倾斜煤层条带煤柱留设宽度统一解
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摘要
我国倾斜煤层可采储量占比较大,但至今鲜有针对倾斜煤层条带煤柱的计算方法。基于统一强度理论,考虑中间主应力、矸石支撑作用和煤层倾角的影响,建立倾斜煤层条带煤柱留设宽度的统一解,对其进行可比性分析与对比验证,探讨矸石的支撑作用和各参数的影响特性。研究结果表明:本文所得留设宽度统一解是一系列有序理论解答的集合,可退化为多种强度准则解答,并得到文献经验公式的验证,具有广泛的理论意义和工程应用前景;矸石支撑作用对浅埋煤层、煤层开采宽度较大时的影响较大,加以利用可提高煤层的采出率;留设宽度随煤层倾角的增加而减小,特别是煤层倾角大于10°时,当作水平煤层的设计将偏于保守;应合理考虑煤柱强度的中间主应力效应和煤层界面强度参数的变化。
Recoverable reserves of inclined coal seams account for a large proportion in China, but there are few calculation methods for inclined strip coal pillars. Based on the unified strength theory, the unified solution to remained width for strip coal pillars in an inclined coal seam is established taking the intermediate principal stress, gangue support as well as the dip angle of coal seam into consideration.Then the comparability analysis and comparison verification are carried out to discuss the support effect of gangue and the impact of each parameter. It is found that the obtained unified solution of remained width is a set of ordered theoretical results which can be degraded into multiple strength criterion solutions and verified by the empirical formula of the literature. And it has a wide theoretical significance and engineering application prospects. The support of gangue has a great influence on shallow coal seams and the coal seam with large mining width, which can be utilized to improve the recovery rate of coal seams. Moreover, the remained width decreases with the increase of the dip angle of the coal seam,and especially when the dip angle is more than 10°, the design of horizontal coal seams will be conservative; the intermediate principal stress effect and the change of interface strength parameters should be considered reasonably.
Recoverable reserves of inclined coal seams account for a large proportion in China, but there are few calculation methods for inclined strip coal pillars. Based on the unified strength theory, the unified solution to remained width for strip coal pillars in an inclined coal seam is established taking the intermediate principal stress, gangue support as well as the dip angle of coal seam into consideration.Then the comparability analysis and comparison verification are carried out to discuss the support effect of gangue and the impact of each parameter. It is found that the obtained unified solution of remained width is a set of ordered theoretical results which can be degraded into multiple strength criterion solutions and verified by the empirical formula of the literature. And it has a wide theoretical significance and engineering application prospects. The support of gangue has a great influence on shallow coal seams and the coal seam with large mining width, which can be utilized to improve the recovery rate of coal seams. Moreover, the remained width decreases with the increase of the dip angle of the coal seam,and especially when the dip angle is more than 10°, the design of horizontal coal seams will be conservative; the intermediate principal stress effect and the change of interface strength parameters should be considered reasonably.
引文
[1]杜计平,孟宪锐.采矿学[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2009:3-5.
[2]MORTAZAVI A,HASSANI F P,SHABANI M.Anumerical investigation of rock pillar failure mechanism in underground openings[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2009,36(5):691-697.
[3]罗斌玉,叶义成,胡南燕,等.基于应变能平衡的条带矿柱破裂宽度及其影响因素[J].金属矿山,2016,45(8):48-53.LUO Binyu,YE Yicheng,HU Nanyan,et al.Width of fractured zone of strip pillars based on the strain energy balance theory and its influencing factors[J].Metal Mine,2016,45(8):48-53.
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[8]孙元田,李桂臣,蔡胜海,等.基于统一强度理论煤柱尺寸研究及应用[J].煤矿安全,2016,47(1):196-199.SUN Yuantian,LI Guichen,CAI Shenghai,et al.Research and application of coal pillar size based on unified strength theory[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2016,47(1):196-199.
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[10]翟锦.倾斜煤层区段煤柱宽度留设研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2012.
[11]王旭春,黄福昌,张怀新,等.A.H.威尔逊煤柱设计公式探讨及改进[J].煤炭学报,2002,27(6):604-608.WANG Xuchun,HUANG Fuchang,ZHANG Huaixin,et al.Discussion and improvement for A.H.Wilson’s coal pillar design[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2002,27(6):604-608.
[12]余伟健,王卫军.矸石充填整体置换“三下”煤柱引起的岩层移动与二次稳定理论[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(1):105-112.YU Weijian,WANG Weijun.Strata movement induced by coal-pillar under three circumstances exchanged by gangue backfill and quadratic stability law[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(1):105-112.
[13]王朋飞,赵景礼,王志强,等.非充分采动采空区与煤岩柱(体)耦合作用机制及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(5):1185-1200.WANG Pengfei,ZHAO Jingli,WANG Zhiqiang,et al.Mechanism of gob-pillar interaction for subcritical panels and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(5):1185-1200.
[14]俞茂宏.岩土类材料的统一强度理论及其应用[J].岩土工程学报,1994,16(2):1-10.YU Maohong.Unified strength theory for geomaterials and its applications[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1994,16(2):1-10.
[15]俞茂宏.双剪理论及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1998:257-260.
[16]曾开华,鞠海燕,盛国君,等.巷道围岩弹塑性解析解及工程应用[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(5):752-755.ZENG Kaihua,JU Haiyan,SHENG Guojun,et al.Elastic-plastic analytical solutions for surrounding rocks of tunnels and its engineering applications[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(5):752-755.
[17]张常光,赵均海,张庆贺.基于统一强度理论的深埋圆形岩石隧道收敛限制分析[J].岩土工程学报,2012,34(1):110-114.ZHANG Changguang,ZHAO Junhai,ZHANG Qinghe.Convergence-confinement analysis of deep circular rock tunnels based on unified strength theory[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2012,34(1):110-114.
[18]ZHANG C G,ZHAO J H,ZHANG Q H,et al.A new closed-form solution for circular openings modeled by the Unified Strength Theory and radius-dependent Young’s modulus[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2012,42:118-128.
[19]吕永刚.基于极限平衡理论的大倾角区段的煤柱合理尺寸研究[J].山西煤炭,2014,34(5):51-53,69.LYU Yonggang.On reasonable pillar size at seams with deep dip angle on limit equilibrium theory[J].Shanxi Coal,2014,34(5):51-53,69.
[20]徐永圻.煤矿开采学[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1999:98-103.
[2]MORTAZAVI A,HASSANI F P,SHABANI M.Anumerical investigation of rock pillar failure mechanism in underground openings[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2009,36(5):691-697.
[3]罗斌玉,叶义成,胡南燕,等.基于应变能平衡的条带矿柱破裂宽度及其影响因素[J].金属矿山,2016,45(8):48-53.LUO Binyu,YE Yicheng,HU Nanyan,et al.Width of fractured zone of strip pillars based on the strain energy balance theory and its influencing factors[J].Metal Mine,2016,45(8):48-53.
[4]侯朝炯,马念杰.煤层巷道两帮煤体应力和极限平衡区的探讨[J].煤炭学报,1989,14(4):21-29.HOU Chaojiong,MA Nianjie.Stress in in-seam roadway sides and limit equilibrium zone[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1989,14(4):21-29.
[5]娄金福,蓝航,刘少虹,等.铜川矿区区段煤柱宽度优化研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2011,39(5):29-32.LOU Jinfu,LAN Hang,LIU Shaohong,et al.Optimization research on sectional coal pillar width in Tongchuan mining area[J].Coal Science and Technology,2011,39(5):29-32.
[6]SHEOREY P R,DAS M N,BORDIA S K,et al.Pillar strength approaches based on a new failure criterion for coal seams[J].International Journal of Mining and Geological Engineering,1986,4(4):273-290.
[7]郭力群,彭兴黔,蔡奇鹏.基于统一强度理论的条带煤柱设计[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(9):1563-1567.GUO Liqun,PENG Xingqian,CAI Qipeng.Design of strip coal pillar based on the unified strength theory[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(9):1563-1567.
[8]孙元田,李桂臣,蔡胜海,等.基于统一强度理论煤柱尺寸研究及应用[J].煤矿安全,2016,47(1):196-199.SUN Yuantian,LI Guichen,CAI Shenghai,et al.Research and application of coal pillar size based on unified strength theory[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2016,47(1):196-199.
[9]GAO W.Study on the width of the non-elastic zone in inclined coal pillar for strip mining[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2014,72:304-310.
[10]翟锦.倾斜煤层区段煤柱宽度留设研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2012.
[11]王旭春,黄福昌,张怀新,等.A.H.威尔逊煤柱设计公式探讨及改进[J].煤炭学报,2002,27(6):604-608.WANG Xuchun,HUANG Fuchang,ZHANG Huaixin,et al.Discussion and improvement for A.H.Wilson’s coal pillar design[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2002,27(6):604-608.
[12]余伟健,王卫军.矸石充填整体置换“三下”煤柱引起的岩层移动与二次稳定理论[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(1):105-112.YU Weijian,WANG Weijun.Strata movement induced by coal-pillar under three circumstances exchanged by gangue backfill and quadratic stability law[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(1):105-112.
[13]王朋飞,赵景礼,王志强,等.非充分采动采空区与煤岩柱(体)耦合作用机制及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(5):1185-1200.WANG Pengfei,ZHAO Jingli,WANG Zhiqiang,et al.Mechanism of gob-pillar interaction for subcritical panels and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(5):1185-1200.
[14]俞茂宏.岩土类材料的统一强度理论及其应用[J].岩土工程学报,1994,16(2):1-10.YU Maohong.Unified strength theory for geomaterials and its applications[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1994,16(2):1-10.
[15]俞茂宏.双剪理论及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1998:257-260.
[16]曾开华,鞠海燕,盛国君,等.巷道围岩弹塑性解析解及工程应用[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(5):752-755.ZENG Kaihua,JU Haiyan,SHENG Guojun,et al.Elastic-plastic analytical solutions for surrounding rocks of tunnels and its engineering applications[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(5):752-755.
[17]张常光,赵均海,张庆贺.基于统一强度理论的深埋圆形岩石隧道收敛限制分析[J].岩土工程学报,2012,34(1):110-114.ZHANG Changguang,ZHAO Junhai,ZHANG Qinghe.Convergence-confinement analysis of deep circular rock tunnels based on unified strength theory[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2012,34(1):110-114.
[18]ZHANG C G,ZHAO J H,ZHANG Q H,et al.A new closed-form solution for circular openings modeled by the Unified Strength Theory and radius-dependent Young’s modulus[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2012,42:118-128.
[19]吕永刚.基于极限平衡理论的大倾角区段的煤柱合理尺寸研究[J].山西煤炭,2014,34(5):51-53,69.LYU Yonggang.On reasonable pillar size at seams with deep dip angle on limit equilibrium theory[J].Shanxi Coal,2014,34(5):51-53,69.
[20]徐永圻.煤矿开采学[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1999:98-103.