脂类单体碳同位素在湖沼古环境和古生态重建中的研究进展
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摘要
地质载体中保存的脂类来源于生物细胞膜、叶片蜡质层等,能够指示特定的生物分类学类群或微生物功能群,也能够记录生物生长或早期成岩过程中的生态环境信息,已经成为第四纪古环境和古生态研究的重要手段。除了化合物含量和分子组成,脂类的碳同位素组成也蕴含着重要的生态或环境信息。对于光能自养生物,这些信息来自光合作用和脂类的生物合成过程;对于异养生物,信息则来自摄食的底物和脂类的生物合成过程。总结了近些年来湖沼沉积中脂类单体碳同位素的研究进展,从长链正构烷烃、脂肪酸、陆源五环三萜等高等植物脂类和磷脂脂肪酸、藿类、四醚膜脂等微生物脂类等2个领域进行了系统阐述。在今后的发展中,需要重视实验技术,开发适合小样品量的分析方法,建立直接测试藿类和四醚类等分子量相对大的脂类碳同位素组成的新技术,加强单体放射性碳同位素的应用;可以考虑多种脂类碳同位素的联合、同一脂类单体碳同位素和单体氢同位素的联合;建议加强脂类单体碳同位素在生物地球化学过程,特别是微生物地球化学过程对过去全球变化的响应研究。
Lipids preserved in geological materials mainly originate from cell membrane and leaf waxes,and have the potential to infer biological sources,metabolic pathways,and environmental information. Thus,lipid-based proxies have been widely applied to reconstruct paleoenvironment and paleoecology in the Quaternary. Except the concentration and molecular composition,the carbon isotope compositions of lipids are also a type of important signal sources. For photoautotrophs,the carbon isotope compositions of lipids are mainly mediated by the carbon isotope discrimination during the photosynthesis and lipid biosynthesis processes.In contrast,the carbon isotope compositions of heterotroph derived lipids are controlled by substrates and the carbon isotope fractionation during biosynthesis. In this review,we overview the advances of applications of lipid carbon isotope ratios in lacustrine and peat deposits. In the near future,more attention is suggested to pay to instrumental techniques,such as reduce the sample amount,direct analysis the carbon isotope compositions of molecules with relatively large molecular weight(e. g. BHPs,GDGTs),and widely application of compoundspecific radiocarbon isotope analysis. In addition,combination of carbon isotope ratios from multi lipids,or the application of dual carbon and hydrogen isotope ratios of lipids,will shed more information on the response of ecological processes to climate changes. Furthermore,more works are worthy to investigate the relation between biogeochemical processes and paleoclimate changes in the Quaternary.
Lipids preserved in geological materials mainly originate from cell membrane and leaf waxes,and have the potential to infer biological sources,metabolic pathways,and environmental information. Thus,lipid-based proxies have been widely applied to reconstruct paleoenvironment and paleoecology in the Quaternary. Except the concentration and molecular composition,the carbon isotope compositions of lipids are also a type of important signal sources. For photoautotrophs,the carbon isotope compositions of lipids are mainly mediated by the carbon isotope discrimination during the photosynthesis and lipid biosynthesis processes.In contrast,the carbon isotope compositions of heterotroph derived lipids are controlled by substrates and the carbon isotope fractionation during biosynthesis. In this review,we overview the advances of applications of lipid carbon isotope ratios in lacustrine and peat deposits. In the near future,more attention is suggested to pay to instrumental techniques,such as reduce the sample amount,direct analysis the carbon isotope compositions of molecules with relatively large molecular weight(e. g. BHPs,GDGTs),and widely application of compoundspecific radiocarbon isotope analysis. In addition,combination of carbon isotope ratios from multi lipids,or the application of dual carbon and hydrogen isotope ratios of lipids,will shed more information on the response of ecological processes to climate changes. Furthermore,more works are worthy to investigate the relation between biogeochemical processes and paleoclimate changes in the Quaternary.
引文
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