扭力冲击器设计与仿真分析
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摘要
PDC钻头在深部硬地层钻进时存在蹩跳钻现象严重、单只钻头进尺低及机械钻速低等问题。为此,开设了扭力冲击器设计工作,并对工具的水力特性进行了仿真及室内测试。扭力冲击器主要通过水力切换总成、冲击总成及放掉总成实现对钻头的周期性扭矩冲击。流场仿真及室内测试结果表明:扭力冲击器高、低压腔快速切换表明其结构设计合理,能够通过启动锤的快速运动实现冲击锤反复冲击;扭力冲击器能够正常运转并提供稳定的高频扭矩,且启动流量不低于5. 4L/s。所得结论为扭力冲击工具的优化设计及现场应用提供了参考。
PDC bit often suffers problems like severe bit bouncing,short footage and low ROP when drills in deep hard formations. To address the problems,the torque thruster is designed and its hydraulic characteristics are simulated and tested indoors. The torque thruster achieves a periodic torque shock to the drill bit through the hydraulic switching assembly,the impact assembly,and the release assembly. The flow field simulation and indoor test results show that the high and low pressure chambers of the torque thruster are quickly switched,indicating that the structure design is reasonable,and the repeat action of the impact hammer can be achieved by the rapid movement of the starting hammer. The torque impactor can operate normally and provide stable high frequency torque,with a starting flow rate of not less than 5. 4 L/s. The study could provide a reference for the optimal design and field application of the torque thruster.
PDC bit often suffers problems like severe bit bouncing,short footage and low ROP when drills in deep hard formations. To address the problems,the torque thruster is designed and its hydraulic characteristics are simulated and tested indoors. The torque thruster achieves a periodic torque shock to the drill bit through the hydraulic switching assembly,the impact assembly,and the release assembly. The flow field simulation and indoor test results show that the high and low pressure chambers of the torque thruster are quickly switched,indicating that the structure design is reasonable,and the repeat action of the impact hammer can be achieved by the rapid movement of the starting hammer. The torque impactor can operate normally and provide stable high frequency torque,with a starting flow rate of not less than 5. 4 L/s. The study could provide a reference for the optimal design and field application of the torque thruster.
引文
[1]张晓东,易发权,张强,等.PDC钻头与岩石相互作用规律试验研究[J].江汉石油学院学报,2003,25(6):64-65.ZHANG X D,YI F Q,ZHANG Q,et al.The study of reactions between PDC bit and rock[J].Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute,2003,25(6):64-65.
[2]韦忠良,陈庭根.PDC钻头钻进时扭矩影响因素研究[J].石油钻探技术,1995,23(1):50-51.WEI Z L,CHEN T G.The study of torsional influence of PDC bit while drilling[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,1995,23(1):50-51.
[3]韩春杰,闫铁.大位移井钻柱“粘滞-滑动”规律研究[J].天然气工业,2004,24(11):58-60.HAN C J,YAN T.Research on the“stricking-slipping”law of drilling string in extendedreach well[J].Natural Gas Industry,2004,24(11):58-60.
[4]韩飞,郭慧娟,戴扬,等.PDC钻头扭矩控制技术分析[J].石油矿场机械,2012,41(12):69-71.HAN F,GUO H J,DAI Y,et al.Analysis of PDC bit torque controlling technology[J].Oil Field Equipment,2012,41(12):69-71.
[5]ROMMETVEIT R,BJORKEVOLL K S,HALSEY G W,et al.Drilltronics:an integrated system for real-timeoptimization of the drilling process[R].SPE 87124-MS,2004.
[6]查春青,柳贡慧,李军,等.复合冲击钻具的研制及现场试验[J].石油钻探技术,2017,45(1):57-61.ZHA C Q,LIU G H,LI J,et al.Development and field application of a compound percussive jet[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2017,45(1):57-61.
[7]李美求,李嘉文,李宁,等.周向冲击扭矩作用下PDC钻头的黏滑振动分析[J].石油钻采工艺,2018,40(3):287-292.LI M Q,LI J W,LI N,et al.Analysis on the stickslip vibration of PDC bit under the effect of circumferential torque impact[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2018,40(3):287-292.
[8]韩成,韦龙贵,陈浩东,等.南海西部油田常规探井钻井提速配套技术[J].石油钻采工艺,2018,40(5):567-571.HAN C,WEI L G,CHEN H D,et al.ROP enhancing technologies applied in conventional exploration wells in western South China Sea Oilfield[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2018,40(5):567-571.
[9]YIGIT A S,CHRISTOFOROU A P.Stick-slip and bitbounce interaction in oil-well drillstrings[J].Journal of Energy Resources Technology,2006,128(4):268-274.
[10]RICHARD T,GERMAY C,DETOUMAY E.A simplified model to explore the root cause of stick-slip vibrations in drilling systems with drag bits[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2007,305:432-456.
[11]KYLLINGSTAD A,NESSJOEN P J.A new stick-slip prevention system[R].SPE 119660,2009.
[12]BESSELINK B,WOUW N,NIJMEIJER H.A semianalytical study of stick-slip oscillations in drilling systems[J].Journal of Computational and Nonlinear Dynamics,2011,6(2):021006-021015.
[2]韦忠良,陈庭根.PDC钻头钻进时扭矩影响因素研究[J].石油钻探技术,1995,23(1):50-51.WEI Z L,CHEN T G.The study of torsional influence of PDC bit while drilling[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,1995,23(1):50-51.
[3]韩春杰,闫铁.大位移井钻柱“粘滞-滑动”规律研究[J].天然气工业,2004,24(11):58-60.HAN C J,YAN T.Research on the“stricking-slipping”law of drilling string in extendedreach well[J].Natural Gas Industry,2004,24(11):58-60.
[4]韩飞,郭慧娟,戴扬,等.PDC钻头扭矩控制技术分析[J].石油矿场机械,2012,41(12):69-71.HAN F,GUO H J,DAI Y,et al.Analysis of PDC bit torque controlling technology[J].Oil Field Equipment,2012,41(12):69-71.
[5]ROMMETVEIT R,BJORKEVOLL K S,HALSEY G W,et al.Drilltronics:an integrated system for real-timeoptimization of the drilling process[R].SPE 87124-MS,2004.
[6]查春青,柳贡慧,李军,等.复合冲击钻具的研制及现场试验[J].石油钻探技术,2017,45(1):57-61.ZHA C Q,LIU G H,LI J,et al.Development and field application of a compound percussive jet[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2017,45(1):57-61.
[7]李美求,李嘉文,李宁,等.周向冲击扭矩作用下PDC钻头的黏滑振动分析[J].石油钻采工艺,2018,40(3):287-292.LI M Q,LI J W,LI N,et al.Analysis on the stickslip vibration of PDC bit under the effect of circumferential torque impact[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2018,40(3):287-292.
[8]韩成,韦龙贵,陈浩东,等.南海西部油田常规探井钻井提速配套技术[J].石油钻采工艺,2018,40(5):567-571.HAN C,WEI L G,CHEN H D,et al.ROP enhancing technologies applied in conventional exploration wells in western South China Sea Oilfield[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2018,40(5):567-571.
[9]YIGIT A S,CHRISTOFOROU A P.Stick-slip and bitbounce interaction in oil-well drillstrings[J].Journal of Energy Resources Technology,2006,128(4):268-274.
[10]RICHARD T,GERMAY C,DETOUMAY E.A simplified model to explore the root cause of stick-slip vibrations in drilling systems with drag bits[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2007,305:432-456.
[11]KYLLINGSTAD A,NESSJOEN P J.A new stick-slip prevention system[R].SPE 119660,2009.
[12]BESSELINK B,WOUW N,NIJMEIJER H.A semianalytical study of stick-slip oscillations in drilling systems[J].Journal of Computational and Nonlinear Dynamics,2011,6(2):021006-021015.
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