铁改性生物炭对啤酒废水厌氧消化产甲烷的促进作用研究
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摘要
啤酒生产过程中产生的大量高COD废水必需经过有效处理,达到标准后才能排放或二次循环利用。本研究以固体废弃物杨木木屑作为原料,经过载铁改性后,在550℃条件下热解,制备了铁改性生物炭(Fe/C)和未改性生物炭(BC),研究了它们对啤酒废水厌氧消化产甲烷的影响。实验结果表明,BC和Fe/C能够明显将产甲烷迟滞期缩短33%。BC和Fe/C的产甲烷对数期分别为40h和14h,虽然BC产气对数期比Fe/C长,但Fe/C在对数期的产甲烷速率明显高于BC,因此Fe/C的甲烷产量明显高于BC的甲烷产量。经过48h厌氧消化后,对比空白组,Fe/C和BC的最大产气量分别提高了81.36%和70.28%,说明Fe/C和BC能够明显促进啤酒废水产甲烷。傅里叶红外转换光谱(FT-IR)表明,BC和Fe/C中脂肪烃官能团在厌氧消化前后发生明显偏移,同时生物炭对微生物具有吸附作用。XRD谱中,厌氧消化前后BC中无机相对应的峰位减弱,说明厌氧消化过程中生物炭中灰分溶出,这可能是BC对厌氧消化过程有促进作用的原因。Fe/C中铁氧化物等无机组分的存在,促进了厌氧消化过程。
A large amount of high COD wastewater produced with the beer production process must be effectively treated to meet standard requirements before discharge or recycle.The wastewater treatment is of great concern before discharge into the nature environment.In this study,the iron-modified biochar(Fe/C)and unmodified biochar(BC)was prepared with poplar wood chips under pyrolysis temperature of 550℃.The Fe/C and BC were applied to investigate the improvement of anaerobic digestion of brewery wastewater.The results showed that BC and Fe/C could shorten the methanogenic hysteresis period by 33%.The methanogenic logarithmic periods of BC and Fe/C were 40 hand 14 hrespectively.Although the logarithmic phase of biogas production for BC was longer than Fe/C,the methanogenic rate of Fe/C in logarithmic phase was higher than BC,thus the final gas production of Fe/C was higher than that of BC.Compared with the control group,the cumulative biogas production of Fe/C and BC was increased by81.36% and 70.28%,respectively.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR)spectra showed that the obviously shift of aliphatic hydrocarbon functional groups in BC and Fe/C during anaerobic digestion,and the microorganisms was adsorbed on the biochar.The dissolution of ash in BC during the anaerobic digestion might be the reason for the improvement of gas production.Moreover,the iron oxides existed in the Fe/C also promoted the anaerobic digestion.
A large amount of high COD wastewater produced with the beer production process must be effectively treated to meet standard requirements before discharge or recycle.The wastewater treatment is of great concern before discharge into the nature environment.In this study,the iron-modified biochar(Fe/C)and unmodified biochar(BC)was prepared with poplar wood chips under pyrolysis temperature of 550℃.The Fe/C and BC were applied to investigate the improvement of anaerobic digestion of brewery wastewater.The results showed that BC and Fe/C could shorten the methanogenic hysteresis period by 33%.The methanogenic logarithmic periods of BC and Fe/C were 40 hand 14 hrespectively.Although the logarithmic phase of biogas production for BC was longer than Fe/C,the methanogenic rate of Fe/C in logarithmic phase was higher than BC,thus the final gas production of Fe/C was higher than that of BC.Compared with the control group,the cumulative biogas production of Fe/C and BC was increased by81.36% and 70.28%,respectively.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR)spectra showed that the obviously shift of aliphatic hydrocarbon functional groups in BC and Fe/C during anaerobic digestion,and the microorganisms was adsorbed on the biochar.The dissolution of ash in BC during the anaerobic digestion might be the reason for the improvement of gas production.Moreover,the iron oxides existed in the Fe/C also promoted the anaerobic digestion.
引文
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18 Russo C,Stanzione F,Tregrossi A,et al.Infrared spectroscopy of some carbon-based materials relevant in combustion:Qualitative and quantitative analysis of hydrogen[J].Carbon,2014,74(8):127.
2 Luo C,Lu F,Shao L,et al.Application of eco-compatible biochar in anaerobic digestion to relieve acid stress and promote the selective colonization of functional microbes[J].Water Research,2015,68:710.
3 Feng Y,Zhang Y,Quan X,et al.Enhanced anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge digestion by the addition of zero valent iron[J].Water Research,2014,52:242.
4 Jia Tongtong,Wang Zaizhao,Geng Fenghua,et al.Effect of Fe3O4nanoparticles on anaerobic biogas production[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2017,7(2):201(in Chinese).贾通通,王在钊,耿凤华,等.纳米Fe3O4对污泥厌氧产沼气性能的影响[J].环境工程技术学报,2017,7(2):201.
5 Shi Changbo,Wang Jin,Peng Shuchuan,et al.Fe3+enhanced anaerobic digestion process of corn straw[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2012,29(13):218(in Chinese).时昌波,王进,彭书传,等.三价铁离子促进玉米秸秆厌氧发酵[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(13):218.
6 Pan Junting,Qiu Ling,Hassanein A A M,et al.Orthogonal experiment on biogas production characteristics of chicken manure with biochar[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(12):229(in Chinese).潘君廷,邱凌,Hassanein A A M,等.生物炭添加对鸡粪厌氧消化产气特性的影响[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(12):229.
7 Zhao Z,Zhang Y,Holmes D E,et al.Potential enhancement of direct interspecies electron transfer for syntrophic metabolism of propionate and butyrate with biochar in up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,209:148.
8 Yu D,Liu J,Sui Q,et al.Biogas-pH automation control strategy for optimizing organic loading rate of anaerobic membrane bioreactor treating high COD wastewater[J].Bioresource Technology,2015,203:62.
9 Tang G L,Huang J,Sun Z J,et al.Biohydrogen production from cattle wastewater by enriched anaerobic mixed consortia:Influence of fermentation temperature and pH[J].Journal of Bioscience&Bioengineering,2008,106(1):80.
10 Ho L,Ho G.Mitigating ammonia inhibition of thermophilic anaerobic treatment of digested piggery wastewater:Use of pH reduction,zeolite,biomass and humic acid[J].Water Research,2012,46(14):4339.
11 Qin Zhiyong,Ma Ding,Yue Zhengbo.Effects of carbonate-sulfate calcium minerals on the anaerobic methanogenic process of brewery wastewater[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural University,2017,44(5):829(in Chinese).秦志勇,马丁,岳正波.碳酸盐-硫酸盐含钙矿物对啤酒废水厌氧产甲烷过程的影响[J].安徽农业大学学报,2017,44(5):829.
12 Demirel B,Scherer P.Trace element requirements of agricultural biogas digesters during biological conversion of renewable biomass to methane[J].Biomass&Bioenergy,2011,35(3):992.
13 Ma Jinlian.Magnetite promote anaerobic degradation of organic matters[D].Guangzhou:Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry),2016(in Chinese).马金莲.磁铁矿促进有机质厌氧降解过程及微生物机制初探[D].广州:中国科学院研究生院(广州地球化学研究所),2016.
14 Bao Y,Ziyang L,Dongling Z,et al.Variations of organic matters and microbial community in thermophilic anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge with the addition of ferric salts[J].Bioresource Technology,2015,179:291.
15 Zhang Xiangming.Effect of sulfuide concentration on biochemical efficiency and biodesulfurization by oxidization[D].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2014(in Chinese).张祥明.S2-浓度对生化效率的影响及生物氧化除硫的研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2014.
16 Zhang Jia,Sun Yongming,Lin Jinping,et al.Effect of Fe2+on Anaerobic digestion of molasses alcohol wastewater[J].Advances in New&Renewable Energy,2016,4(6):431(in Chinese).张佳,孙永明,李金平,等.二价铁离子对糖蜜酒精废水厌氧发酵的影响[J].新能源进展,2016,4(6):431.
17 Andrew,Odeh O.Qualitative and quantitative ATR-FTIR analysis and its application to coal char of different ranks[J].Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology,2015,43(2):129.
18 Russo C,Stanzione F,Tregrossi A,et al.Infrared spectroscopy of some carbon-based materials relevant in combustion:Qualitative and quantitative analysis of hydrogen[J].Carbon,2014,74(8):127.