农机社会化服务与农地转入:来自小规模稻农的实证
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摘要
基于农业生产诱致性技术变迁理论,以1 080户小规模农户为研究样本,分析农机社会化服务对农户农地转入的影响机理。结果表明:农机社会化服务购买较为普遍,但不同环节存在较大差异,整地和收割环节农机服务的使用率较高,插秧和烘干环节农机服务的使用率较低;农机社会化服务购买已成为影响农户农地转入行为的关键因素,尤其是整地和收割环节;插秧和烘干环节对农户转入农地影响不大,对农业劳动力的替代作用不明显;家庭经济特征对农户转入农地影响较为显著,且随着家庭收入水平和农业收入占比的逐渐提高,农户扩大农业经营的意愿逐渐增大;而家庭人口结构、承包地特征和个体特征对农户农地转入行为的影响相对较小。此外,家庭劳动力能力对农户农地转入行为具有关键作用,劳动力老龄化与健康状况下降是制约农户扩大经营规模的重要因素。
Based on the theory of induced technological change in agricultural production,this paper takes1 080 small-scale peasant households as the research sample to analyze the impact mechanism of the agricultural machinery socialization services on farmers' agricultural land transfer.The research results show that: The purchase of agricultural machinery socialization services is more common,but there are large differences in the links,the use rate of agricultural machinery services in the land preparation and harvesting stages is higher,while that in the transplanting and drying sectors is lower,the substitution effect on the agricultural labor force is not obvious.The purchase of agricultural machinery socialization services has become a key factor affecting the transfer of farmer's agricultural land.In particularly,the purchase of land preparation and harvesting services,which has replaced the agricultural labor force,especially the heavy physical labor,the transplanting and drying links have little effect on the transfer of farmers agricultural land.The family economic characteristics have a significant impact on the transfer of farmers agricultural land,and with the gradual increase of family income level and the proportion of agricultural income,the willingness of farmers to expand agricultural management is gradually increasing.However,the household demographic structure,contracted land characteristics and individual characteristics have relatively little impact on farmers' agricultural transfer.In addition,the ability of family labor force plays a key role in farmers' agricultural transfer,and the aging of labor force and the decline of health status are important factors on restricting farmers' expansion of business scale.
Based on the theory of induced technological change in agricultural production,this paper takes1 080 small-scale peasant households as the research sample to analyze the impact mechanism of the agricultural machinery socialization services on farmers' agricultural land transfer.The research results show that: The purchase of agricultural machinery socialization services is more common,but there are large differences in the links,the use rate of agricultural machinery services in the land preparation and harvesting stages is higher,while that in the transplanting and drying sectors is lower,the substitution effect on the agricultural labor force is not obvious.The purchase of agricultural machinery socialization services has become a key factor affecting the transfer of farmer's agricultural land.In particularly,the purchase of land preparation and harvesting services,which has replaced the agricultural labor force,especially the heavy physical labor,the transplanting and drying links have little effect on the transfer of farmers agricultural land.The family economic characteristics have a significant impact on the transfer of farmers agricultural land,and with the gradual increase of family income level and the proportion of agricultural income,the willingness of farmers to expand agricultural management is gradually increasing.However,the household demographic structure,contracted land characteristics and individual characteristics have relatively little impact on farmers' agricultural transfer.In addition,the ability of family labor force plays a key role in farmers' agricultural transfer,and the aging of labor force and the decline of health status are important factors on restricting farmers' expansion of business scale.
引文
[1]张红宇.实现小农户和现代农业发展有机衔接[J].中国乡村发现,2018(3):56-59.
[2]屈冬玉.以信息加快推进小农现代化[N].人民日报,2017-06-05(7).
[3]何凌霄,南永清,张忠根.老龄化、社会网络与家庭农业经营———来自CFPS的证据[J].经济评论,2016(2):85-97.
[4]田孟,贺雪峰.中国的农地细碎化及其治理之道[J].江西财经大学学报,2015(2):88-96.
[5]DEMIR I.The firm size,farm size,and transaction costs:The case of hazelnut farms in Turkey[J].Agricultural Economics,2016,47(1):81-90.
[6]KHAN H,SAEED I.Measurement of technical,allocative and economic efficiency of tomato farms in Northern Pakistan[J].Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology,2012(2):1080-1090.
[7]孔祥智.健全农业社会化服务体系实现小农户和现代农业发展有机衔接[J].农业经济与管理,2017(5):20-22.
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[9]徐鲜梅.农村土地流转模式比较研究[J].农村经济,2015(2):24-30.
[10]黄贤金,方鹏.我国农村土地流转的形成机理、运行方式及制度规范研究[J].江苏社会科学,2002(2):48-54.
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[12]包宗顺,徐志明,高珊,等.农村土地流转的区域差异与影响因素———以江苏省为例[J].中国农村经济,2009(4):23-30,47.
[13]闫小欢,霍学喜.农民就业、农村社会保障和土地流转———基于河南省479个农户调查的分析[J].农业技术经济,2013(7):34-44.
[14]张忠明,钱文荣.不同兼业程度下的农户土地流转意愿研究———基于浙江的调查与实证[J].农业经济问题,2014,35(3):19-24,110.
[15]罗必良,汪沙,李尚蒲.交易费用、农户认知与农地流转———来自广东省的农户问卷调查[J].农业技术经济,2012(1):11-21.
[16]秦光远,谭淑豪.农户风险认知对其土地流转意愿的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2013,13(4):61-67.
[17]田欧南,韩星焕,郭庆海.吉林省农村土地不同流入主体流转行为影响因素的实证分析[J].吉林农业大学学报,2012,34(5):584-590.
[18]陈浩,王佳.社会资本能促进土地流转吗?———基于中国家庭追踪调查的研究[J].中南财经政法大学学报,2016(1):21-29+158-159.
[19]宋海英,姜长云.农户对农机社会化服务的选择研究———基于8省份小麦种植户的问卷调查[J].农业技术经济,2015(9):27-36.
[20]许锦英.发展农机服务组织的战略意义与对策建议[J].中国农机化,2007(6):10-13.
[21]罗明忠,陈江华,唐超.农业生产要素配置与农机社会化服务供给行为———以水稻劳动密集型环节为例[J].江苏大学学报(社会科学版),2019,21(1):35-43,56.
[22]曾雅婷,JIN Yanhong,吕亚荣.农户劳动力禀赋、农地规模与农机社会化服务采纳行为分析———来自豫鲁冀的证据[J].农业现代化研究,2017,38(6):955-962.
[23]姜松,曹峥林,刘晗.农业社会化服务对土地适度规模经营影响及比较研究———基于CHIP微观数据的实证[J].农业技术经济,2016(11):4-13.
[24]蔡键,邵爽,刘文勇.土地流转与农业机械应用关系研究———基于河北、河南、山东三省的玉米机械化收割的分析[J].上海经济研究,2016(12):89-96.
[25]钱文荣,郑黎义.劳动力外出务工对农户农业生产的影响———研究现状与展望[J].中国农村观察,2011(1):31-38.
[26]吴丽丽,李谷成,周晓时.要素禀赋变化与中国农业增长路径选择[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015,25(8):144-152.
[27]HAYAMI Y,RUTTAN V W.Factor prices and technical change in agricultural development:The United States and Japan,1880—1960[J].The Journal of Political Economy,1970,78(5):1115-1141.
[28]焦长权,董磊明.从“过密化”到“机械化”:中国农业机械化革命的历程、动力和影响(1980—2015年)[J].管理世界,2018,34(10):173-190.
[29]曹阳,胡继亮.中国土地家庭承包制度下的农业机械化———基于中国17省(区、市)的调查数据[J].中国农村经济,2010(10):57-65.
[30]PINGALI P.Agricultural mechanization:Adoption patterns and economic impact[J].Handbook of Agricultural Economics,2007,3(6):2779-2805.
[31]宗锦耀,刘宪,李斯华,等.新的探索新的跨越———中国改革开放三十年中的农业机械化[J].中国农机化,2008(6):3-15.
[32]刘涛,曲福田,金晶,等.土地细碎化、土地流转对农户土地利用效率的影响[J].资源科学,2008(10):1511-1516.
[33]陈强.高级计量经济学及Stata应用[M].2版.北京:高等教育出版社,2014:123-124.
[34]林善浪,张丽华.农村土地转入意愿和转出意愿的影响因素分析———基于福建农村的调查[J].财贸研究,2009,20(4):35-41.
[35]郭斌,原敏学.农户转入农地行为的制约因素研究[J].广东农业科学,2012,39(1):207-211.
[36]陈锡文.加快推进农业供给侧结构性改革促进我国农业转型升级[J].农业网络信息,2017(7):2-6.
[2]屈冬玉.以信息加快推进小农现代化[N].人民日报,2017-06-05(7).
[3]何凌霄,南永清,张忠根.老龄化、社会网络与家庭农业经营———来自CFPS的证据[J].经济评论,2016(2):85-97.
[4]田孟,贺雪峰.中国的农地细碎化及其治理之道[J].江西财经大学学报,2015(2):88-96.
[5]DEMIR I.The firm size,farm size,and transaction costs:The case of hazelnut farms in Turkey[J].Agricultural Economics,2016,47(1):81-90.
[6]KHAN H,SAEED I.Measurement of technical,allocative and economic efficiency of tomato farms in Northern Pakistan[J].Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology,2012(2):1080-1090.
[7]孔祥智.健全农业社会化服务体系实现小农户和现代农业发展有机衔接[J].农业经济与管理,2017(5):20-22.
[8]程令国,张晔,刘志彪.农地确权促进了中国农村土地的流转吗?[J].管理世界,2016(1):88-98.
[9]徐鲜梅.农村土地流转模式比较研究[J].农村经济,2015(2):24-30.
[10]黄贤金,方鹏.我国农村土地流转的形成机理、运行方式及制度规范研究[J].江苏社会科学,2002(2):48-54.
[11]洪名勇,关海霞.农户土地流转行为及影响因素分析[J].经济问题,2012(08):72-77.
[12]包宗顺,徐志明,高珊,等.农村土地流转的区域差异与影响因素———以江苏省为例[J].中国农村经济,2009(4):23-30,47.
[13]闫小欢,霍学喜.农民就业、农村社会保障和土地流转———基于河南省479个农户调查的分析[J].农业技术经济,2013(7):34-44.
[14]张忠明,钱文荣.不同兼业程度下的农户土地流转意愿研究———基于浙江的调查与实证[J].农业经济问题,2014,35(3):19-24,110.
[15]罗必良,汪沙,李尚蒲.交易费用、农户认知与农地流转———来自广东省的农户问卷调查[J].农业技术经济,2012(1):11-21.
[16]秦光远,谭淑豪.农户风险认知对其土地流转意愿的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2013,13(4):61-67.
[17]田欧南,韩星焕,郭庆海.吉林省农村土地不同流入主体流转行为影响因素的实证分析[J].吉林农业大学学报,2012,34(5):584-590.
[18]陈浩,王佳.社会资本能促进土地流转吗?———基于中国家庭追踪调查的研究[J].中南财经政法大学学报,2016(1):21-29+158-159.
[19]宋海英,姜长云.农户对农机社会化服务的选择研究———基于8省份小麦种植户的问卷调查[J].农业技术经济,2015(9):27-36.
[20]许锦英.发展农机服务组织的战略意义与对策建议[J].中国农机化,2007(6):10-13.
[21]罗明忠,陈江华,唐超.农业生产要素配置与农机社会化服务供给行为———以水稻劳动密集型环节为例[J].江苏大学学报(社会科学版),2019,21(1):35-43,56.
[22]曾雅婷,JIN Yanhong,吕亚荣.农户劳动力禀赋、农地规模与农机社会化服务采纳行为分析———来自豫鲁冀的证据[J].农业现代化研究,2017,38(6):955-962.
[23]姜松,曹峥林,刘晗.农业社会化服务对土地适度规模经营影响及比较研究———基于CHIP微观数据的实证[J].农业技术经济,2016(11):4-13.
[24]蔡键,邵爽,刘文勇.土地流转与农业机械应用关系研究———基于河北、河南、山东三省的玉米机械化收割的分析[J].上海经济研究,2016(12):89-96.
[25]钱文荣,郑黎义.劳动力外出务工对农户农业生产的影响———研究现状与展望[J].中国农村观察,2011(1):31-38.
[26]吴丽丽,李谷成,周晓时.要素禀赋变化与中国农业增长路径选择[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015,25(8):144-152.
[27]HAYAMI Y,RUTTAN V W.Factor prices and technical change in agricultural development:The United States and Japan,1880—1960[J].The Journal of Political Economy,1970,78(5):1115-1141.
[28]焦长权,董磊明.从“过密化”到“机械化”:中国农业机械化革命的历程、动力和影响(1980—2015年)[J].管理世界,2018,34(10):173-190.
[29]曹阳,胡继亮.中国土地家庭承包制度下的农业机械化———基于中国17省(区、市)的调查数据[J].中国农村经济,2010(10):57-65.
[30]PINGALI P.Agricultural mechanization:Adoption patterns and economic impact[J].Handbook of Agricultural Economics,2007,3(6):2779-2805.
[31]宗锦耀,刘宪,李斯华,等.新的探索新的跨越———中国改革开放三十年中的农业机械化[J].中国农机化,2008(6):3-15.
[32]刘涛,曲福田,金晶,等.土地细碎化、土地流转对农户土地利用效率的影响[J].资源科学,2008(10):1511-1516.
[33]陈强.高级计量经济学及Stata应用[M].2版.北京:高等教育出版社,2014:123-124.
[34]林善浪,张丽华.农村土地转入意愿和转出意愿的影响因素分析———基于福建农村的调查[J].财贸研究,2009,20(4):35-41.
[35]郭斌,原敏学.农户转入农地行为的制约因素研究[J].广东农业科学,2012,39(1):207-211.
[36]陈锡文.加快推进农业供给侧结构性改革促进我国农业转型升级[J].农业网络信息,2017(7):2-6.