认知方式对老年人完成前瞻记忆任务的影响
摘要
目的探讨认知方式对老年人完成前瞻记忆任务的影响。方法运用镶嵌图形测验和简易智力状况检查(MMSE)问卷筛选出认知能力无显著差异的场独立和场依存的老年被试者,并采用两种双任务及事件相关电位(ERPS)技术对其进行探讨。结果在图片任务中,两者的行为数据无显著差异;但在stroop任务中,场独立老年被试者的反应时成绩优于场依存被试者(t=-2.532,P=0.02)。这种差异在ERPs上主要体现为两组前瞻记忆任务线索出现后的270～320 ms(图片任务)和400～600 ms(stroop任务)的脑电图有显著差异。结论在靶线索发现前后,不同认知风格老年人均表现了出显著的差异。
引文
1 杨治良,郭力平.认知风格的研究进展[J].心理科学,2001;24(3):326-9.
2 Witkin HA,Goodenough DR.Cognitive styles:essence and origins.Field dependence and field independence[J].Psychol Iss,1981;51(51):1-141.
3 Guisande MA,Páramo MF,Finajero C,et al.Field dependence-independence (FDI) cognitive style:an analysis of attentional functioning[J].Psicothema,2007;19(4):572-7.
4 Jia S,Zhang Q,Li S.Field dependence-independence modulates the efficiency of filtering out irrelevant information in a visual working memory task[J].Neuroscience,2014;278(15):136-43.
5 Meng X,Mao W,Sun W,et al.Event-related potentials in adolescents with different cognitive styles:field dependence and field independence[J].Experiment Brain Res,2012;216(2):231-41.
6 Davis JK,Frank BM.Learning and memory of field independent-dependent individuals[J].J Res Personal,1979;13(4):469-79.
7 李力红,赵秋玲,张德臣.外显、内隐记忆与场依存一场独立认知风格关系的实验研究[J].心理科学,2002;25(5):614-5.
8 唐艳.认知风格对视觉工作记忆的影响[D].杭州:浙江大学,2015.
9 董立达.认知方式、注意水平对前瞻记忆的影响——基于任务类型和TAP效应的研究[D].济南:山东师范大学,2007.
10 Egly DG,Wescourt KT.Cognitive style,categorization,and vocational effectss on performance of REL database users[J].Acm Sigsoc Bull,1981;13(2-3):91-7.
11 Frias-Martinez E,Chen SY,Liu X.Investigation of behavior and perception of digital library users:a cognitive style perspective[J].Int J Inform Manag,2008;28(5):355-65.
12 Kinley K,Tjondronegoro DW.The impact of users′ cognitive style on their navigational behaviors in web searching[C].Melbourne:Proceedings of 15th Australasian document computing symposium (ADCS),2010:68-75.
13 Lee MW,Chen SY,Chrysostomou K,et al.Mining students′ behavior in web-based learning programs[J].Exp Syst Applicat,2009;36(2):3459-64.
14 张智君,任衍具,朱伟.导航线路和个体认知风格对超文本搜索绩效的影响[J].应用心理学,2003;9(2):16-20.
15 Maylor EA.Age and prospective memory[J].Q J Exp Psychol,1990;42(3):471.
16 Shallice T,Burgess PW.Deficits in strategy application following frontal lobe damage in man[J].Brain,1991;114(2):727-41.
17 李寿欣,董立达,宫大志.注意状态、认知方式与前瞻记忆的TAP效应[J].心理学报,2008;40(11):1149-57.
18 李寿欣,宋艳春.不同认知方式中小学生的前瞻记忆的研究[J].心理发展与教育,2006;22(2):18-22.
19 West R,Herndon RW,Crewdson SJ.Neural activity associated with the realization of a delayed intention[J].Brain Res Cogn Brain Res,2001;12(1):1-9.
20 West R,Bowry R.Effects of aging and working memory demands on prospective memory[J].Psychophysiology,2010;42(6):698-712.
21 West R,Bowry R,Krompinger J.The effects of working memory demands on the neural correlates of prospective memory[J].Neuropsychologia,2006;44(2):197-207.
22 Einstein GO,Mcdaniel MA,Thomas R,et al.Multiple processes in prospective memory retrieval:factors determining monitoring versus spontaneous retrieval[J].J Exp Psychol Gen,2005;134(3):327-42.
23 Penningroth SL.Effects of attentional demand,cue typicality,and priming on an event-based prospective memory task[J].Appl Cognit Psychol,2010;19(7):885-97.
24 Cherry KE,Martin RC,Simmons-D′Gerolamo SS,et al.Prospective remembering in younger and older adults:role of the prospective cue[J].Memory,2001;9(3):177-93.
25 彭聃龄.普通心理学[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2004:512-3.
2 Witkin HA,Goodenough DR.Cognitive styles:essence and origins.Field dependence and field independence[J].Psychol Iss,1981;51(51):1-141.
3 Guisande MA,Páramo MF,Finajero C,et al.Field dependence-independence (FDI) cognitive style:an analysis of attentional functioning[J].Psicothema,2007;19(4):572-7.
4 Jia S,Zhang Q,Li S.Field dependence-independence modulates the efficiency of filtering out irrelevant information in a visual working memory task[J].Neuroscience,2014;278(15):136-43.
5 Meng X,Mao W,Sun W,et al.Event-related potentials in adolescents with different cognitive styles:field dependence and field independence[J].Experiment Brain Res,2012;216(2):231-41.
6 Davis JK,Frank BM.Learning and memory of field independent-dependent individuals[J].J Res Personal,1979;13(4):469-79.
7 李力红,赵秋玲,张德臣.外显、内隐记忆与场依存一场独立认知风格关系的实验研究[J].心理科学,2002;25(5):614-5.
8 唐艳.认知风格对视觉工作记忆的影响[D].杭州:浙江大学,2015.
9 董立达.认知方式、注意水平对前瞻记忆的影响——基于任务类型和TAP效应的研究[D].济南:山东师范大学,2007.
10 Egly DG,Wescourt KT.Cognitive style,categorization,and vocational effectss on performance of REL database users[J].Acm Sigsoc Bull,1981;13(2-3):91-7.
11 Frias-Martinez E,Chen SY,Liu X.Investigation of behavior and perception of digital library users:a cognitive style perspective[J].Int J Inform Manag,2008;28(5):355-65.
12 Kinley K,Tjondronegoro DW.The impact of users′ cognitive style on their navigational behaviors in web searching[C].Melbourne:Proceedings of 15th Australasian document computing symposium (ADCS),2010:68-75.
13 Lee MW,Chen SY,Chrysostomou K,et al.Mining students′ behavior in web-based learning programs[J].Exp Syst Applicat,2009;36(2):3459-64.
14 张智君,任衍具,朱伟.导航线路和个体认知风格对超文本搜索绩效的影响[J].应用心理学,2003;9(2):16-20.
15 Maylor EA.Age and prospective memory[J].Q J Exp Psychol,1990;42(3):471.
16 Shallice T,Burgess PW.Deficits in strategy application following frontal lobe damage in man[J].Brain,1991;114(2):727-41.
17 李寿欣,董立达,宫大志.注意状态、认知方式与前瞻记忆的TAP效应[J].心理学报,2008;40(11):1149-57.
18 李寿欣,宋艳春.不同认知方式中小学生的前瞻记忆的研究[J].心理发展与教育,2006;22(2):18-22.
19 West R,Herndon RW,Crewdson SJ.Neural activity associated with the realization of a delayed intention[J].Brain Res Cogn Brain Res,2001;12(1):1-9.
20 West R,Bowry R.Effects of aging and working memory demands on prospective memory[J].Psychophysiology,2010;42(6):698-712.
21 West R,Bowry R,Krompinger J.The effects of working memory demands on the neural correlates of prospective memory[J].Neuropsychologia,2006;44(2):197-207.
22 Einstein GO,Mcdaniel MA,Thomas R,et al.Multiple processes in prospective memory retrieval:factors determining monitoring versus spontaneous retrieval[J].J Exp Psychol Gen,2005;134(3):327-42.
23 Penningroth SL.Effects of attentional demand,cue typicality,and priming on an event-based prospective memory task[J].Appl Cognit Psychol,2010;19(7):885-97.
24 Cherry KE,Martin RC,Simmons-D′Gerolamo SS,et al.Prospective remembering in younger and older adults:role of the prospective cue[J].Memory,2001;9(3):177-93.
25 彭聃龄.普通心理学[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2004:512-3.