不同甘蔗品种收获指数研究
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摘要
研究甘蔗收获指数遗传与性状相关特点,为甘蔗机械化品种选育、亲本选配、杂交后代选择提供参考和指导;选用国内外20个甘蔗品种连续2年在干旱胁迫条件下测试甘蔗收获指数与相关农艺性状,采用相关和线性混合模型等方法进行数据分析。结果表明所有参试甘蔗品种的收获指数为58%～77%,平均为68.5%;不同甘蔗品种的收获指数差异较大且受到试验年度、品种与年份互作和干旱胁迫与年份互作的显著影响,而干旱胁迫及复水对其影响极小。ROC22是参试品种中收获指数最高的品种且极显著高于其他品种;ROC10是收获指数最低的品种且极显著低于其他品种。甘蔗收获指数属广义遗传力较高的性状,与枯叶数、株高、蔗茎产量和总叶数存在显著或极显著正相关,与叶梢重、绿叶比、绿叶数和有效茎数存在极显著负相关。因此,选配机械化品种杂交组合时,宜用收获指数高的亲本进行杂交,并注重利用甘蔗叶梢重、蔗茎产量、株高、绿叶比和枯叶数等性状对杂交后代的甘蔗收获指数进行间接选择。
The aim of this study was to understand the inheritance of harvest index and its correlations with some related traits in sugarcane, and provide reference and guidance for the selection of both parental clones and progeny in sugarcane breeding for mechanization operation. The sugarcane harvest index and related agronomic traits in 20 sugarcane varieties(from home and abroad) were investigated in two crop cycles under drought stress.The correlation and linear mixing models were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the harvest index of all sugarcane varieties was in range from 58% to 77%, with an average of 68.5%. The difference of harvest index among different sugarcane varieties was significant, which was influenced significantly by year, interaction of variety and year as well as drought stress and year, while slightly impacted by drought stress and rewatering treatment. Harvest index of ROC22 was the highest, and significantly higher than other varieties; harvest index of ROC10 was the lowest and significantly lower than other varieties. The sugarcane harvest index was a trait of high broad-sense heritability, which had significant or very significant positive correlation with dry leaf number, plant height, cane yield and total leaf number, and had very significant negative correlation with cane top and leaf weight, green leaf ratio, green leaf number and millable stalks. When designing crosses for breeding for mechanization operation, we suggested a high priority of the parental clones with high harvest index, and an indirectly selection for high harvest index by combining together the related traits such as cane top, leaf weight,cane yield, plant height, green leaf ratio and dry leaf number.
The aim of this study was to understand the inheritance of harvest index and its correlations with some related traits in sugarcane, and provide reference and guidance for the selection of both parental clones and progeny in sugarcane breeding for mechanization operation. The sugarcane harvest index and related agronomic traits in 20 sugarcane varieties(from home and abroad) were investigated in two crop cycles under drought stress.The correlation and linear mixing models were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the harvest index of all sugarcane varieties was in range from 58% to 77%, with an average of 68.5%. The difference of harvest index among different sugarcane varieties was significant, which was influenced significantly by year, interaction of variety and year as well as drought stress and year, while slightly impacted by drought stress and rewatering treatment. Harvest index of ROC22 was the highest, and significantly higher than other varieties; harvest index of ROC10 was the lowest and significantly lower than other varieties. The sugarcane harvest index was a trait of high broad-sense heritability, which had significant or very significant positive correlation with dry leaf number, plant height, cane yield and total leaf number, and had very significant negative correlation with cane top and leaf weight, green leaf ratio, green leaf number and millable stalks. When designing crosses for breeding for mechanization operation, we suggested a high priority of the parental clones with high harvest index, and an indirectly selection for high harvest index by combining together the related traits such as cane top, leaf weight,cane yield, plant height, green leaf ratio and dry leaf number.
引文
[1]陈超平,阳慈香,杨丹彤,牟向伟.甘蔗机械化收获系统的试验与分析[J].华南农业大学学报,2009,30(3):107-109.
[2]张华,罗俊,袁照年,等.甘蔗机械化种植的农艺技术分析[J].中国农机化学报,2013,34(1):78-81.
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[4]Bryan A,Atkin F,Stringer J,Wei X M. Comparison of methods to assess suckering in the SRA northern variety improvement program[C]. Proc. Aust. Soc. Sugar Cane Technol.,2014,36:264-270.
[5]方志存,高欣欣,李美蓉,等.不同收获方式对甘蔗农艺性状及产量的影响[J].中国糖料,2016,38(5):6-8.
[6]孙涛,李艳芳,李树忠,等.西双版纳州甘蔗机械收获损失调查及对策初探[J].中国糖料,2014,36(3):58-59.
[7]Kapur R,Duttamajumder S K,Srivastava B L,Madhok H L,Kumar R. Harvest index and the components of biological yield in sugarcane[J]. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding,2013,73(4):386-391.
[8]Baez-Gonzalez A D,Kiniry J R,Meki M N,et al. Crop parameters for modeling sugarcane under rainfed conditions in Mexico[J].Sustainability,2017,9(8):1337-1355.
[9]Bastos A V S,Oliveira R C D,Silva N F D,et al. Productivity and Dry Matter Accumulation of Sugarcane Crop under Irrigation and Nitrogen Application at Rio Verde GO,Brazil[J]. American Journal of Plant Sciences,2015,6(14):2374-2384.
[10]Chattha M N,Chattha M U,Hassan M B,Ahmad M R. Sugarcane processing by-product compost supplemented with inorganic fertilizers improve the growth,yield quality of spring planted sugarcane(Saccharum officinarum L.)[J]. Journal of Agricultural Research(Lahore),2016,54(4):631-645.
[11]Karmollachaab A,Bakhshandeh A,Moraditlavat M R,et al. Effect of chemical ripeners application on yield,quality and technological ripening of sugarcane(Saccharum officinarum L.).[J]. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences,2015,17(1):63-73.
[12]Hussain K,Majeed A,Nawaz K,et al. Comparative study of subsurface drip irrigation and flood irrigation systems for quality and yield of sugarcane.[J]. African Journal of Agricultural Research,2010,5(22):3026-3034.
[13]潘晓华,邓强辉.作物收获指数的研究进展[J].江西农业大学学报,2007,29(1):1-5.
[14]何强,邢俊杰,舒服,张武汉,邓华凤.水稻收获指数研究概况与展望[J].杂交水稻,2012,27(6):3-6.
[15]柳洪鹃,史春余,柴沙沙.不同产量水平甘薯品种光合产物分配差异及其原因[J].作物学报,2015,41(3):440-447.
[16]戴祥来,赵继献,向阳,等.甘蓝型杂交油菜收获指数与植株性状的相关分析[J].中国农学通报,2018,34(2):12-17.
[17]Aitken K S,Jackson P A,McIntyre C L. Quantitative trait loci identified for sugar related traits in a sugarcane(Saccharum spp.)cultivar×Saccharum officinarum population[J]. Theoretical&Applied Genetics,2006,112(7):1306-1317.
[18]杨荣仲,梁强,桂意云,等.机械化收获对甘蔗宿根发株的影响[J].西南农业学报,2014,27(5):2195-2202.
[19]李毅杰,梁强,董文斌,等.土壤压实对宿根甘蔗出苗及根系形成的影响[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(9):2041-2047.
[2]张华,罗俊,袁照年,等.甘蔗机械化种植的农艺技术分析[J].中国农机化学报,2013,34(1):78-81.
[3]王维赞,方锋学,朱秋珍,等.甘蔗机械收获农艺配套关键技术探讨[J].中国农机化,2010(5):63-64.
[4]Bryan A,Atkin F,Stringer J,Wei X M. Comparison of methods to assess suckering in the SRA northern variety improvement program[C]. Proc. Aust. Soc. Sugar Cane Technol.,2014,36:264-270.
[5]方志存,高欣欣,李美蓉,等.不同收获方式对甘蔗农艺性状及产量的影响[J].中国糖料,2016,38(5):6-8.
[6]孙涛,李艳芳,李树忠,等.西双版纳州甘蔗机械收获损失调查及对策初探[J].中国糖料,2014,36(3):58-59.
[7]Kapur R,Duttamajumder S K,Srivastava B L,Madhok H L,Kumar R. Harvest index and the components of biological yield in sugarcane[J]. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding,2013,73(4):386-391.
[8]Baez-Gonzalez A D,Kiniry J R,Meki M N,et al. Crop parameters for modeling sugarcane under rainfed conditions in Mexico[J].Sustainability,2017,9(8):1337-1355.
[9]Bastos A V S,Oliveira R C D,Silva N F D,et al. Productivity and Dry Matter Accumulation of Sugarcane Crop under Irrigation and Nitrogen Application at Rio Verde GO,Brazil[J]. American Journal of Plant Sciences,2015,6(14):2374-2384.
[10]Chattha M N,Chattha M U,Hassan M B,Ahmad M R. Sugarcane processing by-product compost supplemented with inorganic fertilizers improve the growth,yield quality of spring planted sugarcane(Saccharum officinarum L.)[J]. Journal of Agricultural Research(Lahore),2016,54(4):631-645.
[11]Karmollachaab A,Bakhshandeh A,Moraditlavat M R,et al. Effect of chemical ripeners application on yield,quality and technological ripening of sugarcane(Saccharum officinarum L.).[J]. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences,2015,17(1):63-73.
[12]Hussain K,Majeed A,Nawaz K,et al. Comparative study of subsurface drip irrigation and flood irrigation systems for quality and yield of sugarcane.[J]. African Journal of Agricultural Research,2010,5(22):3026-3034.
[13]潘晓华,邓强辉.作物收获指数的研究进展[J].江西农业大学学报,2007,29(1):1-5.
[14]何强,邢俊杰,舒服,张武汉,邓华凤.水稻收获指数研究概况与展望[J].杂交水稻,2012,27(6):3-6.
[15]柳洪鹃,史春余,柴沙沙.不同产量水平甘薯品种光合产物分配差异及其原因[J].作物学报,2015,41(3):440-447.
[16]戴祥来,赵继献,向阳,等.甘蓝型杂交油菜收获指数与植株性状的相关分析[J].中国农学通报,2018,34(2):12-17.
[17]Aitken K S,Jackson P A,McIntyre C L. Quantitative trait loci identified for sugar related traits in a sugarcane(Saccharum spp.)cultivar×Saccharum officinarum population[J]. Theoretical&Applied Genetics,2006,112(7):1306-1317.
[18]杨荣仲,梁强,桂意云,等.机械化收获对甘蔗宿根发株的影响[J].西南农业学报,2014,27(5):2195-2202.
[19]李毅杰,梁强,董文斌,等.土壤压实对宿根甘蔗出苗及根系形成的影响[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(9):2041-2047.