一种有功备用式光伏虚拟同步控制策略
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摘要
传统光伏逆变器多以最大功率跟踪方式运行,不能进行有功调频和实现有功功率灵活可控。此外,以传统光伏逆变器改造的光伏虚拟同步发电机(photovoltaicvirtual synchronous generator,PV-VSG)多配备储能电池,但储能电池成本昂贵,逆变器改造成本较大,针对上述问题,提出一种有功备用式光伏虚拟同步发电机控制策略,使传统光伏逆变器在不增加储能、不改造电路的情况下,具有调频调压功能,并实现了有功备用及有功功率的灵活可控。针对以往研究的不足,首先研究了PV-VSG有功备用的运行机制,并提出一种有功备用式PV-VSG控制策略,并对其进行数学建模。然后对光伏发电系统的稳定运行区域进行研究,提出最低电压限制方法,最后仿真验证了文中所提控制策略的可行性。仿真结果表明:该控制策略使传统光伏逆变器在无储能的情况下通过有功备用方式实现虚拟同步功能,并能稳定运行于光伏曲线右半平面。
Traditional photovoltaic inverters mainly operate in maximum power tracking mode and cannot regulate grid frequency. Also active power cannot be controlled flexibly. Photovoltaic virtual synchronous generator(PV-VSG) modified from traditional photovoltaic inverter is usually equipped with expensive energy storage batteries, and the inverter transformation cost is high. To solve these problems, a novel control strategy of PV-VSG based on active power reserve is proposed, making photovoltaic inverters have the functions of regulating voltage and frequency, reserving active power and controlling active power flexibly without increasing energy storage and modifying the circuit. Aiming at the shortcomings of previous researches, this paper studies the operating mechanism of PV-VSG active standby and puts forward a control strategy of PV-VSG, and mathematically models it. Then, the stable operation area of photovoltaic power generation system is studied, and a minimum voltage limit method is proposed. Finally, simulation verifies feasibility of the control strategy proposed in this paper. Simulation results show that the proposed PV-VSG control strategy enables traditional PV inverter to realize virtual synchronization function through active standby mode without energy storage, and can stably operate in the right half plane of PV curve.
Traditional photovoltaic inverters mainly operate in maximum power tracking mode and cannot regulate grid frequency. Also active power cannot be controlled flexibly. Photovoltaic virtual synchronous generator(PV-VSG) modified from traditional photovoltaic inverter is usually equipped with expensive energy storage batteries, and the inverter transformation cost is high. To solve these problems, a novel control strategy of PV-VSG based on active power reserve is proposed, making photovoltaic inverters have the functions of regulating voltage and frequency, reserving active power and controlling active power flexibly without increasing energy storage and modifying the circuit. Aiming at the shortcomings of previous researches, this paper studies the operating mechanism of PV-VSG active standby and puts forward a control strategy of PV-VSG, and mathematically models it. Then, the stable operation area of photovoltaic power generation system is studied, and a minimum voltage limit method is proposed. Finally, simulation verifies feasibility of the control strategy proposed in this paper. Simulation results show that the proposed PV-VSG control strategy enables traditional PV inverter to realize virtual synchronization function through active standby mode without energy storage, and can stably operate in the right half plane of PV curve.
引文
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[16]张卫红,佟宗超.基于VSG的分布式光伏系统运行与控制[J].电力电子技术,2013,47(8):38-40.Zhang Weihong,Tong Zongchao.Control and operation of distributed photovoltaic system based on virtual synchronous generator[J].Power Electronics,2013,47(8):38-40(in Chinese).
[17]王思耕.基于虚拟同步发电机的光伏并网发电控制研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2011.
[18]王振雄,易皓,卓放,等.应用于光伏微网的一种虚拟同步发电机结构及其动态性能分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):444-453.Wang Zhenxiong,Yi Hao,Zhuo Fang,et al.A hardware structure of virtual synchronous generator in photovoltaic microgrid and its dynamic performance analysis[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(2):444-453(in Chinese).
[19]涂春鸣,兰征,肖凡,等.具备同步电机特性的级联型光伏发电系统[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):433-443.Tu Chunming,Lan Zheng,Xiao Fan,et al.Study on cascaded H-bridge photovoltaic power systems with synchronous generator characteristics[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(2):433-443(in Chinese).
[20]Guo Y,Chen L,Li K,et al.A novel control strategy for stand-alone Photovoltaic system based on Virtual Synchronous Generator[C]//Power and Energy Society General Meeting.Boston,MA:IEEE,2016:1-5.
[21]郑天文,陈来军,刘炜,等.考虑源端动态特性的光伏虚拟同步机多模式运行控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):454-463.Zheng Tianwen,Chen Laijun,Liu Wei.et al.Multi-mode operation control for photovoltaic virtual synchronous generator considering the dynamic characteristics of primary source[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(2):454-463(in Chinese).
[22]石荣亮,张兴,刘芳,等.基于输出电压反馈的虚拟同步发电机多环控制策略[J].电源学报,2017,15(4):17-25.Shi Rongliang,Zhang Xing,Liu Fang,et al.Multiloop control strategy for virtual synchronous generator using only output voltage feedback[J].Journal of Power Supply,2017,15(4):17-25(in Chinese).
[23]张兴,朱德斌,徐海珍.分布式发电中的虚拟同步发电机技术[J].电源学报,2012(3):1-6,12.Zhang Xing,Zhu Debin,Xu Haizhen.Review of virtual synchronous generator technology in distributed generation[J].Journal of Power Supply,2012(3):1-6,12(in Chinese).
[24]赵晶晶,徐传琳,吕雪,等.微电网一次调频备用容量与储能优化配置方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(15):4324-4332+4572.Zhao Jingjing,Xu Chuanlin,LüXue,et al.Optimization of microgrid primary frequency regulation reserve capacity and energy storage system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(15):4324-4332+4572(in Chinese).
[2]Zhai H,Yi H,Zhuo F,et al.Online control of SVG for network unbalance suppression[C]//Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference.Hefei:IEEE,2016:137-141.
[3]熊连松,刘小康,卓放,等.光伏发电系统的小信号建模及其控制器参数的全局优化设计方法[J].电网技术,2014,38(5):1234-1241.Xiong Liansong,Liu Xiaokang,Zhuo Fang,et al.Small-signal modeling of photovoltaic power generation system and global optimal design for its controller parameters[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(5):1234-1241(in Chinese).
[4]Guo Y,Chen L,Liu W,et al.A consensus-based frequency control for photovoltaic connected virtual synchronous generators in microgrid[C]//IEEE International Conference on Power System Technology.Wollongong,NSW:IEEE,2016:1-6.
[5]沈瑜,岳园园,闫华光,等.地区电网需求响应资源聚合与调控策略研究[J].电网技术,2017,41(10):3341-3347.Shen Yu,Yue Yuanyuan,Yan Huaguang,et al.Research on aggregation and optimization strategies of demand response resources for district power grid[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(10):3341-3347(in Chinese).
[6]王育飞,付玉超,孙路,等.基于混沌-RBF神经网络的光伏发电功率超短期预测模型[J].电网技术,2018,42(4):1110-1116.Wang Yufei,Fu Yuchao,Sun Lu,et al.Ultra-short term prediction model of photovoltaic output power based on chaos-RBF neural network[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(4):1110-1116(in Chinese).
[7]Cheng D,Mather B A,Seguin R,et al.Photovoltaic(PV)impact assessment for very high penetration levels[J].IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics,2015,6(1):295-300.
[8]吕志鹏,盛万兴,钟庆昌,等.虚拟同步发电机及其在微电网中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(16):2591-2603.LüZhipeng,Sheng Wanxing,Zhong Qingchang,et al.Virtual synchronous generator and its applications in micro-grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(16):2591-2603(in Chinese).
[9]郑天文,陈来军,陈天一,等.虚拟同步发电机技术及展望[J].电力系统自化,2015,39(21):165-175.Zheng Tianwen,Chen Laijun,Chen Tianyi,et al.Review and prospect of virtual synchronous generator technologies[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(21):165-175(in Chinese).
[10]Bevrani H,Ise T,Miura Y.Virtual synchronous generators:a survey and new perspectives[J].International Journal of Electrical Power&Energy Systems,2014,54(1):244-254.
[11]Sangwongwanich A,Yang Y,Blaabjerg F,et al.Delta power control strategy for multi-string grid-connected PV inverters[J].IEEETransactions on Industry Applications,2017,PP(99):1-1.
[12]Sangwongwanich A,Yang Y,Blaabjerg F,et al.Benchmarking of constant power generation strategies for single-phase grid-connected Photovoltaic systems[C]//Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition.Long Beach,CA:IEEE,2016:370-377.
[13]Prasetyono E,Anggriawan D O,Firmansyah A Z,et al.A modified MPPT algorithm using incremental conductance for constant power generation of photovoltaic systems[C]//International Electronics Symposium on Engineering Technology and Applications.Surabaya,2017:1-6.
[14]石荣亮,张兴,刘芳,等.虚拟同步发电机及其在多能互补微电网中的运行控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(20):170-180.Shi Rongliang,Zhang Xing,Liu Fang,et al.Control technologies of multi-energy complementary microgrid operation based on virtual synchronous generator[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(20):170-180(in Chinese).
[15]程冲,杨欢,曾正,等.虚拟同步发电机的转子惯量自适应控制方法[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(19):82-89.Cheng Chong,Yang Huan,Zeng Zheng,et al.A novel control method of VSG with adaptive virtual rotor inertia[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(19):82-89(in Chinese).
[16]张卫红,佟宗超.基于VSG的分布式光伏系统运行与控制[J].电力电子技术,2013,47(8):38-40.Zhang Weihong,Tong Zongchao.Control and operation of distributed photovoltaic system based on virtual synchronous generator[J].Power Electronics,2013,47(8):38-40(in Chinese).
[17]王思耕.基于虚拟同步发电机的光伏并网发电控制研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2011.
[18]王振雄,易皓,卓放,等.应用于光伏微网的一种虚拟同步发电机结构及其动态性能分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):444-453.Wang Zhenxiong,Yi Hao,Zhuo Fang,et al.A hardware structure of virtual synchronous generator in photovoltaic microgrid and its dynamic performance analysis[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(2):444-453(in Chinese).
[19]涂春鸣,兰征,肖凡,等.具备同步电机特性的级联型光伏发电系统[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):433-443.Tu Chunming,Lan Zheng,Xiao Fan,et al.Study on cascaded H-bridge photovoltaic power systems with synchronous generator characteristics[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(2):433-443(in Chinese).
[20]Guo Y,Chen L,Li K,et al.A novel control strategy for stand-alone Photovoltaic system based on Virtual Synchronous Generator[C]//Power and Energy Society General Meeting.Boston,MA:IEEE,2016:1-5.
[21]郑天文,陈来军,刘炜,等.考虑源端动态特性的光伏虚拟同步机多模式运行控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):454-463.Zheng Tianwen,Chen Laijun,Liu Wei.et al.Multi-mode operation control for photovoltaic virtual synchronous generator considering the dynamic characteristics of primary source[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(2):454-463(in Chinese).
[22]石荣亮,张兴,刘芳,等.基于输出电压反馈的虚拟同步发电机多环控制策略[J].电源学报,2017,15(4):17-25.Shi Rongliang,Zhang Xing,Liu Fang,et al.Multiloop control strategy for virtual synchronous generator using only output voltage feedback[J].Journal of Power Supply,2017,15(4):17-25(in Chinese).
[23]张兴,朱德斌,徐海珍.分布式发电中的虚拟同步发电机技术[J].电源学报,2012(3):1-6,12.Zhang Xing,Zhu Debin,Xu Haizhen.Review of virtual synchronous generator technology in distributed generation[J].Journal of Power Supply,2012(3):1-6,12(in Chinese).
[24]赵晶晶,徐传琳,吕雪,等.微电网一次调频备用容量与储能优化配置方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(15):4324-4332+4572.Zhao Jingjing,Xu Chuanlin,LüXue,et al.Optimization of microgrid primary frequency regulation reserve capacity and energy storage system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(15):4324-4332+4572(in Chinese).
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