基于核酸探针的光学传感方法和细胞成像研究
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摘要
许多疾病的特征在于各种生物分子表现出的异常活性,这些物质通常在细胞内外显示过表达现象,因此对其灵敏靶向识别可以提供诊断和治疗效用。由于基因诊疗和化学传感技术的发展,用于灵敏检测细胞内外生物化学物质的核酸探针突显优势。核酸探针可以在稳定进入细胞的同时,特异性地结合目标物质,通过光学方法检测或通过成像技术标识出来。本文综述了采用光学传感方法和成像技术,基于核酸探针检测生物分子的新进展。根据检测对象进行分类,概括分析了几个代表性体系:核酸序列、蛋白质和酶、化学物质和物理化学条件,并详细阐述其关键设计原理、灵敏度及样品检测等结果,同时指出了各类核酸探针的优缺点。
Many diseases are characterized by abnormal activity of various biomolecules, in which some substances are usually overexpressed inside and outside of cells. Therefore, the targeting and recognition of these biomolecules can be potentially utilized in diagnostic and therapeutic fields. Owing to the developments of gene diagnosis and chemical sensing technique, the application of nucleic acid probes is promoted widely for the sensitive detection of intracellular and extracellular biochemicals. The nucleic acid probes can specifically bind to the target material while stably entering the cell. In the procedure, the target can be monitored using optical approaches and the reaction mechanism can be identified by bioimaging techniques. In this review,we focus on the progress of nucleic acid probes′ application in the assay of biochemical molecules by adopting optical methods and bioimaging techniques. The main content is classified by three parts based on analytes. The target materials include nucleic acid, protein and enzyme, and chemical and physicochemical molecules. For the three representative systems, the design principles, key techniques, detection results such as sensitivity and samples are illustrated in detail. The advantages and disadvantages of various nucleic acid probes are compared and listed as well.
Many diseases are characterized by abnormal activity of various biomolecules, in which some substances are usually overexpressed inside and outside of cells. Therefore, the targeting and recognition of these biomolecules can be potentially utilized in diagnostic and therapeutic fields. Owing to the developments of gene diagnosis and chemical sensing technique, the application of nucleic acid probes is promoted widely for the sensitive detection of intracellular and extracellular biochemicals. The nucleic acid probes can specifically bind to the target material while stably entering the cell. In the procedure, the target can be monitored using optical approaches and the reaction mechanism can be identified by bioimaging techniques. In this review,we focus on the progress of nucleic acid probes′ application in the assay of biochemical molecules by adopting optical methods and bioimaging techniques. The main content is classified by three parts based on analytes. The target materials include nucleic acid, protein and enzyme, and chemical and physicochemical molecules. For the three representative systems, the design principles, key techniques, detection results such as sensitivity and samples are illustrated in detail. The advantages and disadvantages of various nucleic acid probes are compared and listed as well.
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