扬州瘦西湖水体氮磷污染特征及内源释放潜力
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摘要
本研究通过实地调查及原位柱芯静态培养实验,分析了瘦西湖上覆水和沉积物氮、磷污染负荷空间分布格局,估算了内源氮、磷释放通量.结果表明:①瘦西湖上覆水中总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、氨氮(NH~+_4-N)的浓度区间分别为1.5～2.9、0.05～0.11、0.2～1.7 mg·L~(-1),TN是影响上覆水水质的主要因子;②沉积物TN、TP的含量范围分别为500～4500、100～3700 mg·kg~(-1),空间上呈现TN含量从扬州闸下至二十四桥逐渐增加而TP含量先升后降的趋势;③内源释放模拟结果显示,瘦西湖沉积物NH~+_4-N、NO~-_3-N、NO~-_2-N及PO_4~(3-)-P的释放速率分别为35.3～90.1、30.2～80.6、0.95～5.10、7.2～58.8 mg·m~(-2)·d~(-1),其氮、磷释放速率相较于国内外类似研究呈现较高水平,表明瘦西湖沉积物是其上覆水体氮、磷污染负荷的一个重要潜在来源.
Spatial distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in the overlying water and sediments of Lake Souxi was analyzed by field survey and static culture experiments using in-situ sediment cores, and the internal release flux of nitrogen and phosphorus were estimated. The results showed that:①the variations of total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus(TP) and ammonia nitrogen(NH~+_4-N) in the overlying water were 1.5～2.9, 0.05～0.11 and 0.2～1.7 mg·L~(-1), respectively. TN was the main factor affecting the quality of the overlying water;②the variations of TN and TP in the sediments are 500～4500 and 100～3700 mg·kg~(-1), respectively. Generally, the TN concentration gradually increased, while the TP concentration initially increased and then decreased from the lower part of Yangzhouzha to Ershisiqiao;③the results of static culture experiments showed that the release rates of NH~+_4-N, NO~-_3-N, NO~-_2-N and PO_4~(3-)-P from the sediments were 35.3～90.1, 30.2～80.6, 0.95～5.10 and 7.2～58.8 mg·m~(-2)·d~(-1), respectively. Compared with other lakes worldwide, the release rates of nitrogen and phosphorus in the sediments of Lake Souxi are relatively high, indicating that the sediments are important potential sources of nitrogen and phosphorus for the overlying water in Lake Shouxi.
Spatial distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in the overlying water and sediments of Lake Souxi was analyzed by field survey and static culture experiments using in-situ sediment cores, and the internal release flux of nitrogen and phosphorus were estimated. The results showed that:①the variations of total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus(TP) and ammonia nitrogen(NH~+_4-N) in the overlying water were 1.5～2.9, 0.05～0.11 and 0.2～1.7 mg·L~(-1), respectively. TN was the main factor affecting the quality of the overlying water;②the variations of TN and TP in the sediments are 500～4500 and 100～3700 mg·kg~(-1), respectively. Generally, the TN concentration gradually increased, while the TP concentration initially increased and then decreased from the lower part of Yangzhouzha to Ershisiqiao;③the results of static culture experiments showed that the release rates of NH~+_4-N, NO~-_3-N, NO~-_2-N and PO_4~(3-)-P from the sediments were 35.3～90.1, 30.2～80.6, 0.95～5.10 and 7.2～58.8 mg·m~(-2)·d~(-1), respectively. Compared with other lakes worldwide, the release rates of nitrogen and phosphorus in the sediments of Lake Souxi are relatively high, indicating that the sediments are important potential sources of nitrogen and phosphorus for the overlying water in Lake Shouxi.
引文
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徐徽,张路,商景阁,等.2009.太湖水土界面氮磷释放通量的流动培养研究[J].生态与农村环境学报,25(4):66-71
闫海,潘纲,张明明.2002.微囊藻毒素研究进展[J].生态学报,22(11):1968-1975
叶振国,Kirchhof,童桂凤,等.2008.瘦西湖水质时空特征及综合控制对策措施研究[J].环境科学导刊,27(5):24-27
扬州市生态环境局.2016.2015年扬州市环境质量年报[R].扬州:扬州市生态环境局
张丽萍,袁文权,张锡辉.2003.底泥污染物释放动力学研究[J].环境工程学报,4(2):22-26
周建东.2009.城市风景名胜公园环境容量研究[D].南京:南京林业大学
Zhong J C,Ben S,Cheng X,et al.2008.Influence of sediment dredging on chemical forms and release of phosphorus[J].Pedosphere,18(1):34-44
Beutel M W,Leonard T M,Dent S R,et al.2008.Effects of aerobic and anaerobic conditions on P,N,Fe,Mn,and Hg accumulation in waters overlaying profundal sediments of an oligo-mesotrophic lake[J].Water Research,42(8):1953-1962
范成新,张路,杨龙元,等.2002.湖泊沉积物氮磷内源负荷模拟[J].海洋与湖沼,33(4):370-378
Fairbairn D J,Karpuzcu M E,Arnold W A,et al.2015.Sediment-water distribution of contaminants of emerging concern in a mixed use watershed[J].Science of the Total Environment,505:896-904
高丽,杨浩,周健民.2005.环境条件变化对滇池沉积物磷释放的影响[J].土壤,37(2):216-219
Grucarokosz R,Tomaszek J A.2015.Methane and carbon dioxide in the sediment of a eutrophic reservoir:Production pathways and diffusion fluxes at the sediment-water interface[J].Water Air & Soil Pollution,226(2):16-32
Holdren G C,Armstrong D E.1980.Factors affecting phosphorus release rates from intact lake sediment cores[J].Environmental Science & Technology,14(1):79-87
Hong Q,Sun Z,Chen L,et al.2012.Small-scale watershed extended method for non-point source pollution estimation in part of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region[J].International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology,9(4):595-604
李宝,丁士明,范成新,等.2008.滇池福保湾底泥内源氮磷营养盐释放通量估算[J].环境科学,29(1):114-120
刘成,邵世光,范成新,等.2014.巢湖重污染汇流湾区沉积物营养盐分布与释放风险[J].环境科学研究,27(11):1258-1264
刘峰,高云芳,王立欣,等.2011.水域沉积物氮磷赋存形态和分布的研究进展[J].水生态学杂志,32(4):137-144
李辉,潘学军,史丽琼,等.2011.湖泊内源氮磷污染分析方法及特征研究进展[J].环境化学,30(1):281-292
李青芹,霍守亮,昝逢宇,等.2010.我国湖泊沉积物营养盐和粒度分布及其关系研究[J].农业环境科学学报,29(12):2390-2397
Moore A,Reddy K R.1994.Role of Eh and pH on phosphorus geochemistry in sediments of lake Okeechobee,Florida[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,23(5):955-964
Qian B,Liu L,Yan W M,et al.2012.In situ microsensor studies of long-term environmental effect of sediment dredging in the shallow lake[J].Asian Journal of Chemistry,24(10):4408-4414
Rydin E.2000.Potentially mobile phosphorus in Lake Erken sediment[J].Water Research,34(7):2037-2042
苏丽丹,林卫青,杨漪帆.2010.淀山湖底泥氮磷释放通量研究[J].上海环境科学,29(5):197-201
陶玉炎,耿金菊,王荣俊,等.2013.环境条件变化对河流沉积物“三氮”释放的影响[J].环境科学与技术,(s1):41-44
王建军,沈吉,张路,等.2010.云南滇池和抚仙湖沉积物-水界面营养盐通量及氧气对其的影响[J].湖泊科学,22(5):640-648
徐徽,张路,商景阁,等.2009.太湖水土界面氮磷释放通量的流动培养研究[J].生态与农村环境学报,25(4):66-71
闫海,潘纲,张明明.2002.微囊藻毒素研究进展[J].生态学报,22(11):1968-1975
叶振国,Kirchhof,童桂凤,等.2008.瘦西湖水质时空特征及综合控制对策措施研究[J].环境科学导刊,27(5):24-27
扬州市生态环境局.2016.2015年扬州市环境质量年报[R].扬州:扬州市生态环境局
张丽萍,袁文权,张锡辉.2003.底泥污染物释放动力学研究[J].环境工程学报,4(2):22-26
周建东.2009.城市风景名胜公园环境容量研究[D].南京:南京林业大学
Zhong J C,Ben S,Cheng X,et al.2008.Influence of sediment dredging on chemical forms and release of phosphorus[J].Pedosphere,18(1):34-44
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