基于本体的陆空通信风险识别与分析方法
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摘要
陆空通信是实施空中交通管制的重要手段,也是民航空管运行中造成不安全事件的重要因素之一。提出针对陆空通信危险识别与分析的系统参量和引导词,应用BPMN和HAZOP模型识别与分析陆空通信危险偏差。建立陆空通信风险识别与分析本体模型。构建概念之间的TBox描述逻辑关系和推理,案例推理证明了方法的有效性。该方法能够实现规范化、术语化风险描述和归类,避免通过自然语言进行风险识别与分析的缺点,为更有效地进行风险项分析提供科学分类和统计依据。
Air-ground communication plays an important role in air traffic control.Many incidents have relation to air-ground communication faults.A set of system parameters and guide words for the hazards identification and analysis is proposed.Combineing BPMN with HAZOP,the negative deviation from normal operation is detected.Meanwhile,an ontology model aiming at risk identification and analysis is also implemented using Protégétool.With the construction of description logic among the ontological concepts of TBox,the reasoning approach is realized and validated via real incident case.This method has benefit on risk description and category by standard terminology to overcome shortcomings of natural language description.It is also useful to classify risk items clearly for further post statistic analysis.
Air-ground communication plays an important role in air traffic control.Many incidents have relation to air-ground communication faults.A set of system parameters and guide words for the hazards identification and analysis is proposed.Combineing BPMN with HAZOP,the negative deviation from normal operation is detected.Meanwhile,an ontology model aiming at risk identification and analysis is also implemented using Protégétool.With the construction of description logic among the ontological concepts of TBox,the reasoning approach is realized and validated via real incident case.This method has benefit on risk description and category by standard terminology to overcome shortcomings of natural language description.It is also useful to classify risk items clearly for further post statistic analysis.
引文
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[2]胡明华.我国空管安全管理体系实然性研究[J].南京航空航天大学学报:社会科学版,2007,9(1):43-36.Hu Minghua.An empirical study of China′s ATC safety management system[J].Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics:Social Sciences,2007,9(1):43-36.
[3]施和平.空管系统安全管理——基于资源、机制、效用模式的理论和实践[M].北京:中国民航出版社,2015.Shi Heping.ATM Systemic Safety Management[M].Beijing:Civil Aviation of China Press,2015.
[4]ICAO.ICAO 7970—2002[S].ICAO ANNEX 19.Canada:ICAO,2002.
[5]ICAO.Doc 9859[S].Canada:ICAO,2009.
[6]罗帆,刘小平,杨智.基于系统动力学的空管安全风险情景预警决策模型仿真[J].系统工程,2014,32(1):139-145.Luo Fan,Liu Xiaoping,Yang zhi.Pre-warning decision-making model simulation of air traffic control safety risk based on system dynamics[J].Systems Engineering,2014,32(1):139-145.
[7]International Electrotechnical Commission.CEI/IEC300-3-9[S].Geneva:ICE,1995.
[8]Ericson C A.危险分析技术[M].赵廷弟,焦健,赵远,等译.北京:国防工业出版社,2012.Ericson C A.Hazard analysis techniques for system safety[M].Zhao Tingdi,Zhao Jian,Zhao Yuan,et al.Trans.Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,2012.
[9]Bosse T,Hoogendoorn M,Klein M C A,et al.Modelling collective decision making in groups and crowds:Integrating social contagion and interacting emotions,beliefs and intentions[J].Autonomous Agent Multi-Agent Systems,2013,27(1):52-84.
[10]Bosse T,Mogles N M.Formal analysis of aviation incidents[C]//25th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Other Applications of Applied Intelligent Systems.Dalian,China:Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg,2012:371-380.
[11]Geisinger K.Guide to Methods&Tools for Safety Analysis in Air Traffic Management[EB/OL].http://flightsafety.org/files/methods_tools_safety_analysis.pdf,2003.
[12]Stroeve S H,Blom H A P,van der Park M N J.Multi-agent situation awareness error evolution in accident risk modeling[C]//5th USA/Europe Air Traffic Management R&D Seminar.Budapest,Hungary:[s.n.],2003.
[13]Blom H A P,Stroeve S H,Bosse T.Modelling of potential hazards in agent-based safety risk analysis[C]//10th USA/Europe Air Traffic Management Research and Development Seminar.Chicago,USA:[s.n.],2013.
[14]Kuraoka K,Batres R.An ontological approach to represent HAZOP information[R].Technical Report TR-2003-01,2003.
[15]Cameron I T,Seligmann B,Hangos K M,et al.A functional systems approach to the development of improved hazard identification for advanced diagnostic systems[C]//18th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering.Lyon,France:[s.n.],2008.
[16]吴重光,许欣,纳永良,等.基于知识本体的过程安全分析信息化标准[J].化工学报,2012,63(5):1484-1491.Wu Chongguang,Xu Xin,Na Yongling,et al.Standardized information for process hazard analysis based on ontology[J].CIESC Journal,2012,63(5):1484-1491.
[17]Gruber T R.A translation approach to portable ontology specifications[J].Knowledge Acquisition,1993,5(2):199-220.
[18]比尔.克拉克.跑道侵入[M].赵洪元译.北京:中国民航出版社,2005.Clarke B.Runway incursions[M].Zhao Hongyuan Trans.Beijing:Civil Aviation of China Press,2005.