柱状节理岩体隧洞松弛深度的变异特性与确定方法
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摘要
柱状节理玄武岩是火山岩区所特有的地质现象,其地质成因独特,工程特性、开挖响应特征明显不同于一般常见岩体。针对节理岩体中不同钻孔属性条件下松弛深度测试结果存在变异性的问题,提出单孔声波测试与数字钻孔摄像综合的原位测试手段和松弛深度评价方法,获得了柱状节理条件下不同角度及不同孔径的岩体卸荷松弛特性。研究结果表明,在节理岩体中进行围岩的松弛深度测试时,不同孔径钻孔测试的松弛深度未有显著影响,但在不同钻孔角度条件下测试时,钻孔偏差角度、钻孔轴线与节理方位的夹角均对测试结果有较大影响,围岩松弛深度随节理方位与测孔轴线角度增大而增大。基于现场测试的结果与柱状节理的各向异性特征,进一步探讨了不同钻孔条件下松弛深度变异的机制。该研究结果对柱状节理围岩松弛测试评价、稳定性分析以及支护方案优化有显著价值。
Columnar jointed basalts are a unique geological phenomenon in the volcanic region. Its engineering characteristics and excavation responding characteristics are very different from those of common rocks because of the unique geological origin. In order to evaluate the variation characteristics of relaxation depth of tunnel columnar jointed rock mass under different borehole properties, an in-situ test method, which combined digital borehole camera with acoustic velocity measurement, was proposed. The comprehensive evaluation method of relaxation depth was proposed as well. The unloading relaxation properties of columnar jointed basalts after excavation under different angles and diameters were obtained. Results showed that the diameter of borehole almost had no effect on the relaxation depth in the jointed rock mass, while the relaxation depths in borehole with different angles were significantly different. In addition, the borehole deviation angle, the angle between borehole axis and the jointed columnar axis had a substantial influence on the evaluation of relaxation test results of relaxation depth. Further discussion on the mechanism of relaxation depth variation under different borehole conditions was made. This study provides important references to the stability analysis of surrounding rock mass and support scheme optimization of tunnel project.
Columnar jointed basalts are a unique geological phenomenon in the volcanic region. Its engineering characteristics and excavation responding characteristics are very different from those of common rocks because of the unique geological origin. In order to evaluate the variation characteristics of relaxation depth of tunnel columnar jointed rock mass under different borehole properties, an in-situ test method, which combined digital borehole camera with acoustic velocity measurement, was proposed. The comprehensive evaluation method of relaxation depth was proposed as well. The unloading relaxation properties of columnar jointed basalts after excavation under different angles and diameters were obtained. Results showed that the diameter of borehole almost had no effect on the relaxation depth in the jointed rock mass, while the relaxation depths in borehole with different angles were significantly different. In addition, the borehole deviation angle, the angle between borehole axis and the jointed columnar axis had a substantial influence on the evaluation of relaxation test results of relaxation depth. Further discussion on the mechanism of relaxation depth variation under different borehole conditions was made. This study provides important references to the stability analysis of surrounding rock mass and support scheme optimization of tunnel project.
引文
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[13]李邵军,冯夏庭,张春生,等.深埋隧洞TBM开挖损伤区形成与演化过程的数字钻孔摄像观测与分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(6):1106-1112.LI Shao-jun,FENG Xia-ting,ZHANG Chun-sheng,et al.Testing on formation and evolution of TBM excavation damaged zone in deep-buried tunnel based on digital panoramic borehole camera technique[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(6):1106-1112.
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[15]HOU Z.Mechanical and hydraulic behaviour of rock salt in the excavation disturbed zone around underground facilities[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2003,40(5):725-738.
[16]刘成禹,刘汗青,黄振.基于实测地震波波速的围岩各向异性分析--以赣龙铁路汀州隧道为例[J].岩土力学,2016,37(5):1451-1457.LIU Cheng-yu,LIU Han-qing,HUANG Zhen.Analysis of surrounding rock anisotropy based on measured seismic wave velocity-A case study of Tingzhou Tunnel in Ganzhou-Longyan Railway[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(5):1451-1457.
[17]荣冠,王思敬,王恩志,等.白鹤滩河谷演化模拟及P2β3玄武岩级别评估[J].岩土力学,2009,30(10):3013-3019.RONG Guan,WANG Si-jing,WANG En-zhi,et al.Study of evolutional simulation of Baihetan river valley and evaluation of engineering quality of jointed basalt P2β3[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(10):3013-3019.
[18]江权,冯夏庭,樊义林,等.柱状节理玄武岩各向异性特性的调查与试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(12):2527-2535.JIANG Quan,FENG Xia-ting,FAN Yi-lin,et al.Survey and laboratory study of anisotropic properties for columnar jointed basaltic rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(12):2527-2535.
[19]刘海宁,王俊梅,王思敬.白鹤滩柱状节理岩体真三轴模型试验研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(增刊1):163-171.LIU Hai-ning,WANG Jun-mei,WANG Si-jing.Experimental research of columnar jointed basalt with true triaxial apparatus at Baihetan Hydropower Station[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(Supp.1):163-171.
[20]狄圣杰,徐卫亚,王伟,等.柱状节理岩体横观各向同性本构关系研究[J].中南矿业大学学报,2011,40(6):881-887.DI Sheng-jie,XU Wei-ya,WANG Wei,et al.Transversely isotropic constitutive properties of a columnar jointed rock mass[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2011,40(6):881-887.
[21]郝宪杰,冯夏庭,江权,等.基于电镜扫描实验的柱状节理隧洞卸荷破坏机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(8):1647-1655.HAO Xian-jie,FENG Xia-ting,JIANG Quan,et al.Research on unloading failure mechanism of columnar jointed rock mass in tunnel based on scanning electron microscopy experiments[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(8):1647-1655.
[22]石安池,唐鸣发,周其健.金沙江白鹤滩水电站柱状节理玄武岩岩体变形特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(10):2079-2086.SHI An-chi,TANG Ming-fa,ZHOU Qi-jian.Research of deformation characteristics of columnar jointed basalt at Baihetan hydropower station on Jinsha river[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(10):2079-2086.
[23]中华人民共和国水利部.SL47―94水工建筑物岩石基础开挖工程施工技术规范[S].北京:水利电力出版社,1994.The Ministry of Water Resources of the People′s Republic of China.SL47―94 Construction technical specification on rock foundation excavating engineering of hydraulic structures[S].Beijing:Water Resources and Electric Power Press,1994.
[2]PUSCH R,STANFORS R.The zone of disturbance around blasted tunnels at depth[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1992,29(5):447-456.
[3]李邵军,冯夏庭,张春生,等.深埋隧洞TBM开挖损伤区形成与演化过程的数字钻孔摄像观测与分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(6):1106-1112.LI Shao-jun,FENG Xia-ting,ZHANG Chun-sheng,et al.Testing on formation and evolution of TBM excavation damaged zone in deep-buried tunnel based on digital panoramic borehole camera technique[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(6):1106-1112.
[4]SATO T,KIKUCHI T,SUGIHARA K.In-situ experiments on an excavation disturbed zone induced by mechanical excavation in Neogene sedimentary rock at Tono mine,central Japan[J].Engineering Geology,2000,56(1-2):97-108.
[5]靖洪文,付国彬,郭志宏.深井巷道围岩松弛深度影响因素实测分析及控制技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(1):70-74.JING Hong-wen,FU Guo-bin,GUO Zhi-hong.Measurement and analysis of influential factors of broken zone of deep roadways and study on its control technique[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(1):70-74.
[6]LAI X P,REN F H,WU Y P,et al.Comprehensive assessment on dynamic roof instability under fractured rock mass conditions in the excavation disturbed zone[J].International Journal of Minerals Metallurgy and Materials,2009,16(1):12-18.
[7]KWON S,LEE C S,CHO S J,et al.An investigation of the excavation damaged zone at the KAERI underground research tunnel[J].Tunnelling Underground Space Technology,2009,24(1):1-13.
[8]LANYON G W.Excavation damage zones assessment[R].Ontario:Nuclear Waste Manage Organization of Canada,2011.
[9]READ R S.20 years of excavation response studies at AECL’s underground research laboratory[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2004,41(8):1251-1275.
[10]JANSEN D P,CARLSON S R,YOUNG R P,et al.Ultrasonic imaging and acoustic emission monitoring of thermally induced microcracks in Lac du Bonnet granite[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1993,982(B12):22231-22243.
[11]CARLSON S R,YOUNG R P.Acoustic emission and ultrasonic velocity study of excavation-induced microcrack damage at the Underground Research Laboratory[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1993,30(7):901-907.
[12]LI Shao-jun,FENG Xia-ting,LI Zhan-hai,et al.Evolution of fractures in the excavation damaged zone of a deeply buried tunnel during TBM construction[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2012,55(2):125-138.
[13]李邵军,冯夏庭,张春生,等.深埋隧洞TBM开挖损伤区形成与演化过程的数字钻孔摄像观测与分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(6):1106-1112.LI Shao-jun,FENG Xia-ting,ZHANG Chun-sheng,et al.Testing on formation and evolution of TBM excavation damaged zone in deep-buried tunnel based on digital panoramic borehole camera technique[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(6):1106-1112.
[14]JAKUBICK A T,FRANZ T.Vacuum testing of the permeability of the excavation damaged zone[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,1993,26(2):165-182.
[15]HOU Z.Mechanical and hydraulic behaviour of rock salt in the excavation disturbed zone around underground facilities[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2003,40(5):725-738.
[16]刘成禹,刘汗青,黄振.基于实测地震波波速的围岩各向异性分析--以赣龙铁路汀州隧道为例[J].岩土力学,2016,37(5):1451-1457.LIU Cheng-yu,LIU Han-qing,HUANG Zhen.Analysis of surrounding rock anisotropy based on measured seismic wave velocity-A case study of Tingzhou Tunnel in Ganzhou-Longyan Railway[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(5):1451-1457.
[17]荣冠,王思敬,王恩志,等.白鹤滩河谷演化模拟及P2β3玄武岩级别评估[J].岩土力学,2009,30(10):3013-3019.RONG Guan,WANG Si-jing,WANG En-zhi,et al.Study of evolutional simulation of Baihetan river valley and evaluation of engineering quality of jointed basalt P2β3[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(10):3013-3019.
[18]江权,冯夏庭,樊义林,等.柱状节理玄武岩各向异性特性的调查与试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(12):2527-2535.JIANG Quan,FENG Xia-ting,FAN Yi-lin,et al.Survey and laboratory study of anisotropic properties for columnar jointed basaltic rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(12):2527-2535.
[19]刘海宁,王俊梅,王思敬.白鹤滩柱状节理岩体真三轴模型试验研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(增刊1):163-171.LIU Hai-ning,WANG Jun-mei,WANG Si-jing.Experimental research of columnar jointed basalt with true triaxial apparatus at Baihetan Hydropower Station[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(Supp.1):163-171.
[20]狄圣杰,徐卫亚,王伟,等.柱状节理岩体横观各向同性本构关系研究[J].中南矿业大学学报,2011,40(6):881-887.DI Sheng-jie,XU Wei-ya,WANG Wei,et al.Transversely isotropic constitutive properties of a columnar jointed rock mass[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2011,40(6):881-887.
[21]郝宪杰,冯夏庭,江权,等.基于电镜扫描实验的柱状节理隧洞卸荷破坏机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(8):1647-1655.HAO Xian-jie,FENG Xia-ting,JIANG Quan,et al.Research on unloading failure mechanism of columnar jointed rock mass in tunnel based on scanning electron microscopy experiments[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(8):1647-1655.
[22]石安池,唐鸣发,周其健.金沙江白鹤滩水电站柱状节理玄武岩岩体变形特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(10):2079-2086.SHI An-chi,TANG Ming-fa,ZHOU Qi-jian.Research of deformation characteristics of columnar jointed basalt at Baihetan hydropower station on Jinsha river[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(10):2079-2086.
[23]中华人民共和国水利部.SL47―94水工建筑物岩石基础开挖工程施工技术规范[S].北京:水利电力出版社,1994.The Ministry of Water Resources of the People′s Republic of China.SL47―94 Construction technical specification on rock foundation excavating engineering of hydraulic structures[S].Beijing:Water Resources and Electric Power Press,1994.