开发区与城镇化互动发展的反思和展望——基于江苏的思考
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摘要
改革开放初期,开发区凭借体制机制、政策优惠优势,快速发展成为引领我国经济前行的重要载体和推进区域城镇化的增长极。当前,我国经济正处于由高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段的历史拐点,开发区如何开拓创新,实现转型发展和与城镇化的协调互动,成为学界关注的焦点问题。基于江苏的实践,总结开发区与城镇化互动发展的江苏范式,并提出新时代发展背景下开发区转型发展应重点关注城市空间的重构、创新网络的培育与消费型空间的营造,以及土地利用的"因地制宜"与"因时制宜",以期为东部地区开发区的转型发展提供一定的借鉴和启示。
Since China's reform and opening up, development zones, which enjoy preferential policies, have led local economic development and promoted urbanization significantly. Currently, China's economy is at a stage of transition from a period of rapid growth to that of high-quality development and how development zones can make successful transitions becomes a focus of current scholarships. Based on experience in Jiangsu Province, this paper firstly summarizes the interactions between development zones and urbanization based on Jiangsu model. It then proposes that development zones should emphasize urban spatial restructuring, the nurturing of innovation networks and the formation of consumptive spaces. The research provides reference for development zones in the eastern China region.
Since China's reform and opening up, development zones, which enjoy preferential policies, have led local economic development and promoted urbanization significantly. Currently, China's economy is at a stage of transition from a period of rapid growth to that of high-quality development and how development zones can make successful transitions becomes a focus of current scholarships. Based on experience in Jiangsu Province, this paper firstly summarizes the interactions between development zones and urbanization based on Jiangsu model. It then proposes that development zones should emphasize urban spatial restructuring, the nurturing of innovation networks and the formation of consumptive spaces. The research provides reference for development zones in the eastern China region.
引文
[1] CARTIER C."Zone Fever", the arable land debate, and real estate speculation:China's evolving land use regime and its geographical contradictions[J]. Journal of Contemporary China, 2001.10(28):445-469.
[2]陈宏胜,王兴平,夏菁.供给侧改革背景下传统开发区社会化转型的理念、内涵与路径[J].城市规划学刊,2016(5):66-72.(CHEN Hongsheng, WANG Xingping, XIA Jing. The concept, connotation and path of social transformation of traditional development zones in a background of supply—side reform[J]. Urban Planning Forum, 2016(5):66-72.)
[3]程慧,刘玉亭.国家级经济技术开发区的转型路径与机制解析索[J].规划师,2017(7):112-118.(CHENG Hui, LIU Yuting. Transition path and mechanism of national economic and technique development zone[J]. Planners,2017(7):112-118.)
[4]洪银兴,陈宝敏.“苏南模式”的新发展——兼与“温州模式”比较[J].宏观经济研究,2001(7):29-34,52.(HONG Yinxing. CHEN Baonin. New development of Sunan urbanization model and its comparison with Wenzhou model[J]. Macroeconomics, 2001(7):29-34,52.)
[5]雷诚,范凌云.由“政策区”到“综合城区”一开发区的转型之路探讨[C]//规划创新:2010中国城市规划年会论文集,2010:10.(LEI Cheng, FAN Lingyun. From"preferential policies area"to"integrated urban area":study on the transition of development zones[C]//Annual National Planning Conference 2010, 2010:10.)
[6]雷诚,王海滔,陈雪.新型城镇化背景下开发区转型发展的模式与策略探讨——基于苏州案例的比较[J].西部人居环境学刊,2014(2):15-19.(LEI Cheng, WANG Haitao,CHEN Xue. A study on transition pattern and strategy of development zone in the context of new urbanization-based on comparative studies of two cases in Suzhou[J]. Journal of Human Settlements in West China, 2014(2):15-19.)
[7]李芬,郑姝霞.我国开发区人口发展规划初探——以国家级经济技术开发区人口发展为例[J].人口学刊,2007(1):54-59.(LI Fen,ZHENG Shuxia. Study on the trend of population development of development zone in China[J]. Population Journal, 2007(1):54-59.)
[8]李文彬,陈浩.产城触合内涵解析与规划建议[J].城市挽划学刊,2012(7):99-103.(LI Wenbin, CHEN Hao. Analysis of city—industry integration and planning strategies[J]. Urban Planning Forum, 2012(7):99-103.)
[9]栾峰,何丹,王忆云.先发地区开发区的局部地段转型发展调查研究——以常州高新技术产业园区为例[J].城市规划学刊,2007(9):109-113.(LUAN Feng, HE Dan, WANG Yiyun. Study on transformation of certain areas of economic development zone in developed region——a survey of Changzhou Hi-Tech Development Zone[J]. Urban Planning Forum, 2007(9):109-113.)
[10]罗小龙,郑焕友,殷洁.开发区的“第三次创业”:从工业园走向新城——以苏州工业目转型为例[J].长江流城资源与环境,2011(7):819-824.(LUO Xiaolong, ZHENG Huanyou,YIN Jie.“Third transition"of development zones:from industrial zones to new urban district——a case study of Suzhou Industrial Park[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2011(7):819-824.)
[11]饶传坤,陈巍.向新城转型背景下的城市开发区空间发展研究——以杭州经济技术开发区为例[J].城市规划,2015(4):43-52.(RAO Chuankun, CHEN Wei. Research on the spatial development of urban development area under the background of its transformation to new town:a case study of Hangzhou Economic&Technological Development Area[J]. City Planning Review, 2015(4):43-52.)
[12]唐伟成,罗震东,耿磊.重启内生发展道路:乡镇企业在苏南小城镇发展演化中的作用与机制再思考[J].城市规划学刊.2013(2):95-101.(TANG Weicheng, LUO Zhendong,GENG Lei. Reopen the path of endogenous development:rethinking the roles and functional mechanism of township and village enterprises in the development of small towns in Sunan[J]. Urban Planning Forum. 2013(2):95-101.)
[13]王慧.开发区与城市相互关系的内在肌理及空间效应[J].城市规划,2003(3):20-25.(WANG Hui. Inter-relations and spatial effect between new development zones and their mother city[J]. City Planning Review, 2003(3):20-25.)
[14]王兴平,顾惠.我国开发区规划30年——面向全球化、市场化的城乡规划探索[J].规划师,2015(2):84-89.(WANG Xingping, GU Hui. 30 Years of development zone planning:toward globalization and market development[J].Planners, 2015(2):84-89.)
[15]王兴平,许景.中国城市开发区群的发展与演化——以南京为例[J].城市规划,2008(3):25-32.(WANG Xingping, XU Jing. Development of China development zone clusters:a case study of Nanjing[J]. City Planning Review,2008(3):25-32.)
[16]王兴平,袁新国,朱凯.开发区再开发路径研究——以南京高新区为例[J].现代城市研究,2011(5):7-12.(WANG Xingping, YUAN Xingno, ZHU Kai. Study on ways of re-development of development zones:the case study of Nanjing National New and Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone[J]. Modem Urban Research. 2011(5):7-12.)
[17]温铁军.解读苏南[M].苏州:苏州大学出版社,2011.(WEN Tiejun. Interpretation of Su—nan[M]. Suzhou:Soochow University Press,2011.)
[18]袁新国,王兴平.边缘城市对我国开发区再开发的借鉴研究——以宁波经济技术开发区为例[J].城市规划学刊,2010(6):95-101.(YUAN Xinguo. WANG Xingping. Edge city and its implication on the re-development of development zone:a case study of the Ningbo Economic-Technological Development Zone[J].Urban Planning Forum, 2010(6):95-101.)
[19]张晓平,刘卫东.开发区与我国城市空间结构演进及其动力机制[J].地理科学,2003(2):142-149.(ZHANG, Xiaoping, LIU Weidong. Role of development areas in urban spatial changes in China:types and dynamics[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2003(2):142-149.)
[20]张艳.开发区空间拓展与城市空间重构——苏锡常的实证分析与讨论[J].城市规划学刊,2007(1):49-54.(ZHANG Yan. The spatial expansion of development zones and urban spatial restructuring the cases of Suzhou, Wuxi and Changzhou[J]. Urban Planning Forum, 2007(1):49-54.)
[21]张艳.超越规模之争——论开发区的空间发展与转型[J].城市规划,2009(11):51-57.(ZHANG Yan. Controversy of scale:spatial expansion and transition of development zones[J].City Planning Review. 2009(11):51-57.)
[22]郑国.张延吉,基于要素演替的国家级开发区转型研究[J].经济地理,2014(12):114-118.(ZHENG Guo, ZHANG Yanji. The transition of national-level development zones in view of factors succession[J]. Economic Geography,2014(12):114-118.)
(1)数据来源于《中国开发区审核公告目录(2018年版)》。
(2)数据来源于紫金传媒智库,刘惟蓝,以高质量发展的指标体系引领开发区率先高质量发展,以及《开发区统计年鉴2016》。
(3)数据来源于《江苏省城市发展报告2015》。
(4)数据来源于1994-2002年历年《苏州工业园区统计数据》。
(5)见《国家发展和改革委员会、国土资源部、建设部关于全国各类开发区清理整顿工作总结报告(2007年)》。
(6)数据来源于苏州宿迁工业园区官网http://www.ssipac.gov.cn/。
(7)“一平台三机制”指一个大数据平台、综合评价机制、机理约束机制和预测决策机制。
[2]陈宏胜,王兴平,夏菁.供给侧改革背景下传统开发区社会化转型的理念、内涵与路径[J].城市规划学刊,2016(5):66-72.(CHEN Hongsheng, WANG Xingping, XIA Jing. The concept, connotation and path of social transformation of traditional development zones in a background of supply—side reform[J]. Urban Planning Forum, 2016(5):66-72.)
[3]程慧,刘玉亭.国家级经济技术开发区的转型路径与机制解析索[J].规划师,2017(7):112-118.(CHENG Hui, LIU Yuting. Transition path and mechanism of national economic and technique development zone[J]. Planners,2017(7):112-118.)
[4]洪银兴,陈宝敏.“苏南模式”的新发展——兼与“温州模式”比较[J].宏观经济研究,2001(7):29-34,52.(HONG Yinxing. CHEN Baonin. New development of Sunan urbanization model and its comparison with Wenzhou model[J]. Macroeconomics, 2001(7):29-34,52.)
[5]雷诚,范凌云.由“政策区”到“综合城区”一开发区的转型之路探讨[C]//规划创新:2010中国城市规划年会论文集,2010:10.(LEI Cheng, FAN Lingyun. From"preferential policies area"to"integrated urban area":study on the transition of development zones[C]//Annual National Planning Conference 2010, 2010:10.)
[6]雷诚,王海滔,陈雪.新型城镇化背景下开发区转型发展的模式与策略探讨——基于苏州案例的比较[J].西部人居环境学刊,2014(2):15-19.(LEI Cheng, WANG Haitao,CHEN Xue. A study on transition pattern and strategy of development zone in the context of new urbanization-based on comparative studies of two cases in Suzhou[J]. Journal of Human Settlements in West China, 2014(2):15-19.)
[7]李芬,郑姝霞.我国开发区人口发展规划初探——以国家级经济技术开发区人口发展为例[J].人口学刊,2007(1):54-59.(LI Fen,ZHENG Shuxia. Study on the trend of population development of development zone in China[J]. Population Journal, 2007(1):54-59.)
[8]李文彬,陈浩.产城触合内涵解析与规划建议[J].城市挽划学刊,2012(7):99-103.(LI Wenbin, CHEN Hao. Analysis of city—industry integration and planning strategies[J]. Urban Planning Forum, 2012(7):99-103.)
[9]栾峰,何丹,王忆云.先发地区开发区的局部地段转型发展调查研究——以常州高新技术产业园区为例[J].城市规划学刊,2007(9):109-113.(LUAN Feng, HE Dan, WANG Yiyun. Study on transformation of certain areas of economic development zone in developed region——a survey of Changzhou Hi-Tech Development Zone[J]. Urban Planning Forum, 2007(9):109-113.)
[10]罗小龙,郑焕友,殷洁.开发区的“第三次创业”:从工业园走向新城——以苏州工业目转型为例[J].长江流城资源与环境,2011(7):819-824.(LUO Xiaolong, ZHENG Huanyou,YIN Jie.“Third transition"of development zones:from industrial zones to new urban district——a case study of Suzhou Industrial Park[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2011(7):819-824.)
[11]饶传坤,陈巍.向新城转型背景下的城市开发区空间发展研究——以杭州经济技术开发区为例[J].城市规划,2015(4):43-52.(RAO Chuankun, CHEN Wei. Research on the spatial development of urban development area under the background of its transformation to new town:a case study of Hangzhou Economic&Technological Development Area[J]. City Planning Review, 2015(4):43-52.)
[12]唐伟成,罗震东,耿磊.重启内生发展道路:乡镇企业在苏南小城镇发展演化中的作用与机制再思考[J].城市规划学刊.2013(2):95-101.(TANG Weicheng, LUO Zhendong,GENG Lei. Reopen the path of endogenous development:rethinking the roles and functional mechanism of township and village enterprises in the development of small towns in Sunan[J]. Urban Planning Forum. 2013(2):95-101.)
[13]王慧.开发区与城市相互关系的内在肌理及空间效应[J].城市规划,2003(3):20-25.(WANG Hui. Inter-relations and spatial effect between new development zones and their mother city[J]. City Planning Review, 2003(3):20-25.)
[14]王兴平,顾惠.我国开发区规划30年——面向全球化、市场化的城乡规划探索[J].规划师,2015(2):84-89.(WANG Xingping, GU Hui. 30 Years of development zone planning:toward globalization and market development[J].Planners, 2015(2):84-89.)
[15]王兴平,许景.中国城市开发区群的发展与演化——以南京为例[J].城市规划,2008(3):25-32.(WANG Xingping, XU Jing. Development of China development zone clusters:a case study of Nanjing[J]. City Planning Review,2008(3):25-32.)
[16]王兴平,袁新国,朱凯.开发区再开发路径研究——以南京高新区为例[J].现代城市研究,2011(5):7-12.(WANG Xingping, YUAN Xingno, ZHU Kai. Study on ways of re-development of development zones:the case study of Nanjing National New and Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone[J]. Modem Urban Research. 2011(5):7-12.)
[17]温铁军.解读苏南[M].苏州:苏州大学出版社,2011.(WEN Tiejun. Interpretation of Su—nan[M]. Suzhou:Soochow University Press,2011.)
[18]袁新国,王兴平.边缘城市对我国开发区再开发的借鉴研究——以宁波经济技术开发区为例[J].城市规划学刊,2010(6):95-101.(YUAN Xinguo. WANG Xingping. Edge city and its implication on the re-development of development zone:a case study of the Ningbo Economic-Technological Development Zone[J].Urban Planning Forum, 2010(6):95-101.)
[19]张晓平,刘卫东.开发区与我国城市空间结构演进及其动力机制[J].地理科学,2003(2):142-149.(ZHANG, Xiaoping, LIU Weidong. Role of development areas in urban spatial changes in China:types and dynamics[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2003(2):142-149.)
[20]张艳.开发区空间拓展与城市空间重构——苏锡常的实证分析与讨论[J].城市规划学刊,2007(1):49-54.(ZHANG Yan. The spatial expansion of development zones and urban spatial restructuring the cases of Suzhou, Wuxi and Changzhou[J]. Urban Planning Forum, 2007(1):49-54.)
[21]张艳.超越规模之争——论开发区的空间发展与转型[J].城市规划,2009(11):51-57.(ZHANG Yan. Controversy of scale:spatial expansion and transition of development zones[J].City Planning Review. 2009(11):51-57.)
[22]郑国.张延吉,基于要素演替的国家级开发区转型研究[J].经济地理,2014(12):114-118.(ZHENG Guo, ZHANG Yanji. The transition of national-level development zones in view of factors succession[J]. Economic Geography,2014(12):114-118.)
(1)数据来源于《中国开发区审核公告目录(2018年版)》。
(2)数据来源于紫金传媒智库,刘惟蓝,以高质量发展的指标体系引领开发区率先高质量发展,以及《开发区统计年鉴2016》。
(3)数据来源于《江苏省城市发展报告2015》。
(4)数据来源于1994-2002年历年《苏州工业园区统计数据》。
(5)见《国家发展和改革委员会、国土资源部、建设部关于全国各类开发区清理整顿工作总结报告(2007年)》。
(6)数据来源于苏州宿迁工业园区官网http://www.ssipac.gov.cn/。
(7)“一平台三机制”指一个大数据平台、综合评价机制、机理约束机制和预测决策机制。