KAY B D,PERFECT E.New mass-based model for estimating fractal dimensions of soil aggregates[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1993,57(4):891-895.
[18]ALTUHAFI F,BAUDET B A.A hypothesis on the relative roles of crushing and abrasion in the mechanical genesis of a glacial sediment[J].Engineering Geology,2011,120(1-4):1-9.
[19]KOZAK E,SOKO?OWSKA Z,ST?PNIEWSKI W,et al.A modified number-based method for estimating fragmentation fractal dimensions of soils[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1996,60(5):1291-1297.
[20]PERFECT E,RASIAH V,KAY B D.Fractal dimensions of soil aggregate-size distributions calculated by number and mass[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1992,56(5):1407-1409.
[21]ZHANG X Y,BAUDET B A.Particle breakage in gap-graded soil[J].Géotechnique Letters,2013,3(2):72-77.
[22]HOOKE R L,IVERSON N R.Grain-size distribution in deforming subglacial tills:Role of grain fracture[J].Geology,1995,23(1):57-60.