厚层橡胶支座的力学性能试验研究
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摘要
普通橡胶支座具有较大的竖向刚度,往往与结构的竖向周期耦合引起不利的共振效应,为了避免竖向地震对隔震建筑内重要仪器设备的损害,提出利用厚层橡胶支座进行隔震的方法,并对厚层橡胶支座的力学性能进行了系统的试验研究。试验表明:与普通橡胶支座相比,厚层橡胶支座具有基本相同的剪切刚度和较小的竖向刚度,可用于核电、桥梁、地铁站等结构的三维隔震。厚层橡胶支座具有良好的大变形性能、疲劳性能、徐变性能和老化性能。针对厚层橡胶支座的轴压敏感性,提出了一种考虑橡胶层压缩模量、面积、厚度变化的积分修正方法,修正值与试验结果吻合较好。
Traditional rubber bearings have a larger vertical stiffness to resist building gravity, but this stiffness may be coupled with building's vertical natural vibration period to cause harmful resonance effect. Here, to avoid damages of vertical earthquakes to important instruments and equipment in isolated buildings, the method of 3-D isolation using thick rubber bearings was proposed. Mechanical performance tests were conducted for thick rubber bearings. The test results showed that compared with traditional rubber bearings, thick rubber bearings have the basically same shear stiffness as that of the former and a smaller vertical stiffness, they can be used in 3-D seismic isolation for nuclear stations, bridges and subway stations; thick rubber bearings have a good large deformation performance, creep one, anti-fatigue capacity and anti-aging one; aiming at thick rubber bearings' sensitivity to axial compression, an integral correction method is proposed considering variations of rubber layer's compressive module, area and thickness, the corrected values agree better with the test results.
Traditional rubber bearings have a larger vertical stiffness to resist building gravity, but this stiffness may be coupled with building's vertical natural vibration period to cause harmful resonance effect. Here, to avoid damages of vertical earthquakes to important instruments and equipment in isolated buildings, the method of 3-D isolation using thick rubber bearings was proposed. Mechanical performance tests were conducted for thick rubber bearings. The test results showed that compared with traditional rubber bearings, thick rubber bearings have the basically same shear stiffness as that of the former and a smaller vertical stiffness, they can be used in 3-D seismic isolation for nuclear stations, bridges and subway stations; thick rubber bearings have a good large deformation performance, creep one, anti-fatigue capacity and anti-aging one; aiming at thick rubber bearings' sensitivity to axial compression, an integral correction method is proposed considering variations of rubber layer's compressive module, area and thickness, the corrected values agree better with the test results.
引文
[1] YABANA S,MATSUDA A.Mechanical properties of laminated rubber bearings for three-dimensional base isolation[C]//World Conference on Earthquake Engineering 12th.Auckland,New Zealand,2000.
[2] KITAMURA S,MORISHITA M,MORO S.Study on vertical component seismic isolation system with coned disk spring[C]//Pressure Vessels and piping Conference (PVP2004).San Diego,CA:ASME,2004.
[3] 孟庆利,林德全,张敏政.三维隔震系统振动台实验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2007,27(3):116-120.MENG Qingli,LIN Dequan,ZHANG Minzheng.Study on three-dimensional isolated system in shaking table test[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2007,27(3):116-120.
[4] 赵亚敏,苏经宇,周锡元,等.碟形弹簧竖向隔震结构振动台实验及数值模拟研究[J].建筑结构学报,2008,29(6):99-106.ZHAO Yamin,SU Jingyu,ZHOU Xiyuan,et al.Shaking table test and numerical analysis of vertical-isolated building model with combined disk spring bearing[J].Journal Building Structures,2008,29(6):99-106.
[5] 颜学渊,张永山,王焕定,等.三类三维隔震抗倾覆支座力学性能试验研究[J].振动与冲击,2009,28 (10):49-53.YAN Xueyuan,ZHANG Yongshan,WANG Huanding,et al.Experimental study on mechanical properties of three kinds of three-dimensional base isolation and overturn-resistance devices[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2009,28(10):49-53.
[6] 刘文光,余宏宝,IMAM MOUSTAFA I,等.倾斜旋转型三维隔震装置的力学模型和竖向性能试验研究[J].振动与冲击,2017,36(9):68-73.LIU Wenguang,YU Hongbao,IMAM MOUSTAFA I,et al.Tests for mechanical model of an inclined rotational three-dimensional seismic isolation device and its vertical performance[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2017,36(10):68-73
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[9] 陈浩文.厚肉型橡胶隔振支座在地铁周边建筑物隔振中的应用[D].北京:清华大学,2014.
[10] 盛涛,李亚明,张辉,等.地铁邻近建筑的厚层橡胶支座基础隔振试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2015,36(2):35-40.SHENG Tao,LI Yaming,ZHANG Hui,et al.Field experiment study of subway nearby building's base isolation by laminated thick rubber isolator[J].Journal of Building Structures,2015,36(2):35-40.
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[12] 何文福,刘文光,杨彦飞,等.厚层橡胶隔震支座基本力学性能试验[J].解放军理工大学学报,2011,12(3):258-263.HE Wenfu,LIU Wenguang,YANG Yanfei,et al.Basic mechanical properties of thick rubber isolators[J].Journal of PLA university of science and technology (Natural Science Edition),2011,12(3):258-263.
[13] 邹立华,饶宇,黄凯,等.预应力厚层橡胶支座隔震性能研究[J].建筑结构学报,2013,34 (2):76-82.ZOU Lihua,RAO Yu,HUANG Kai,et al.Research on isolating property of prestressed thick rubber bearings[J].Journal of Building Structures,2013,34 (2):76-82.
[14] FUKASAWA T,OKAMURA S,YAMAMOTO T,et al.Development on rubber bearings for Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor:Part 2—Fundamental characteristics of half-scale rubber bearings based on static test[C]//ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference.Boston,MA,2015.
[15] FUKASAWA T,OKAMURA S,YAMAMOTO T,et al.Development on rubber bearings for Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor:Part 3—Ultimate properties of a half scale thick rubber bearings based on breaking test[C]//ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference.Vancouver,2016.
[16] WATAKABE T,YAMAMOTON T,FUKASAWA T,et al.Development on rubber bearings for Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor:Part 4—Aging properties of a half scale thick rubber bearings based on breaking test[C]//ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference.Vancouver,2016.
[17] LINDLEY P B.Load-compression relationships of rubber units[J].Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design,1966,1(3):190-195.
[18] 橡胶支座第3部分:建筑隔震橡胶支座:GB 20688.3—2006[S].北京,中国标准出版社,2006.
[19] 刘文光,三山刚史,冯德民,等.橡胶隔震支座竖向刚度简化计算法[J].地震工程与工程振动,2001,21 (4):111-116.LIU Wenguang,MIYAMA T,FENG Demin,et al.A simple method for computing vertical stiffness of rubber bearings[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering vibration,2001,21 (4):111-116.
[20] 建筑隔震橡胶支座:JG 118—2000[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2000.
[21] 建筑抗震设计规范:GB 50011—2010[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010.
[22] GENT A N,MEINECKE E A.Compression,bending,and shear of bonded rubber blocks[J].Polymer Engineering and Science,1970,10(1):48-53.
[2] KITAMURA S,MORISHITA M,MORO S.Study on vertical component seismic isolation system with coned disk spring[C]//Pressure Vessels and piping Conference (PVP2004).San Diego,CA:ASME,2004.
[3] 孟庆利,林德全,张敏政.三维隔震系统振动台实验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2007,27(3):116-120.MENG Qingli,LIN Dequan,ZHANG Minzheng.Study on three-dimensional isolated system in shaking table test[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2007,27(3):116-120.
[4] 赵亚敏,苏经宇,周锡元,等.碟形弹簧竖向隔震结构振动台实验及数值模拟研究[J].建筑结构学报,2008,29(6):99-106.ZHAO Yamin,SU Jingyu,ZHOU Xiyuan,et al.Shaking table test and numerical analysis of vertical-isolated building model with combined disk spring bearing[J].Journal Building Structures,2008,29(6):99-106.
[5] 颜学渊,张永山,王焕定,等.三类三维隔震抗倾覆支座力学性能试验研究[J].振动与冲击,2009,28 (10):49-53.YAN Xueyuan,ZHANG Yongshan,WANG Huanding,et al.Experimental study on mechanical properties of three kinds of three-dimensional base isolation and overturn-resistance devices[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2009,28(10):49-53.
[6] 刘文光,余宏宝,IMAM MOUSTAFA I,等.倾斜旋转型三维隔震装置的力学模型和竖向性能试验研究[J].振动与冲击,2017,36(9):68-73.LIU Wenguang,YU Hongbao,IMAM MOUSTAFA I,et al.Tests for mechanical model of an inclined rotational three-dimensional seismic isolation device and its vertical performance[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2017,36(10):68-73
[7] TAJIRIAN F F,KELLY J M,AIKEN I D,et al.Elastomeric bearings for three-dimensional seismic isolation[C].1990 ASME PVP.Nashville,TN.
[8] KANAZAWA K,HIRATA K,MATSUDA A.Shaking table test of three-dimensional base isolation system using laminated thick rubber bearings[C].15th SMiRT.Seoul,Korea,1999.
[9] 陈浩文.厚肉型橡胶隔振支座在地铁周边建筑物隔振中的应用[D].北京:清华大学,2014.
[10] 盛涛,李亚明,张辉,等.地铁邻近建筑的厚层橡胶支座基础隔振试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2015,36(2):35-40.SHENG Tao,LI Yaming,ZHANG Hui,et al.Field experiment study of subway nearby building's base isolation by laminated thick rubber isolator[J].Journal of Building Structures,2015,36(2):35-40.
[11] 徐永秋,刘文光.厚层橡胶隔震支座的竖向力学性能与试验分析[J].浙江建筑,2008,25 (6):30-32.XU Yongqiu,LIU Wenguang.Vertical mechanical property and experimental analysis of thick bedded rubber vibration isolation bearing[J].Zhejiang Construction,2008,25(6):30-32.
[12] 何文福,刘文光,杨彦飞,等.厚层橡胶隔震支座基本力学性能试验[J].解放军理工大学学报,2011,12(3):258-263.HE Wenfu,LIU Wenguang,YANG Yanfei,et al.Basic mechanical properties of thick rubber isolators[J].Journal of PLA university of science and technology (Natural Science Edition),2011,12(3):258-263.
[13] 邹立华,饶宇,黄凯,等.预应力厚层橡胶支座隔震性能研究[J].建筑结构学报,2013,34 (2):76-82.ZOU Lihua,RAO Yu,HUANG Kai,et al.Research on isolating property of prestressed thick rubber bearings[J].Journal of Building Structures,2013,34 (2):76-82.
[14] FUKASAWA T,OKAMURA S,YAMAMOTO T,et al.Development on rubber bearings for Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor:Part 2—Fundamental characteristics of half-scale rubber bearings based on static test[C]//ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference.Boston,MA,2015.
[15] FUKASAWA T,OKAMURA S,YAMAMOTO T,et al.Development on rubber bearings for Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor:Part 3—Ultimate properties of a half scale thick rubber bearings based on breaking test[C]//ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference.Vancouver,2016.
[16] WATAKABE T,YAMAMOTON T,FUKASAWA T,et al.Development on rubber bearings for Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor:Part 4—Aging properties of a half scale thick rubber bearings based on breaking test[C]//ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference.Vancouver,2016.
[17] LINDLEY P B.Load-compression relationships of rubber units[J].Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design,1966,1(3):190-195.
[18] 橡胶支座第3部分:建筑隔震橡胶支座:GB 20688.3—2006[S].北京,中国标准出版社,2006.
[19] 刘文光,三山刚史,冯德民,等.橡胶隔震支座竖向刚度简化计算法[J].地震工程与工程振动,2001,21 (4):111-116.LIU Wenguang,MIYAMA T,FENG Demin,et al.A simple method for computing vertical stiffness of rubber bearings[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering vibration,2001,21 (4):111-116.
[20] 建筑隔震橡胶支座:JG 118—2000[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2000.
[21] 建筑抗震设计规范:GB 50011—2010[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010.
[22] GENT A N,MEINECKE E A.Compression,bending,and shear of bonded rubber blocks[J].Polymer Engineering and Science,1970,10(1):48-53.