基于多源探测资料对四川一次冰雹天气的分析
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摘要
利用多普勒雷达、地基微波辐射计、激光雨滴谱仪等资料,分析了宜宾2017年4月13日一次降雹过程,探讨新型探测资料在冰雹监测预警中的应用。研究结果表明:(1)阶梯槽是冰雹天气过程重要的环流形势,短波北槽触发了大气不稳定能量的爆发释放。0～6km存在较深厚的垂直风切变,0℃高度出现在约3.5km处。(2)此次降雹过程的回波特征为多单体强风暴,垂直结构上有回波悬垂和弱回波特征区,VIL有四次明显的跃增,20:44VIL密度值>4g·m~(-3)。(3)降雹前,0～10km相对湿度垂直分布存在"上下干,中间湿"的3层结构,K指数为40℃,降雹开始后相对湿度垂直分布存在"上干下湿"的2层结构,K指数波动较大;大气水汽总含量、大气液态水总量急剧增长,降雹发生在二者的波峰上。(4)雨滴谱仪观测到的降雹时段为20:56～21:19,最大冰雹直径为8.5mm;降水粒子的直径较小,大多数粒子直径只有0.2～1mm,雨滴谱呈双峰型分布特点,双峰上雨滴谱谱宽加大,雨强增大。
Based on documents from Doppler radar,Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer and Laser Disdrometer,we analyze a hailstorm process on April 13 th, 2017, Yibin, and discuss the applications of the new detection data in the hail monitoring and warning.(1) The step trough is an important circulation pattern in hailstorm process, and the short wave north trough triggers the explosive release of instability energy. The deep of vertical section exists between 0～6 km, and attitude of 0℃ exists in about 3.5 km.(2) The radar echo character of this hailstorm process is: the appearance of bow's multi-cell convective storm, BEWR and suspension echo exists in vertical structures, VIL jumped evidently by four times, the density of VIL is greater than 4 g·m~(-3).(3) Before the hailstorm, the relative humidity manifests a 3-layer structure of vertical division, the K index is 40℃; in the process, the relative humidity manifests a 2-layer structure of vertical division, the K index fluctuates obviously; Total atmospheric water vapor content and total amount of atmospheric liquid water increases dramatically and hailstorm happens in the crest of wave.(4) The hailstorm interval observed by Laser Disdrometer is 20:56～21:19, the hail maximum diameter is 8.5 mm; the diameter of precipitation particle is small, most of which are only 0.2～1 mm,raindrop size distribution manifests a bimodal distribution, raindrop size widens and hailstorm increases on double front.
Based on documents from Doppler radar,Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer and Laser Disdrometer,we analyze a hailstorm process on April 13 th, 2017, Yibin, and discuss the applications of the new detection data in the hail monitoring and warning.(1) The step trough is an important circulation pattern in hailstorm process, and the short wave north trough triggers the explosive release of instability energy. The deep of vertical section exists between 0～6 km, and attitude of 0℃ exists in about 3.5 km.(2) The radar echo character of this hailstorm process is: the appearance of bow's multi-cell convective storm, BEWR and suspension echo exists in vertical structures, VIL jumped evidently by four times, the density of VIL is greater than 4 g·m~(-3).(3) Before the hailstorm, the relative humidity manifests a 3-layer structure of vertical division, the K index is 40℃; in the process, the relative humidity manifests a 2-layer structure of vertical division, the K index fluctuates obviously; Total atmospheric water vapor content and total amount of atmospheric liquid water increases dramatically and hailstorm happens in the crest of wave.(4) The hailstorm interval observed by Laser Disdrometer is 20:56～21:19, the hail maximum diameter is 8.5 mm; the diameter of precipitation particle is small, most of which are only 0.2～1 mm,raindrop size distribution manifests a bimodal distribution, raindrop size widens and hailstorm increases on double front.
引文
[1] 丁小剑,唐明晖,陈德桥,等.两次冰雹过程多普勒天气雷达产品的对比分析[J].气象与环境科学,2010,33(2):42-47
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[7] 翁之梅,黄晓龙,李南,等.一次高层东风波背景下风雹过程成因分析[J].气象与环境科学,2018,41(3):98-106
[8] 房彬,郭学良,肖辉,等.辽宁地区不同降水云系雨滴谱参数及其特征量研究[J].大气科学,2016,40(6):1154-1164
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[10] 李慧,银燕,单云鹏,等.黄山层状云和对流云降水不同高度的雨滴谱统计特征分析[J].大气科学,2018,42(2):268-280
[11] 柳臣中,周筠珺,谷娟,等.成都地区雨滴谱特征[J].应用气象学报,2015,26(1):112-121
[12] 濮江平,张昊,周晓,等.对流性降水雨滴谱特征及其与雷达反射率因子的对比分析[J].气象科学,2012,32(3):253-259
[13] 李睿劼,李宏宇.微波辐射计计算准指数对降水的反应[J].气象,2008,34(S1):185-191
[14] 李聪,姜有山,姜迪,等.一次冰雹天气过程的多源资料观测分析[J].气象,2017,42(9):1084-1094
[15] 黄治勇,周志敏,徐桂荣,等.风廓线雷达和地基微波辐射计在冰雹天气监测中的应用[J].高原气象,2015,34(1):269-278
[16] 黄治勇,徐桂荣,王晓芳,等.基于地基微波辐射计资料对咸宁两次冰雹天气的观测分析[J].气象,2014,40(2):216-222
[17] 唐仁茂,李德俊,向玉春,等.地基微波辐射计对咸宁一次冰雹天气过程的监测分析[J].气象学报,2012,70(40):806-813
[18] Amburm S A,Wolf P L.VIL Density as a hail indicator[J].Weather Forecasting,1997,12(3):473-478
[2] 郭媚媚,赖天问,罗炽坤,等.2011年4月17日广东强冰雹天气过程的成因及特征分析[J].热带气象学报,2012,28(3):425-432
[3] 蔡寿强,牛生杰,郭彬,等.湖北保康两次冰雹天气过程的综合分析[J].大气科学学报,2015,37(1):108-118
[4] 刘晓璐,周长春.川西南山地冰雹雷达预警指标[J].气象科技,2016,44(2):252-304
[5] 胡胜,罗聪,张羽,等.广东大冰雹风暴单体的多普勒天气雷达特征[J].应用气象学报,2015,26(1):57-65
[6] 达瓦泽仁,央美,王秀明,等.那曲市历年冰雹日数变化特征及冰雹、雷暴环境条件分析[J].气象与环境科学,2018,41(4):82-89
[7] 翁之梅,黄晓龙,李南,等.一次高层东风波背景下风雹过程成因分析[J].气象与环境科学,2018,41(3):98-106
[8] 房彬,郭学良,肖辉,等.辽宁地区不同降水云系雨滴谱参数及其特征量研究[J].大气科学,2016,40(6):1154-1164
[9] 吴亚昊,刘黎平,周筠珺,等.雨滴谱的变化对降水估测的影响研究[J].高原气象,2016,35(1):220-230
[10] 李慧,银燕,单云鹏,等.黄山层状云和对流云降水不同高度的雨滴谱统计特征分析[J].大气科学,2018,42(2):268-280
[11] 柳臣中,周筠珺,谷娟,等.成都地区雨滴谱特征[J].应用气象学报,2015,26(1):112-121
[12] 濮江平,张昊,周晓,等.对流性降水雨滴谱特征及其与雷达反射率因子的对比分析[J].气象科学,2012,32(3):253-259
[13] 李睿劼,李宏宇.微波辐射计计算准指数对降水的反应[J].气象,2008,34(S1):185-191
[14] 李聪,姜有山,姜迪,等.一次冰雹天气过程的多源资料观测分析[J].气象,2017,42(9):1084-1094
[15] 黄治勇,周志敏,徐桂荣,等.风廓线雷达和地基微波辐射计在冰雹天气监测中的应用[J].高原气象,2015,34(1):269-278
[16] 黄治勇,徐桂荣,王晓芳,等.基于地基微波辐射计资料对咸宁两次冰雹天气的观测分析[J].气象,2014,40(2):216-222
[17] 唐仁茂,李德俊,向玉春,等.地基微波辐射计对咸宁一次冰雹天气过程的监测分析[J].气象学报,2012,70(40):806-813
[18] Amburm S A,Wolf P L.VIL Density as a hail indicator[J].Weather Forecasting,1997,12(3):473-478