载荷对Ni_3Al基自润滑复合涂层摩擦学行为的影响
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摘要
采用高能球磨结合喷雾造粒技术制备微米级球形Ni_3Al基复合粉末,利用等离子喷涂方法制备涂层后考察其在不同载荷(5、10和20 N)下宽温域内(25～800℃)的摩擦学性能.用SEM、EDS和Raman分析磨痕、对偶销和磨屑的微观组织和物相组成,对比分析载荷对摩擦磨损机理的影响.结果表明:25～200℃时,载荷增加促进了润滑相的"析出效应",但载荷增至20 N时涂层发生塑性变形产生"封闭效应",使涂层摩擦系数和磨损率随载荷增加呈先减后增的趋势;400～600℃时,载荷增加导致的摩擦热加速了氧化进程,降低磨损表面剪切强度,从而使摩擦系数和磨损率持续降低;800℃时,磨损表面形成富含NiCr_2O_4、Ag_2MoO_4和NiO的连续、光滑釉质层,但在20 N时局部过高的接触应力使润滑膜破裂而发生剥落,导致摩擦学性能下降.
The micron spherical Ni_3Al based composite powder has been fabricated by high-energy ball milling combined with spray granulation. Then it was deposited on an 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel by plasma spraying to form a coating, then the influences of testing temperatures(25 ℃ to 800 ℃) and loads(5 N, 10 N and 20 N) on the tribological behaviors of this coating were evaluated. SEM, EDS and Raman techniques were adopted to study the lubrication and wear mechanisms of the coating tested at different loads, by analyzing the microstructure and phase constitutes of the wear debris, wear scar of the coating and the counterface pins. The results indicated that within temperature range 25～200 ℃, the increase of load from 5 N to 10 N accelerated the precipitation of the lubricant resulting from the synergism between the frictional heat and applied load, providing a friction and wear reduction. However, with further increasing the load to 20 N in this temperature range, the coating was deformed plastically, leading to blocking effect and thus increasing the friction and wear. At temperature from 400 to 600 ℃, the oxidation process was accelerated by the friction heat caused by the increased loads, thereby decreased the friction and wear. At 800 ℃, the worn surfaces tested at all the loads were covered by a continuous and smooth oxidized glaze layer, which was rich in NiCr_2O_4,Ag_2MoO_4 and NiO. The distinction was that when the load of 20 N was applied, the local high stress destroyed the integrity of the lubricating film, thereby decreased the tribological properties.
The micron spherical Ni_3Al based composite powder has been fabricated by high-energy ball milling combined with spray granulation. Then it was deposited on an 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel by plasma spraying to form a coating, then the influences of testing temperatures(25 ℃ to 800 ℃) and loads(5 N, 10 N and 20 N) on the tribological behaviors of this coating were evaluated. SEM, EDS and Raman techniques were adopted to study the lubrication and wear mechanisms of the coating tested at different loads, by analyzing the microstructure and phase constitutes of the wear debris, wear scar of the coating and the counterface pins. The results indicated that within temperature range 25～200 ℃, the increase of load from 5 N to 10 N accelerated the precipitation of the lubricant resulting from the synergism between the frictional heat and applied load, providing a friction and wear reduction. However, with further increasing the load to 20 N in this temperature range, the coating was deformed plastically, leading to blocking effect and thus increasing the friction and wear. At temperature from 400 to 600 ℃, the oxidation process was accelerated by the friction heat caused by the increased loads, thereby decreased the friction and wear. At 800 ℃, the worn surfaces tested at all the loads were covered by a continuous and smooth oxidized glaze layer, which was rich in NiCr_2O_4,Ag_2MoO_4 and NiO. The distinction was that when the load of 20 N was applied, the local high stress destroyed the integrity of the lubricating film, thereby decreased the tribological properties.
引文
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[2]Stone D S,Migas J,Martini A,et al.Adaptive NbN/Ag coatings for high temperature tribological applications[J].Surface Coatings Technology,2012,206:4316-4321.doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2012.04.054.
[3]Yang Sulan,Wang Wenzhen,Ma Qin,et al.Effect of Al on the tribological properties of Ni-based alloys[J].Tribology,2017,37(5):663-669(in Chinese)[杨素兰,王文珍,马勤,等.Al元素对Ni基合金摩擦学性能的研究[J].摩擦学学报,2017,37(5):663-669].doi:10.16078/j.tribology.2017.05.014.
[4]Stanford M K,Yanke A M,DellaCorte C.Thermal effects on a low Cr modification of PS304 solid lubricant coating[P].NASA/TM-2004-213111.
[5]Sliney H E.Wide temperature spectrum self-lubricating coatings prepared by plasma spraying[P].NASA/TM-1979-79113.
[6]Sliney H E,Dellacorte C,Lukaszewicz V.The tribology of PS212coatings and PM212 composites for the lubrication of titanium 6A1-4V components of a stirling engine space power system[J].Tribology Transactions,1995,38(3):497-506.doi:10.1080/10402009508983435.
[7]Corte C D,Sliney H E.Composition optimization of self-lubricating chromium carbide-based composite coatings for use to 760°C[J].Tribology,1987,30(1):77-83.
[8]DellaCorte C,Edmond B.NASA PS400:a new high temperature solid lubricant coating for high temperature wear applications[P].TM-2010-216774.
[9]Ouyang J H,Li Y F,Wang Y M,et al.Microstructure and tribological properties of ZrO2(Y2O3)matrix composites doped with different solid lubricants from room temperature to 800°C[J].Wear,2009,267(9-10):1353-1360.doi:10.1016/j.wear.2008.11.017.
[10]Jin Y,Kato K,Umehara N.Effects of sintering aids and solid lubricants on tribological behaviours of CMC/Al2O3 pair at 650°C[J].Tribology Letters,1999,6(1):15-21.doi:10.1023/A:1019195120042.
[11]Skopp A,Woydt M,Habig K H.Tribological behavior of silicon nitride materials under unlubricated sliding between 22 and 1 000°C[J].Wear,1995,181-183(95):571-580.
[12]Zhao J C,Westbrook J H.Ultrahigh-temperature materials for jet engines[J].MRS Bulletin,2003,28(9):622-630.doi:10.1557/mrs2003.189.
[13]Zhang Yonggang,Han Yafang,Chen Guoliang,et al.Structural intermetallics[M].Beijing:National Defence Industry Press,2001:556-559(in Chinese)[张永刚,韩雅芳,陈国良,等.金属间化合物结构材料[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2001:556-559].
[14]Zhu S Y,Bi Q L,Yang J,et al.Influence of Cr content on tribological properties of Ni3Al matrix high temperature selflubricating composites[J].Tribology International,2011,44(10):1182-1187.doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2011.05.014.
[15]Zhu S Y,Bi Q L,Yang J,et al.Effect of particle size on tribological behavior of Ni3Al matrix high temperature self-lubricating composites[J].Tribology International,2011,44(12):1800-1809.doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2011.07.002.
[16]Gao Yongjian,Zhang Shitang,Deng Zhichang,et al.Tribological properties of laser cladding high-temperature self-lubrication composite coatings[J].China Surface Engineering,2011,24(2):51-56(in Chinese)[高永建,张世堂,邓智昌,等.激光熔覆高温自润滑覆层的摩擦学特性[J].中国表面工程,2011,24(2):51-56].doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-9289.2011.02.009.
[17]Li Wensheng,Fan Xiangjuan,Yang Jun,et al.Preparation and tribological properties of Ni3Al matrix self-lubricating composite coating[J].Tribology,2018,38(6):626-634(in Chinese)[李文生,范祥娟,杨军,等.Ni3Al基高温自润滑复合涂层的制备和摩擦学性能[J].摩擦学学报,2018,38(6):626-634].doi:10.16078/j.tribology.2018033.
[18]Lu X D,Wang H M.Metallic tribological compatibility of laser clad Mo2Ni3Si/NiSi metal silicide coatings[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2005,200:2380-2385.doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.10.101.
[19]Zhang Guotao,Yin Yanguo,Liu Zhenming,et al.Tribological properties of multi-layer iron based powder metallurgy materials[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2017,38(1):7-13(in Chinese)[张国涛,尹延国,刘振明,等.复层铁基粉末冶金材料的摩擦学性能[J].材料热处理学报,2017,38(1):7-13].
[20]Wang Yunpeng,Sun Kun,Yang Size,et al.Friction and wear characteristics of 18Ni(300)steel at high speed dry sliding condition[J].Tribology,2017,37(2):218-224(in Chinese)[王云鹏,孙琨,杨思泽,等.18Ni(300)钢高速干滑动摩擦磨损特性研究[J].摩擦学学报,2017,37(2):218-224].doi:10.16078/j.tribology.2017.02.011.