作为公共空间与公共领域的图书馆——以俄罗斯顿河公共图书馆为例
|
摘要
公共图书馆是城市中重要的文化和社会空间。除作为文化传承和信息传播的空间外,公共图书馆的独特之处在于其具有"公共性","公共性"蕴藏和释放出的自由、平等、开放和包容的价值观对当代社会弥足珍贵。本文以俄罗斯顿河图书馆为例,通过公共空间和公共领域两个维度来探讨公共图书馆所具有的"公共性",以期深入理解公共图书馆所具有的社会、政治功能和时代价值。顿河图书馆的案例为我们提供了考察俄罗斯社会转型的有益视角。苏联解体以来,俄罗斯图书馆经历了从大众图书馆到公共图书馆的转变,这是整个俄罗斯社会转型的表征。告别了书报检查制度和意识形态控制之后,俄罗斯公共图书馆成为了推动思想启蒙、兼容各种社会思潮、激励政治参与和自由交流,最终达致社会团结的公共空间和公共领域。
Public library represents one of the most important cultural and social spaces in the city. As the public space that inherits culture and disseminates information, public library also has the unique character of publicness, which contains and releases the values of liberty, equality,openness and inclusive that are precious to our contemporary society. Taking the library of Rostov on Don as example, the study aiming to understand the social and political functions of the public library as well as the values of our era, discusses the publicness of public library from the perspective of public space and public sphere. This example provides a beneficial perspective for exploring the social transformation of Russia. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the people's libraries transform to the public ones, which reflects the transformation of the whole Russian society. After getting rid of the censorship system and the ideological control, the public library in Russia becomes public space and public sphere to promote enlightenment, to include various enthos, and to encourage political participation and unrestrained communication, in order to achieve solidarity of the society.
Public library represents one of the most important cultural and social spaces in the city. As the public space that inherits culture and disseminates information, public library also has the unique character of publicness, which contains and releases the values of liberty, equality,openness and inclusive that are precious to our contemporary society. Taking the library of Rostov on Don as example, the study aiming to understand the social and political functions of the public library as well as the values of our era, discusses the publicness of public library from the perspective of public space and public sphere. This example provides a beneficial perspective for exploring the social transformation of Russia. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the people's libraries transform to the public ones, which reflects the transformation of the whole Russian society. After getting rid of the censorship system and the ideological control, the public library in Russia becomes public space and public sphere to promote enlightenment, to include various enthos, and to encourage political participation and unrestrained communication, in order to achieve solidarity of the society.
引文
[1]《中华人民共和国公共图书馆法》第一章第二条[OL].http://www.npc.gov.cn/npc/xinwen/2017-11/04/content_2031427.htm.
[2]国际图书联盟/联合国教科文组织《公共图书馆宣言>[OL].https://www.ifla.org/publications/iflaunesco-public-library-manifesto-1994.[2019-01-22].
[3]Michael Gorman, Our Enduring Values:Librarianship in the21st Century[M].Chicago:American Library Association,2000.p.26-27.
[4]■
[5]■
[6]■
[7]■
[8]Nadai L. Discourses of Urban Public Space,USA 1960-1995a historical critique[D].ColumbiaUniversity,2000.
[9]Carr S. Public Space[M]. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1992, p. 177.
[10]■
[11]■
[12]■
[13]陈勋武.哈贝马斯评传[M].广州:中山大学出版社,2008:64.
[14]JügenHabermas,The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere[M].Cambridge:The MIT Press, 1991:49-51.
[15]哈贝马斯.公共空间与政治公共领域——我的两个思想主题的生活历史根源[J].哲学动态,2009,(6):5-10.
[16]Young M I.The Ideal of Community and the Politics of Difference[J]. Social Theory and Practice, 1986,(12):1-26.
[17]陈竹,叶珉.什么是真正的公共空间?——西方城市公共空间理论与空间公共性的判定[J].国际城市规划,2009(3):44-53.
(1)截止到2017年1月1日,馆藏图书547.8万册.
(2)图书馆总面积为19679平方米,其中,用于藏书的面积为6423平方米,用于服务读书的面积为4909平方米.为读者提供的座位共1154个,其中有电脑可以查询网络资源的座位84个,能使用无线网络的座位555个.
(3)近年以来,顿河公共图书馆接待读者的数量逐年上升:2014年为71.2万人次;2015年为76.5万人次;2016年为82.2万人次.
(4)2007年,顿河图书馆正式定名为罗斯托夫州国家文化事业单位“顿河国立公共图书馆”,该名称沿用至今.
(5)克里斯蒂娜·米昆达提出的城市中的“第三空间”,第一空间是居住场所,第二空间是工作场所,第三空间是情感精神之所,如图书馆、咖啡馆、公园等.沈栖.城市的“第三空间”[J].国际市场,2008(4):70-71.
(6)该项目是普京在全俄人民阵线全国论坛(2016年1月25日)上委托全俄人民阵线完成的任务之一.
[2]国际图书联盟/联合国教科文组织《公共图书馆宣言>[OL].https://www.ifla.org/publications/iflaunesco-public-library-manifesto-1994.[2019-01-22].
[3]Michael Gorman, Our Enduring Values:Librarianship in the21st Century[M].Chicago:American Library Association,2000.p.26-27.
[4]■
[5]■
[6]■
[7]■
[8]Nadai L. Discourses of Urban Public Space,USA 1960-1995a historical critique[D].ColumbiaUniversity,2000.
[9]Carr S. Public Space[M]. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1992, p. 177.
[10]■
[11]■
[12]■
[13]陈勋武.哈贝马斯评传[M].广州:中山大学出版社,2008:64.
[14]JügenHabermas,The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere[M].Cambridge:The MIT Press, 1991:49-51.
[15]哈贝马斯.公共空间与政治公共领域——我的两个思想主题的生活历史根源[J].哲学动态,2009,(6):5-10.
[16]Young M I.The Ideal of Community and the Politics of Difference[J]. Social Theory and Practice, 1986,(12):1-26.
[17]陈竹,叶珉.什么是真正的公共空间?——西方城市公共空间理论与空间公共性的判定[J].国际城市规划,2009(3):44-53.
(1)截止到2017年1月1日,馆藏图书547.8万册.
(2)图书馆总面积为19679平方米,其中,用于藏书的面积为6423平方米,用于服务读书的面积为4909平方米.为读者提供的座位共1154个,其中有电脑可以查询网络资源的座位84个,能使用无线网络的座位555个.
(3)近年以来,顿河公共图书馆接待读者的数量逐年上升:2014年为71.2万人次;2015年为76.5万人次;2016年为82.2万人次.
(4)2007年,顿河图书馆正式定名为罗斯托夫州国家文化事业单位“顿河国立公共图书馆”,该名称沿用至今.
(5)克里斯蒂娜·米昆达提出的城市中的“第三空间”,第一空间是居住场所,第二空间是工作场所,第三空间是情感精神之所,如图书馆、咖啡馆、公园等.沈栖.城市的“第三空间”[J].国际市场,2008(4):70-71.
(6)该项目是普京在全俄人民阵线全国论坛(2016年1月25日)上委托全俄人民阵线完成的任务之一.