基于δ~(15)N、δ~(18)O及质量平衡混合模型对浑河沈抚段氮素溯源研究
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摘要
目的研究浑河流域沈抚段氮污染现状,分析区域内氮污染来源,并估算其贡献率,实现准确追踪和定量外来性氮的目的,从而更好控制进入浑河流域的氮负荷.方法应用氮、氧同位素技术结合质量平衡混合模型,以浑河流域沈抚段地表水作为研究对象,分三个水期对研究区域内的水体样品和周边主要污染源样品进行采集及检测分析,并通过质量平衡混合模型对区域内几个重要端元的贡献率进行定量化估算.结果在枯水期、平水期、丰水期,水体样品中δ~(15)N值分布范围分别为0.231%~1.511%、0.102%~1.364%、0.309%~1.788%,δ~(18)O值分布范围分别为-0.343%~0.766%、-0.526%~0.404%、-0.461%~0.838%;综合污水、农业化肥和大气降水对氮污染的贡献率分布范围分别为12%~83%、4%~76%和2%~22%.结论浑河流域沈抚段大部分水域氨氮和总氮超出地表水Ⅳ类标准的限值,氮污染严重.干流水体氮污染源主要来自周边综合污水的排放,其次来自化学肥料的淋洗和大气降水.
This paper studies the current situation of nitrogen pollution in Shenfu section of Hunhe River basin,analyzes the source of nitrogen pollution in the area and estimates its contribution rate,and realizes the purpose of tracking and quantifying the external nitrogen accurately,so as to better control the nitrogen load into the Hunhe River basin.The method uses nitrogen and oxygen isotope techniques combined with the mass balance model,the surface water of Shenfu section inHunhe River Basin was used as the object of study.The water samples and the main pollution sources samples in the study area were collected and tested in three water periods.And the contribution rate of several important end elements in the region was quantitatively estimated by the mass balance hybrid model.The distribution range of δ~(15)N in the water samples was 0.231% ~ 1.511%,0.102% ~ 1.364%,0.309% ~ 1.788%,and the distributions of δ~(18)O were-0.343% ~ 0.766%,-0.526% ~ 0.404% 、-0.461% ~ 0.838%,respectively,in the dry season,normal season,and wet season.The distribution rate of integrated wastewater,agricultural fertilizers and atmospheric precipitation to nitrogen pollution is 12% ~ 83%,4% ~ 76% and 2% ~ 22% respectively,and the distribution rate of nitrogen pollution is about 12% ~ 83% 、4% ~ 76% 和 2% ~ 22%.The ammonia-nitrogen and total-nitrogen pollution in the water of the Shenfu section of the Hunhe River basin are much higher than that of the surface water Ⅳ,and the nitrogen pollution is mainly from the surrounding integrated wastewater discharge,followed by the leaching and precipitation of chemical fertilizers.
This paper studies the current situation of nitrogen pollution in Shenfu section of Hunhe River basin,analyzes the source of nitrogen pollution in the area and estimates its contribution rate,and realizes the purpose of tracking and quantifying the external nitrogen accurately,so as to better control the nitrogen load into the Hunhe River basin.The method uses nitrogen and oxygen isotope techniques combined with the mass balance model,the surface water of Shenfu section inHunhe River Basin was used as the object of study.The water samples and the main pollution sources samples in the study area were collected and tested in three water periods.And the contribution rate of several important end elements in the region was quantitatively estimated by the mass balance hybrid model.The distribution range of δ~(15)N in the water samples was 0.231% ~ 1.511%,0.102% ~ 1.364%,0.309% ~ 1.788%,and the distributions of δ~(18)O were-0.343% ~ 0.766%,-0.526% ~ 0.404% 、-0.461% ~ 0.838%,respectively,in the dry season,normal season,and wet season.The distribution rate of integrated wastewater,agricultural fertilizers and atmospheric precipitation to nitrogen pollution is 12% ~ 83%,4% ~ 76% and 2% ~ 22% respectively,and the distribution rate of nitrogen pollution is about 12% ~ 83% 、4% ~ 76% 和 2% ~ 22%.The ammonia-nitrogen and total-nitrogen pollution in the water of the Shenfu section of the Hunhe River basin are much higher than that of the surface water Ⅳ,and the nitrogen pollution is mainly from the surrounding integrated wastewater discharge,followed by the leaching and precipitation of chemical fertilizers.
引文
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[19]PENG T S,LU W C,CHEN K Y,et al.Groundw ater-recharge connectivity betw een a hills-and-plains'area of w estern Taiw an using w ater isotopes and electrical conductivity[J].Journal of hydrology,2014,517(1/4):226-235.
[20]刘建,刘丹.基于稳定环境同位素质量平衡模型的隧道涌水来源识别[J].现代隧道技术,2015,52(6):106-110.(LIU Jian,LIU Dan.Source identification of tunnel w ater gushing based on stable environmental isotope mass balance model[J].M odern tunnel technology,2015,52(6):106-110.)
[2]卢抒怿.辽河流域重金属污染分析及风险评价[D].北京:北京交通大学,2014.(LU Shuyi.Pollution analysis and risk assessment of heavy metals in Liaohe river basin[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2014.)
[3]郑斌.中国城市群环境合作机制构建研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2008.(ZHENG Bin.Study on the construction of environmental cooperation mechanism of urban agglomeration in China[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2008.)
[4]袁雅姝,方珍,傅金祥.浑河流域沈抚段枯水期氮污染特征研究[J].沈阳建筑大学学报(自然科学版),2016,32(4):726-736.(YUAN Yashu,FANG Zhen,FU Jinxiang.Characteristics of nitrogen pollution in Shen Fu section of Hunhe river basin during dry season[J].Journal of Shenyang construction university(natural science),2016,32(4):726-736.)
[5]张俊萍.利用N.O同位素技术研究太鬲运河中氮的分布特征及来源[D].淮南:安徽理工大学,2015.(ZHANG Junping.The distribution characteristics and sources of N.O isotopes of nitrogen in Tai Li canal[D].Huainan:Anhui University of Science And Technology,2015.)
[6]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.(State Environmental Protection Administration.Water and w astew ater monitoring and a-nalysis[M].Bingjing:Environmental&Science,2002.)
[7]付丹.黄河兰州段水体磷素(P)污染水平及其传输通量的研究[D].兰州:兰州理工学,2008.(FU Dan.Study on phosphorus(P)pollution level and its transport flux in Lanzhou section of the Yellow River[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University of Technology,2008.)
[8]XUE D,BOTTE M,BAETS J,et al.Present limitations and future prospects of stable isotope methods for nitrate source identification in surface and ground w ater[J].Water research2009,43(5):1159-1170.
[9]LEE K S,BONG Y S.Tracing the sources of nitrate in the Han river w atersheds in Korea,usingδ15N-NO-3 andδ18O-NO-3 values[J].Science of the total environment,2008,395(2/3):117-124.
[10]蔡晔,林怡雯.利用改进的内梅罗指数法模型评价苏州市内外城河水质[J].化学分析计量,2015(2):84-87.(CAI Ye,LIN Yiwen.Suzhou city river water quality evaluation and using the Nemero index method improved model[J].Chemical analysis and measurement,2015(2):84-87.)
[11]VIVIANA R,ELISA S,ENRICO A.The use of nitrate to identify contamination sources in the Bou-Areg aquifer[J].Earth and planetary science,2013(7):729-732.
[12]YANG Y Y,TOOR G S.δ15N andδ18O reveal the sources of nitrate-nitrogen in urban residential storm w ater runoff[J].Enviromental science&technology,2016,50(6):2881-2889.
[13]陈凌霄.水化学和氮同位素结合的方法评价西湖水质、预测氮污染源并估算污染物入湖通量[D].杭州:浙江工业大学,2014.(CHEN Lingxiao.Evaluation of water quality in West Lake,prediction of nitrogen pollution sources and estimation of pollutant inflow into lake by w ater chemistry and nitrogen isotope combination method[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University of Technology,2014.)
[14]CHEN Zixiang,LIU Guang,LIU Weiguo,et al.Identification of nitrate sources in Taihu lake and its major inflow rivers in China,usingδ15NNO3-和δ18O-NO3-values[J].Water science&technology,2016,66(3):536-542.
[15]贺晓蕾,张彦.同位素示踪技术在环境领域中的应用研究[J].环境科技,2011,24(5):70-73.(HE Xiaolei,ZHANG Yan.Application of isotope tracer technique in environmental field[J].Environmental science&technology,2011,24(5):70-73.)
[16]PENG T R,WANG C H,SU S M,et al.Identification of groundw ater sources of a local-scale creep slope:using environmental stable isotopes as tracers[J].Journal of hydrology,2010,381(1/2):151-157.
[17]MAURYA A S,SHAHL M,DESHPANDE R D,et al.Hydrograph separation and precipitation source identification using stable w ater isotopes and conductivity:river Ganga at Himalayan foothills[J].Hydrological processes,2011,25(10):1521-1530.
[18]VANDERZALM J L,JEUKEN B M,WISCHUSEN J D H,et al.Recharge sources and hydrogeo chemical evolution of groundw ater in alluvial basins in arid central Australia[J].Journal of hydrology,2011,397(1/2):71-82.
[19]PENG T S,LU W C,CHEN K Y,et al.Groundw ater-recharge connectivity betw een a hills-and-plains'area of w estern Taiw an using w ater isotopes and electrical conductivity[J].Journal of hydrology,2014,517(1/4):226-235.
[20]刘建,刘丹.基于稳定环境同位素质量平衡模型的隧道涌水来源识别[J].现代隧道技术,2015,52(6):106-110.(LIU Jian,LIU Dan.Source identification of tunnel w ater gushing based on stable environmental isotope mass balance model[J].M odern tunnel technology,2015,52(6):106-110.)