滇中高原湖盆区农作物秸秆集中处理选址地理信息系统空间模拟研究——以星云湖盆区江川县为例
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摘要
通过2016年江川县农作物的经济产量及草谷比系数估算得出秸秆产量,并结合2016年江川县第一次全国地理国情普查数据分析秸秆资源分布情况,基于地理信息系统(GIS)网络分析方法,采用最大化覆盖范围模型模拟出江川县6个秸秆集中处理位置,然后运用最小化阻抗模型实现再次优化布局。通过实地走访调查与实验分析,初步验证了6个集中收储位置的合理性,并同时获取实地运价标准,秸秆运输常用车辆类型、吨位、运价,分析各集中收储点的运输成本。结果表明:2016年江川县农作物经济产量、秸秆理论资源量、秸秆可收集量分别为425 230、122 512.80、87 798.08t;从收储规模和物流运输成本看,6个收储点的运输量总计为610 713.91km·t,运输成本总计为3 297 855.13元。研究方法与成果为将来实现农作物秸秆的规模化收集,存储位置选取及运输成本分析提供了重要参考依据。
This paper analysed the distribution of straw resources by the estimation of crop economic yield and straw/grain ratio coefficient in Jiangchuan in 2016 and with the data of the first National Geographic Survey of Jiangchuan in 2016.Based on the GIS Network analysis technology,6crop straw centralized treatment locations in Jiangchuan were simulated with the maximum coverage model and after that with the minimized impedance model,the locations were optimized again.Through the field investigation and experimental analysis,the rationality of the six locations were preliminarily verified.The transportation costs of each location were analyzed by the standard of field transportation rates,the types,tonnage,and freight rate of vehicles commonly used in straw transportation.The results showed that in 2016,the economic output of crops,the theoretical resources of straw and the collectible amount of straw in Jiangchuan were 425 230,122 512.80 and 87 798.08 t,respectively.From the view of storage scale and logistics transportation cost,the total transportation volume of the six location was 610 713.91km·t,and the total transportation cost was 3 297 855.13 yuan.The research methods and results provided an important reference for the future realization of crop straw collection,storage location selection and transportation cost analysis and research.
This paper analysed the distribution of straw resources by the estimation of crop economic yield and straw/grain ratio coefficient in Jiangchuan in 2016 and with the data of the first National Geographic Survey of Jiangchuan in 2016.Based on the GIS Network analysis technology,6crop straw centralized treatment locations in Jiangchuan were simulated with the maximum coverage model and after that with the minimized impedance model,the locations were optimized again.Through the field investigation and experimental analysis,the rationality of the six locations were preliminarily verified.The transportation costs of each location were analyzed by the standard of field transportation rates,the types,tonnage,and freight rate of vehicles commonly used in straw transportation.The results showed that in 2016,the economic output of crops,the theoretical resources of straw and the collectible amount of straw in Jiangchuan were 425 230,122 512.80 and 87 798.08 t,respectively.From the view of storage scale and logistics transportation cost,the total transportation volume of the six location was 610 713.91km·t,and the total transportation cost was 3 297 855.13 yuan.The research methods and results provided an important reference for the future realization of crop straw collection,storage location selection and transportation cost analysis and research.
引文
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[26]王雪,常志州,王效华,等.泗洪县车门乡稻麦秸秆收储设施选址[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(22):250-255.
[2]张崇尚,刘乐,陆岐楠,等.中国秸秆能源化利用潜力与秸秆能源企业区域布局研究[J].资源科学,2017,39(3):473-481.
[3]陈新锋.对我国农村焚烧秸秆污染及其治理的经济学分析——兼论农业现代化过程中农业生产要素的工业替代[J].中国农村经济,2001(2):47-52.
[4]吕宸,吕建强,王国平,等.我国农作物秸秆收集存在的问题及对策[J].现代农业科技,2012(22):203-204.
[5]牛强.城市规划GIS技术应用指南[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2012.
[6] CARRERAS M,SERRA D.On optimal location with threshold requirements[J].Socio-Economic Planning Sciences,1999,33(2):91-103.
[7] CHURCH R L,REVELLE C.Theoretical and computational links between the p-median,location set-covering,and the maximal covering location problem[J].Geographical Analysis,2010,8(4):406-415.
[8] CHURCH R L,REVELLE C S.The maximal covering location problem[J].Papers of Regional Science Association,1974,32(1):101-118.
[9] ALEXANDRIS G,GIANNIKOS I.A new model for maximal coverage exploiting GIS capabilities[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2010,202(2):328-338.
[10]牛若峰.农业技术经济手册[M].北京:农业出版社,1987.
[11]张福春,朱志辉.中国作物的收获指数[J].中国农业科学,1990,23(2):83-87.
[12]梁业森.非常规饲料资源的开发与利用[M].北京:农业出版社,1996.
[13]李京京,任东明,庄幸.可再生能源资源的系统评价方法及实例[J].自然资源学报,2001,16(4):373-380.
[14]韩鲁佳,闫巧娟,刘向阳,等.中国农作物秸秆资源及其利用现状[J].农业工程学报,2002,18(3):87-91.
[15]钟华平,岳燕珍,樊江文.中国作物秸秆资源及其利用[J].资源科学,2003,25(4):62-67.
[16]张培栋,杨艳丽,李光全,等.中国农作物秸秆能源化潜力估算[J].可再生资源,2007,25(6):80-83.
[17]刘刚,沈镭.中国生物质能源的定量评价及其地理分布[J].自然资源学报,2007,22(1):9-18.
[18]王丽,李雪铭,许妍.中国大陆秸秆露天焚烧的经济学损失研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2008,22(2):170-175.
[19]田宜水,孟海波.农作物秸秆开发利用技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2008.
[20]高利伟,马林,张卫峰,等.中国作物秸秆养分资源量估算及其利用状况[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(7):173-179.
[21]毕于运.秸秆资源评价与利用研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2010.
[22]王琛,胡玉福,魏晋,等.区域农业废弃物资源存量估算及利用现状[J].四川农业大学学报,2011,29(1):119-123,135.
[23]谢光辉,韩东倩,王晓玉,等.中国禾谷类大田作物收获指数和秸秆系数[J].中国农业大学学报,2011,16(1):1-8.
[24]谢光辉,王晓玉,韩东倩,等.中国非禾谷类大田作物收获指数和秸秆系数[J].中国农业大学学报,2011,16(1):9-17.
[25]王晓玉,薛帅,谢光辉.大田作物秸秆量评估中秸秆系数取值研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2012,17(1):1-8.
[26]王雪,常志州,王效华,等.泗洪县车门乡稻麦秸秆收储设施选址[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(22):250-255.