社会网络、体制分割与收入分配公平感——基于职场上级交往的视角
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摘要
以往关于分配公平感的研究忽视了职场社会网络的重要作用,而职场在现代社会已成为人们生活中不可或缺的重要场域,深刻形塑和影响着人们的社会态度和主观感受。本文通过使用"社会网络与职业经历(JSNET2014)"调查数据,探讨职业场域中的社会网络对个体收入分配公平感的影响,同时考察这种影响在不同制度情境中的差异。研究发现:个体与职场上级交往越频繁,其收入分配公平感越强,其原因是社会网络可以通过资源获取机制和信息传递机制影响分配公平感;在不同制度情境下,职场上级交往对于公平感的影响存在差异。相较于体制外,体制内的职场上级互动更有助于个体获得分配公平感,其理由是体制内、外资源分配机制和社会网络的作用空间存在差异。以上发现表明,职场交往所蕴含的社会网络资源的确会影响人们的分配公平感,因此鼓励职场上、下级的社会交往有利于提升个体公平感和促进企业稳定发展,但同时也要警惕这一过程中可能伴随的负面效应。
Previous research on the sense of distributive justice neglected the important role of the social network in the workplace,and the workplace has become an indispensable and important field in people’s life in modern society,profoundly shaping and affecting people’s social attitudes and subjective feelings.By using the dataset of JSNET 2014,this study explores the impact of social network in individual workplace on their perception of distributive justice,and also examines the differences of this impact in different institutional contexts.The study found that:First,the more frequent individuals interact with their superiors in the workplace,the stronger their sense of fairness in income distribution.Because the social network can influence the sense of distributive justice mainly through the mechanism of resource acquisition and information transmission.Second,superior occupational interaction has different effects on the sense of fairness in different institutional contexts.Compared with non-state sector,the interaction with superiors in the state-own sector is more conducive to individuals’ sense of distributive justice.The reason is that there are differences of resources distribution and the effect of social network between non-state sector and stateown sector.The above findings show that the social network resources in workplace affect people’s sense of distribution fairness.Therefore,encouraging superior occupational interaction is conducive to enhancing individual perception of distributive justice and promoting the stable development of enterprises.But at the same time we need to be wary of the negative effects that may accompany with this process.
Previous research on the sense of distributive justice neglected the important role of the social network in the workplace,and the workplace has become an indispensable and important field in people’s life in modern society,profoundly shaping and affecting people’s social attitudes and subjective feelings.By using the dataset of JSNET 2014,this study explores the impact of social network in individual workplace on their perception of distributive justice,and also examines the differences of this impact in different institutional contexts.The study found that:First,the more frequent individuals interact with their superiors in the workplace,the stronger their sense of fairness in income distribution.Because the social network can influence the sense of distributive justice mainly through the mechanism of resource acquisition and information transmission.Second,superior occupational interaction has different effects on the sense of fairness in different institutional contexts.Compared with non-state sector,the interaction with superiors in the state-own sector is more conducive to individuals’ sense of distributive justice.The reason is that there are differences of resources distribution and the effect of social network between non-state sector and stateown sector.The above findings show that the social network resources in workplace affect people’s sense of distribution fairness.Therefore,encouraging superior occupational interaction is conducive to enhancing individual perception of distributive justice and promoting the stable development of enterprises.But at the same time we need to be wary of the negative effects that may accompany with this process.
引文
[1]李路路,唐丽娜,秦广强.“患不均,更患不公”——转型期“公平感”与“冲突感”[J].中国人民大学学报,2012,26(4):80-90.
[2]李黎明,李晓光.市场化改革、关系资本动员与收入分配公平感[J].吉林大学社会科学学报,2017,57(3):101-111.
[3]GRANOVETTER M.Economic action and social structure:the problem of embeddedness[J].American Journal of Sociology,1985,91(3):481-510.
[4]郝明松,边燕杰.社会网络资源的形塑:职业交往的视角[J].中国研究,2014(2):110-128.
[5]刘伟峰,陈云松,边燕杰.中国人的职场交往与收入——基于差分方法的社会资本分析[J].社会学研究,2016(2):34-56.
[6]约翰·罗尔斯.正义论[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1988:1.
[7]翁定军.阶级或阶层意识中的心理因素:公平感和态度倾向[J].社会学研究,2010(1):85-110.
[8]王甫勤.当代中国大城市居民的分配公平感:一项基于上海的实证研究[J].社会,2011,31(3):155-183.
[9]李颖晖.教育程度与分配公平感:结构地位与相对剥夺视角下的双重考察[J].社会,2015,35(1):143-160.
[10]孙明.市场转型与民众的分配公平观[J].社会学研究,2009(3):78-88.
[11]马磊,刘欣.中国城市居民的分配公平感研究[J].社会学研究,2010(5):31-49.
[12]怀默霆.中国民众如何看待当前的社会不平等[J].社会学研究,2009(1):96-120.
[13]刘欣,胡安宁.中国公众的收入公平感:一种新制度主义社会学的解释[J].社会,2016,36(4):133-156.
[14]李煜,朱妍.微观公平感的形成机制:基于职业群体的双重比较理论[J].华中科技大学学报(社会科学版),2017(1):37-45.
[15]王甫勤.社会流动与分配公平感研究[D].上海:复旦大学,2010.
[16]LIN N,BIAN Y J.Getting ahead in urban China[J].American Journal of Sociology,1991,97(3):657-688.
[17]马丹.社会网络对生活满意度的影响研究[J].社会,2015(3):168-192.
[18]LIN N.Social capital:a theory of social structure and action[M].New York:Cambridge University Press,2001.
[19]林南,敖丹.社会资本之长臂:日常交流获取工作信息对地位获得的影响[J].西安交通大学学报(社会科学版),2010(11):74-88.
[20]PETTIGREW T F,TROPP L R,WAGNER U,et al.Recent advances in intergroup contact theory[J].International Journal of Intercultural Relations,2011,35(3):271-280.
[21]边燕杰,王文彬,等.跨体制社会资本及其收入回报[J].中国社会科学,2012(2):110-126.
[22]林聚任,向维.职业地位获得机制的体制内外差异分析——基于2014年八城市社会网络与职业经历调查数据[J].吉林大学社会科学学报,2017(3):92-100.
[23]吴晓刚,张卓妮.户口、职业隔离与中国城镇的收入不平等[J].中国社会科学,2014(6):118-140.
[24]边燕杰,李路路等.结构壁垒、体制转型与地位资源含量[J].中国社会科学,2006(5):100-109.
[25]边燕杰,卢汉龙,孙立平.市场转型与社会分层:美国社会学者分析中国[M].北京:三联书店,2002:19.
[26]李黎明,李晓光.社会结构、交往行动与社会资本动员[J].社会科学战线,2016(12):186-196.
[2]李黎明,李晓光.市场化改革、关系资本动员与收入分配公平感[J].吉林大学社会科学学报,2017,57(3):101-111.
[3]GRANOVETTER M.Economic action and social structure:the problem of embeddedness[J].American Journal of Sociology,1985,91(3):481-510.
[4]郝明松,边燕杰.社会网络资源的形塑:职业交往的视角[J].中国研究,2014(2):110-128.
[5]刘伟峰,陈云松,边燕杰.中国人的职场交往与收入——基于差分方法的社会资本分析[J].社会学研究,2016(2):34-56.
[6]约翰·罗尔斯.正义论[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1988:1.
[7]翁定军.阶级或阶层意识中的心理因素:公平感和态度倾向[J].社会学研究,2010(1):85-110.
[8]王甫勤.当代中国大城市居民的分配公平感:一项基于上海的实证研究[J].社会,2011,31(3):155-183.
[9]李颖晖.教育程度与分配公平感:结构地位与相对剥夺视角下的双重考察[J].社会,2015,35(1):143-160.
[10]孙明.市场转型与民众的分配公平观[J].社会学研究,2009(3):78-88.
[11]马磊,刘欣.中国城市居民的分配公平感研究[J].社会学研究,2010(5):31-49.
[12]怀默霆.中国民众如何看待当前的社会不平等[J].社会学研究,2009(1):96-120.
[13]刘欣,胡安宁.中国公众的收入公平感:一种新制度主义社会学的解释[J].社会,2016,36(4):133-156.
[14]李煜,朱妍.微观公平感的形成机制:基于职业群体的双重比较理论[J].华中科技大学学报(社会科学版),2017(1):37-45.
[15]王甫勤.社会流动与分配公平感研究[D].上海:复旦大学,2010.
[16]LIN N,BIAN Y J.Getting ahead in urban China[J].American Journal of Sociology,1991,97(3):657-688.
[17]马丹.社会网络对生活满意度的影响研究[J].社会,2015(3):168-192.
[18]LIN N.Social capital:a theory of social structure and action[M].New York:Cambridge University Press,2001.
[19]林南,敖丹.社会资本之长臂:日常交流获取工作信息对地位获得的影响[J].西安交通大学学报(社会科学版),2010(11):74-88.
[20]PETTIGREW T F,TROPP L R,WAGNER U,et al.Recent advances in intergroup contact theory[J].International Journal of Intercultural Relations,2011,35(3):271-280.
[21]边燕杰,王文彬,等.跨体制社会资本及其收入回报[J].中国社会科学,2012(2):110-126.
[22]林聚任,向维.职业地位获得机制的体制内外差异分析——基于2014年八城市社会网络与职业经历调查数据[J].吉林大学社会科学学报,2017(3):92-100.
[23]吴晓刚,张卓妮.户口、职业隔离与中国城镇的收入不平等[J].中国社会科学,2014(6):118-140.
[24]边燕杰,李路路等.结构壁垒、体制转型与地位资源含量[J].中国社会科学,2006(5):100-109.
[25]边燕杰,卢汉龙,孙立平.市场转型与社会分层:美国社会学者分析中国[M].北京:三联书店,2002:19.
[26]李黎明,李晓光.社会结构、交往行动与社会资本动员[J].社会科学战线,2016(12):186-196.