微藻及其生物活性成分在水产养殖中的营养价值、生理功能和抗病活性
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摘要
随着水产养殖规模的不断扩大和集约化程度的不断提高,水环境被广泛的工业发展所破坏,水质不断恶化,由此导致爆发性疾病频发,给我国乃至全球水产养殖经济带来了巨大的损失。同时由于世界范围内水产养殖业的快速增长,鱼粉和鱼油的需求也在增加,鱼粉和鱼油市场价格也在不断上涨。寻找鱼粉和鱼油的替代原料以及生产无毒、无污染、高效代替抗生素使用的生物制剂已成为水产养殖研究的主要发展目标。微藻富含蛋白质、长链多不饱和脂肪酸、类胡萝卜素、多糖、维生素、牛磺酸、甾醇及矿物质等多种营养成分和生物活性物质。水产动物摄食微藻,能够促进养殖动物的营养循环、降低饲料系数、提高成活率和抗病力,微藻可以作为鱼粉和鱼油良好的替代原料。长链多不饱和脂肪酸是水产动物的关键营养成分;多糖特别是硫酸酯多糖可提高水产动物的免疫功能,具有抗菌、抗病毒的能力;虾青素作为着色剂已被用于水产养殖,它是鱼类维生素A的前体,同时作为鱼类和虾、蟹类的免疫增强剂,促进生长和存活率;甾醇在水产软体动物、甲壳类和鱼类的生长、性腺发育中具有重要作用;牛磺酸是一种非蛋白磺酸,它是水产肉食动物的一种重要营养成分。本文主要对微藻及其生物活性成分在水产养殖中的应用情况和发展动态进行了分析。
The scale and intensive degree of aquaculture are constantly increasing.At the same time,the water environment is destroyed by extensive industrial development,and the water quality is deteriorating.It has led to frequent outbreaks of diseases and resulted in huge losses to aquaculture economy in China and even in the world.Due to the rapid growth of aquaculture worldwide,the demand for fish meal and fish oil is also increasing,which leads to the rising market prices of fish meal and fish oil.Therefore,searching for alternative raw materials for fish meal and fish oil,and producing non-toxic,non-polluting and highly effective biological agents to replace antibiotics have become the main deunsaturated fatty acids are important nutritional components of aquatic animals.Polysaccharides,especially sulfated polysaccharides,can improve the immune function of aquatic animals and have the ability of anti-bacterial and anti-virus.Astaxanthin can be used as a colouring agent for aquatic animals and a precursor of fish vitamin A.Astaxanthin as an immunostimulant can increase the growth and survival rate of fish,shrimp and crabs.Sterols play an important role in the growth and gonad development of aquatic mollusks,crustaceans and fishes.Taurine is a non-protein sulfonic acid and an important nutritional ingredient in aquatic carnivorous animals.In this paper,the application and development of microalgae and their bioactive components in aquaculture were reviewed.
The scale and intensive degree of aquaculture are constantly increasing.At the same time,the water environment is destroyed by extensive industrial development,and the water quality is deteriorating.It has led to frequent outbreaks of diseases and resulted in huge losses to aquaculture economy in China and even in the world.Due to the rapid growth of aquaculture worldwide,the demand for fish meal and fish oil is also increasing,which leads to the rising market prices of fish meal and fish oil.Therefore,searching for alternative raw materials for fish meal and fish oil,and producing non-toxic,non-polluting and highly effective biological agents to replace antibiotics have become the main deunsaturated fatty acids are important nutritional components of aquatic animals.Polysaccharides,especially sulfated polysaccharides,can improve the immune function of aquatic animals and have the ability of anti-bacterial and anti-virus.Astaxanthin can be used as a colouring agent for aquatic animals and a precursor of fish vitamin A.Astaxanthin as an immunostimulant can increase the growth and survival rate of fish,shrimp and crabs.Sterols play an important role in the growth and gonad development of aquatic mollusks,crustaceans and fishes.Taurine is a non-protein sulfonic acid and an important nutritional ingredient in aquatic carnivorous animals.In this paper,the application and development of microalgae and their bioactive components in aquaculture were reviewed.
引文