基于机匣应变的航空发动机碰摩故障识别
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摘要
针对双转子航空发动机采用柔性机匣设计理念,提出了在进气机匣或中介机匣承力支板加装应变桥路,从机匣动应变中提取特征频率来识别发动机转静碰摩故障的一种方法。建立了简化的转子-机匣碰摩动力学模型,分析得出了双转子发动机转静碰摩特征频率,利用该特征频率准确识别出了某型发动机飞行试验中多次转静碰摩故障。理论分析和飞行试验表明:机匣应变能够灵敏的拾取转静碰摩振动信号;双转子发动机发生转静碰摩时,振动频谱中会出现mΩ_H±nΩ_L高低压转频组合频率成分,可依据该组合频率来判断碰摩故障是否发生;振动频谱中出现mΩ_H±Ω_L组合频率成分并不能定位高压转子发生碰摩,同理,振动频谱中出现Ω_H±nΩ_L组合频率成分也不能定位低压转子发生碰摩。
A method for identification aero-engine rotor-stator rub-impact fault is proposed in view of the concept of the flexible casing design for dual-shaft aero-engine. Rub-impact is recognized through seeking the characteristic frequencies from dynamic strain before strain bridges should be installed in the inlet or intermediate casing. A simplified rotor-casing rub-impact dynamics model is established, and the dual-shaft engine rubbing characteristic frequencies are analyzed. Through seeking the characteristic frequencies several rub-impact faults are identified accurately in flight test at a certain aero-engine. Theoretical analysis and flight test show that the casing strain can sensitively pick up rub-impact vibration signals. When rub-impact fault occurs the combined frequencies of the high-rotor and low-rotor rotational frequency mΩ_H±nΩ_L will appear in vibration spectrum, and the rub-impact fault can be judged from the combined frequencies. The combination frequencies mΩ_H±Ω_L appeared in vibration spectrum are felt to locate a high-pressure rotor rubbing. Similarly, the combination frequencies Ω_H±nΩ_L are felt to a locate low-pressure rotor rubbing.
A method for identification aero-engine rotor-stator rub-impact fault is proposed in view of the concept of the flexible casing design for dual-shaft aero-engine. Rub-impact is recognized through seeking the characteristic frequencies from dynamic strain before strain bridges should be installed in the inlet or intermediate casing. A simplified rotor-casing rub-impact dynamics model is established, and the dual-shaft engine rubbing characteristic frequencies are analyzed. Through seeking the characteristic frequencies several rub-impact faults are identified accurately in flight test at a certain aero-engine. Theoretical analysis and flight test show that the casing strain can sensitively pick up rub-impact vibration signals. When rub-impact fault occurs the combined frequencies of the high-rotor and low-rotor rotational frequency mΩ_H±nΩ_L will appear in vibration spectrum, and the rub-impact fault can be judged from the combined frequencies. The combination frequencies mΩ_H±Ω_L appeared in vibration spectrum are felt to locate a high-pressure rotor rubbing. Similarly, the combination frequencies Ω_H±nΩ_L are felt to a locate low-pressure rotor rubbing.
引文
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[15] 雷晓波,张强,文敏,等.航空发动机安装节推力测量技术与试验[J].航空学报,2017,38(12):21-28.LEI X B,ZHANG Q,WEN M,et al.Mount Thrust Measurement Technique for Aero-Engines and Its Tests[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2017,38(12):21-28.(in Chinese)
[2] 马辉,太兴宇,李焕军,等.旋转叶片-机匣碰摩模型及试验研究综述[J].航空动力学报,2013,28(9):2055-2069.MA H,TAI X Y,LI H J,et al.Literature Survey of Rub-Impact Model and Experiment of Rotating Blade and Casing[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2013,28(9):2055-2069.(in Chinese)
[3] 赵述元,张群岩,李飞行.航空发动机试飞转-静子碰摩故障分析[J].现代机械,2009(5):24-26.ZHAO S Y,ZHANG Q Y,LI F X.Analysis of Aeroengine Rotor-Stator Rub-Impact Fault in Flight-Test[J].Modern Machinery,2009(5):24-26.(in Chinese)
[4] 符娆,张群岩,赵述元,等.航空发动机试飞中转静子碰摩故障信号处理的希尔伯特-黄变换(HHT)方法[J].噪声与振动控制,2012,32(2):123-127.FU R,ZHANG Q Y,ZHAO S Y,et al.Signal Processing of Rubbing Trouble between Rotor and Stator of Aeroengines in Flight-Test Using Hilbert-Huang Transform[J].Noise and Vibration Control,2012,32 (2):123-127.(in Chinese).
[5] 廖明夫,宋明波,张霞妹.转子/机匣碰摩引起的转子弯扭耦合振动[J].振动·测试与诊断,2016,36(5):1009-1017.LIAO M F,SONG M B,ZHANG X M.Coupled Bending and Torsional Vibration Due To Rotor-Casing Contact[J].Journal of Vibration,Measurement & Diagnosis,2016,36(5):1009-1017.(in Chinese)
[6] 刘书国,洪杰,陈萌.航空发动机叶片-机匣碰摩过程的数值模拟[J].航空动力学报,2011,26(6):1282-1288.LIU S G,HONG J,CHEN M.Numerical Simulation of the Dynamic Process of Aero-Engine Blade-to-Case Rub-Impact[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2011,26(6):1282-1288.(in Chinese)
[7] 陈果.含碰摩故障的新型转子-滚动轴承-机匣耦合动力学模型[J].振动工程学报,2009,22(5):538-545.CHEN G.A Dynamic Model for Rotor-Ball Bearing-Stator Coupling System with Rubbing Faults [J].Journal of Vibration Engineering,2009,22(5):538-545.(in Chinese)
[8] 巩孟林,陈卫,钟也磐.PSO稀疏分解在齿轮信号故障特征提取中的应用[J].空军工程大学学报(自然科学版),2018,19(3):13-18.GONG M L,CHEN W,ZHONG Y P.PSO Sparse Decomposition and Its Application in the Fault Signal Feature Extraction of Gear[J].Journal of Air Force Engineering University(Natural Science Edition),2018,19(3):13-18.(in Chinese)
[9] 晏砺堂,王德友.航空双转子发动机动静件碰摩振动特征研究[J].航空动力学报,1998,13(2) :173-176.YAN L T,WANG D Y.Vibration Features from Rubbing between Rotor and Casing for a Dual-Shaft Aeroengine[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,1998,13(2):173-176.(in Chinese)
[10] 陈果,于明月,刘永泉,等.基于倒频谱分析的航空发动机转静碰摩部位识别[J].机械工程学报,2014,50(7):32-38.CHEN G,YU M Y,LIU Y Q,et al.Identifying Rotor-Stator Rubbing Positions Using the Cepstrum Analysis Technique[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2014,50(7):32-38.(in Chinese)
[11] 王俨剀,王理,廖明夫,等.双转子发动机转子-机匣碰摩振动特征研究[J].机械科学与技术,2014,33(4):614-620.WANG Y K,WANG L,LIAO M F,et al.Exploring Vibration Characteristics of Dual-Rotor Engine’s Rotor-to-Case Rub-Impact[J].Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering,2014,33(4):614-620.(in Chinese)
[12] 王四季,廖明夫,蒋云帆,等.对转双转子局部碰摩故障实验[J].推进技术,2013,34(1):31-36.WANG S J,LIAO M F,JIANG Y F,et al.Experimental Study on Local Rub-Impact Fault of Counter-Rotating Dual-Rotor[J].Journal of Propulsion Technology,2013,34(1):31-36.(in Chinese)
[13] 于明月,陈果,刘永泉,等.基于机匣应变信号的航空发动机转静碰摩部位识别[J].航空学报,2013,34(6):1474-1483.YU M Y,CHEN G,LIU Y Q,et al.Aero-Engine Rotor-Stator Rubbing Position Identification Based on Casing Strain Signals[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2013,34(6):1474-1483.(in Chinese)
[14] 雷晓波,李密,张强,等.航空发动机推力直接测量飞行试验[J].航空动力学报,2018,33(7):1631-1638.LEI X B,LI M,ZHANG Q,et al.Direct Thrust Measurement Flight Test of Aero-Engine[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2018,33(7):1631-1638.(in Chinese)
[15] 雷晓波,张强,文敏,等.航空发动机安装节推力测量技术与试验[J].航空学报,2017,38(12):21-28.LEI X B,ZHANG Q,WEN M,et al.Mount Thrust Measurement Technique for Aero-Engines and Its Tests[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2017,38(12):21-28.(in Chinese)