应用德尔菲法构建临床药师核心能力评价标准
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摘要
目的:建立临床药师核心能力评价标准,为临床药师的能力培养与考核评估提供依据。方法:采用德尔菲法,围绕临床药师应具备的研究能力、职业能力、综合能力等3个维度,归纳整理一级指标及二级指标;并将二级指标设计成问卷题项,按Likert 5级评分法咨询其重要程度。在2017年6-10月,选择35名专家进行第一轮问卷咨询,并对相应条目作删除、合并及增加等调整,然后再进行第二轮问卷咨询。采用SPSS 20.0软件对回收问卷进行数据录入及数据库建立,并对专家积极程度、权威程度、意见协调程度进行分析。结果:第一、二轮问卷咨询的专家咨询积极性系数分别为100%、92.9%,专家权威程度分别为0.878 6、0.901 9,专家协调系数分别为0.298、0.681。最终建立了包含16个一级指标、41个二级指标的临床药师核心能力评价标准,其中研究能力维度包含了5个一级指标、8个二级指标(后者有3个"极其重要"),职业能力维度共包含了5个一级指标、21个二级指标(后者有9个"极其重要"),综合能力维度包含了6个一级指标、12个二级指标(后者有4个"极其重要")。结论:临床药师最重要的核心能力为职业能力,最重要的职责定位和工作考核重点是参与临床救治患者;临床药师要注重与医护人员以及患者的沟通,树立终身学习的理念。本次咨询调研的专家积极程度、权威程度、意见协调程度均较高;所建核心能力评价标准能够为临床药师的培养与考核评估提供依据。
OBJECTIVE:To set up a standard for evaluating core competency of clinical pharmacists,and to provide reference for competency training and evaluation of clinical pharmacists. METHODS:By Delphi method,the first-level and second-level indicators were summarized and sorted out in three dimensions as research ability,professional ability and comprehensive ability that clinical pharmacists should possess. The second-level indicators were designed as questionnaire items,so as to consult their importance according to Likert 5 grade scoring method. During Jun.-Oct. 2017,35 experts were selected for the first round of questionnaire consultation, and then the corresponding items were deleted, merged and added. Then the second round of questionnaire consultation was conducted. SPSS 20.0 software was used to input the data of the questionnaire and establish the database,and the experts' enthusiasm degree,the authority degree and opinion coordination degree were analyzed statistically.RESULTS:The positive coefficients of expert consultation in the first and second rounds of questionnaire consultation were 100%and 92.9%;the authority degrees of experts were 0.878 6 and 0.901 9;the coordination coefficients of experts were 0.298 and0.681,respectively. The evaluation standard for core competency of clinical pharmacists was established finally,involving 16 first-level indicators and 41 second-level indicators. The dimension of research ability contained 5 first-level indexes and 8 second-level indexes(3"extremely important"indexes in latter ones);the dimension of professional ability contained 5 first-level indexes and 21 second-level indexes(9"extremely important"indexes in latter ones);the dimension of comprehensive ability included 6 first-level indexes and 12 second-level indexes(4"extremely important"indexes in latter ones). CONCLUSIONS:The most important core competence of clinical pharmacists is professional competence, and the most important responsibility orientation and work assessment focus is to participate in clinical treatment of patients. Clinical pharmacists should pay attention to communication with medical staff and patients,and establish the concept of lifelong learning. The experts in this consultation and research are highly motivated and authoritative,and have good coordination of opinions. The core competence evaluation criteria can provide a basis for the training and evaluation of clinical pharmacists.
OBJECTIVE:To set up a standard for evaluating core competency of clinical pharmacists,and to provide reference for competency training and evaluation of clinical pharmacists. METHODS:By Delphi method,the first-level and second-level indicators were summarized and sorted out in three dimensions as research ability,professional ability and comprehensive ability that clinical pharmacists should possess. The second-level indicators were designed as questionnaire items,so as to consult their importance according to Likert 5 grade scoring method. During Jun.-Oct. 2017,35 experts were selected for the first round of questionnaire consultation, and then the corresponding items were deleted, merged and added. Then the second round of questionnaire consultation was conducted. SPSS 20.0 software was used to input the data of the questionnaire and establish the database,and the experts' enthusiasm degree,the authority degree and opinion coordination degree were analyzed statistically.RESULTS:The positive coefficients of expert consultation in the first and second rounds of questionnaire consultation were 100%and 92.9%;the authority degrees of experts were 0.878 6 and 0.901 9;the coordination coefficients of experts were 0.298 and0.681,respectively. The evaluation standard for core competency of clinical pharmacists was established finally,involving 16 first-level indicators and 41 second-level indicators. The dimension of research ability contained 5 first-level indexes and 8 second-level indexes(3"extremely important"indexes in latter ones);the dimension of professional ability contained 5 first-level indexes and 21 second-level indexes(9"extremely important"indexes in latter ones);the dimension of comprehensive ability included 6 first-level indexes and 12 second-level indexes(4"extremely important"indexes in latter ones). CONCLUSIONS:The most important core competence of clinical pharmacists is professional competence, and the most important responsibility orientation and work assessment focus is to participate in clinical treatment of patients. Clinical pharmacists should pay attention to communication with medical staff and patients,and establish the concept of lifelong learning. The experts in this consultation and research are highly motivated and authoritative,and have good coordination of opinions. The core competence evaluation criteria can provide a basis for the training and evaluation of clinical pharmacists.
引文
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[2]丰连功.临床药师能力结构初探[J].中国药师,2008,11(11):1363-1364.
[3]王威.基于德尔菲法的应用型创新人才内涵特征实证研究[J].中国成人教育,2017(18):64-67.
[4]吴海凤,杨春发.构建基于胜任力模型的培养体系[J].企业管理,2017(12):24-25.
[5]刘秀娜.我国护理学博士研究生教育培养目标的探索性研究[D].重庆:第三军医大学,2012.
[6]王春枝,斯琴.德尔菲法中的数据统计处理方法及其应用研究[J].内蒙古财经学院学报(综合版),2011,9(4):92-96.
[7]柯惠新,黄京华,沈浩.调查研究中的统计分析法[M].北京:北京广播学院出版社,1996:351.
[8]曾光,李辉.现代流行病学方法与应用[M].北京:北京医科大学中国协和医科大学联合出版社,1994:255-259.
[9]樊长军,张馨,连宇江.等.基于德尔菲法的高校图书馆公共服务能力指标体系构建[J].情报杂志,2011(3):97-101.