配方施肥对汉源葡萄青椒叶片光合特性的影响
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摘要
【目的】分析N、P、K配方施肥时汉源葡萄青椒的光合特性,为筛选适宜植株生长的施肥配方提供参考。【方法】以竹叶花椒新品种汉源葡萄青椒为研究对象,采用三因素四水平正交试验设计,对N(0,75,150,300kg/hm2)、P(0,30,60,120kg/hm2)、K(0,75,150,300kg/hm2)各配方施肥处理条件下,汉源葡萄青椒叶片的气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、水分利用效率(WUE)和叶面饱和水汽压亏缺(Vpdl)等指标进行分析,探讨汉源葡萄青椒光合特性与施肥量和环境因子的关系。【结果】各配方施肥处理条件下,汉源葡萄青椒叶片Gs、Pn、Tr和Vpdl日变化均呈"单峰"型曲线,峰值分别出现在14:00、10:00-12:00、14:00和14:00;Ci日变化呈"单谷"型曲线,谷值出现在10:00-12:00;WUE日变化呈"双峰"型曲线,峰值分别出现在10:00和16:00,最大值出现在10:00左右;Gs、Pn、Tr、WUE和Vpdl日平均值均以施肥处理高于不施肥处理,而Ci日平均值则以施肥处理低于不施肥处理;N、P和K施肥量分别在193.0～193.3,74.2～82.8和174.7～180.0kg/hm2时,能较好地促进植株生长并获得较高的叶片Pn和WUE;Pn与树高、地径、冠幅、叶绿素含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),Gs和Tr与光合有效辐射(PAR)呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),提高叶片Pn的最佳光合有效辐射(PAR)为1 119.1μmol/(m2·s)。【结论】适宜的N、P和K施肥量能延长汉源葡萄青椒叶片Pn达到峰值的时间,对提高叶片Pn和WUE及促进植株生长具有重要作用。
【Objective】The photosynthetic characteristics of‘Hanyuan Putao Qingjiao'under N,P and K fertilization were analyzed to provide basis for selecting suitable plant growth fertilizer formula.【Method】This study selected the new variety‘Hanyuan Putao Qingjiao'of Zanthoxylum armatum and the experiment was designed with three factors and four levels of N(0,75,150,300kg/hm2),P(0,30,60,120kg/hm2),and K(0,75,150,300kg/hm2).The stomatal conductance(Gs),intercellular CO2concentration(Ci),net photosynthesis rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr),efficiency of water application(WUE),and vapor pressure deficit at the leaf surface(Vpdl)were measured and the relationships between photosynthesis characteristics and fertility amount and environmental factors were analyzed.【Result】Under various ferti-lization conditions,the diurnal variations of leaf Gs,Pn,Trand Vpdlfollowed single-peak curve,with the peaks occurring approximately at 14:00,10:00-12:00,14:00,and 14:00,respectively.Leaf Cifollowed a single-valley curve,with the valley occurring approximately at 10:00-12:00.The diurnal variation of leaf WUEfollowed a double-peak curve,with the peaks at 10:00and 16:00,and the maximum at 10:00.The mean leaf Gs,Pn,Tr,WUEand Vpdlvalues of fertilizing treatments were higher than those of non-fertilizing treatment,while leaf Ciof fertilizing treatments were lower than that of non-fertilizing treatment.The plant growth was greatly promoted and high leaf Pnand WUE were obtained when N,P,and K fertility amounts were 193.0-193.3,74.2-82.8and 174.7-180.0kg/hm2,respectively.Leaf Pnsignificantly and positively correlated with tree height,ground diameter,canopy and chlorophyll content.Leaf Gsand Trhighly significantly and positively correlated with PARand the optimumPARfor leaf Pn was 1 119.1μmol/(m2·s).【Conclusion】Appropriate N,P,and K fertilization could prolong the period of leaf Pnreaching peak,so as to increase leaf Pnand WUEand promote seedling growth.
【Objective】The photosynthetic characteristics of‘Hanyuan Putao Qingjiao'under N,P and K fertilization were analyzed to provide basis for selecting suitable plant growth fertilizer formula.【Method】This study selected the new variety‘Hanyuan Putao Qingjiao'of Zanthoxylum armatum and the experiment was designed with three factors and four levels of N(0,75,150,300kg/hm2),P(0,30,60,120kg/hm2),and K(0,75,150,300kg/hm2).The stomatal conductance(Gs),intercellular CO2concentration(Ci),net photosynthesis rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr),efficiency of water application(WUE),and vapor pressure deficit at the leaf surface(Vpdl)were measured and the relationships between photosynthesis characteristics and fertility amount and environmental factors were analyzed.【Result】Under various ferti-lization conditions,the diurnal variations of leaf Gs,Pn,Trand Vpdlfollowed single-peak curve,with the peaks occurring approximately at 14:00,10:00-12:00,14:00,and 14:00,respectively.Leaf Cifollowed a single-valley curve,with the valley occurring approximately at 10:00-12:00.The diurnal variation of leaf WUEfollowed a double-peak curve,with the peaks at 10:00and 16:00,and the maximum at 10:00.The mean leaf Gs,Pn,Tr,WUEand Vpdlvalues of fertilizing treatments were higher than those of non-fertilizing treatment,while leaf Ciof fertilizing treatments were lower than that of non-fertilizing treatment.The plant growth was greatly promoted and high leaf Pnand WUE were obtained when N,P,and K fertility amounts were 193.0-193.3,74.2-82.8and 174.7-180.0kg/hm2,respectively.Leaf Pnsignificantly and positively correlated with tree height,ground diameter,canopy and chlorophyll content.Leaf Gsand Trhighly significantly and positively correlated with PARand the optimumPARfor leaf Pn was 1 119.1μmol/(m2·s).【Conclusion】Appropriate N,P,and K fertilization could prolong the period of leaf Pnreaching peak,so as to increase leaf Pnand WUEand promote seedling growth.
引文
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