内压椭圆形封头设计方法比较研究
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摘要
椭圆形封头是承压设备的关键零件,广泛应用于石油、化工和核电等行业,椭圆形封头的设计对保证承压设备的安全可靠性和经济性具有重要作用。基于中国标准GB/T 150和JB 4732、美国规范ASME BPVCⅢ.1-NE、N-284、Ⅷ-1、Ⅷ-2和欧盟标准EN 13445,比较研究了它们的内压椭圆形封头设计方法。结果表明:美国和欧盟规范标准均采用基于失效模式的设计方法,而中国标准仍采用基于最大应力和极限压力的强度设计方法,并未给出防止局部屈曲失效的设计公式,不利于超大直径超薄椭圆形封头的设计;JB 4732的设计结果偏保守,经济性差;现有设计方法在理论上均未考虑材料应变硬化和大变形的双重影响。为此建议修订中国标准的内压椭圆形封头设计方法:综合考虑材料应变硬化和大变形的影响,建立基于失效模式的设计方法。
As a critical component of pressure equipment,ellipsoidal head is widely used in the fields of petrochemical industry and nuclear plant.The design of ellipsoidal head is so important to guarantee the safety and economy of the pressure equipment.Based on the Chinese standards GB/T 150 and JB 4732,ASME BPVC Section Ⅲ.division 1-Subsection NE,Code Case N-284,SectionⅧ division 1 and division 2,and the European Standard EN 13445,the design methods for internally pressurized ellipsoidal head were discussed and compared in detail.ASME Codes and EN 13445 adopt the design methods based on various failure modes of internally pressurized ellipsoidal head.However,the Chinese standards GB/T 150 and JB 4732 adopt the strength design methods based on maximum stress and limit pressure,respectively.The design equation for preventing local buckling failure was not presented in the Chinese standards,which was disadvantageous for the design of large-scale thin-walled ellipsoidal head.The design results of JB 4732 were too conservative,which was not economical.Moreover,it concluded that there was a defect in these design methods that the effect of both strain hardening and large deflection was ignored.Therefore,it will be a good suggestion to improve the design methods of internally pressurized ellipsoidal head for Chinese standards.
As a critical component of pressure equipment,ellipsoidal head is widely used in the fields of petrochemical industry and nuclear plant.The design of ellipsoidal head is so important to guarantee the safety and economy of the pressure equipment.Based on the Chinese standards GB/T 150 and JB 4732,ASME BPVC Section Ⅲ.division 1-Subsection NE,Code Case N-284,SectionⅧ division 1 and division 2,and the European Standard EN 13445,the design methods for internally pressurized ellipsoidal head were discussed and compared in detail.ASME Codes and EN 13445 adopt the design methods based on various failure modes of internally pressurized ellipsoidal head.However,the Chinese standards GB/T 150 and JB 4732 adopt the strength design methods based on maximum stress and limit pressure,respectively.The design equation for preventing local buckling failure was not presented in the Chinese standards,which was disadvantageous for the design of large-scale thin-walled ellipsoidal head.The design results of JB 4732 were too conservative,which was not economical.Moreover,it concluded that there was a defect in these design methods that the effect of both strain hardening and large deflection was ignored.Therefore,it will be a good suggestion to improve the design methods of internally pressurized ellipsoidal head for Chinese standards.
引文
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[18]KALNINS A,UPDIKE D P.Limit pressures of cylindrical and spherical shells[J].Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology,2001,123(3):288-292.
[19]MILLER C D.Research related to buckling design of nuclear containment[J].Nuclear Engineering and Design,1984,79(2):217-227.
[20]MILLER C D.Buckling criteria for torispherical heads under internal pressure[R].New York:The Welding Research Council,Inc.,1999.
[21]MILLER C D.Buckling criteria for torispherical heads under internal pressure[J].Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology,2001,123(3):318-323.
[22]KALNINS A,RANA M D.A new design criterion based on pressure testing of torispherical heads[R].New York:The Welding Research Council,Inc.,1996.
[23]RANA M D,KALNINS A.Technical basis for code cases on design of ellipsoidal and torispherical heads for ASME sectionⅧvessels[J].Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology,2000,122(1):55-59.
[24]KALNINS A,UPDIKE D P.New design curves for torispherical heads[R].New York:The Welding Research Council,Inc.,1991.
[25]BAYLAC G,KOPLEWICZ D.EN 13445“Unfired pressure vessels”background to the rules in part 3design[M].Paris:Standardization Office of the French Standardization System in the Field of Mechanical Engineering and Rubber Industries,2004:13-17.
[26]GALLETLY G D.Design equations for preventing buckling in fabricated torispherical shells subjected to internal pressure[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,1986,200:127-139.
[27]BUSHNELL D.BOSOR 5-program for buckling of elastic-plastic complex shells of revolution including large deflections and creep[J].Computers and Structures,1976,6(3):221-239.
[28]GALLETLY G D.Plastic buckling of torispherical and ellipsoidal shells subjected to internal pressure[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,1981,195(12):329-345.
[29]GALLETLY G D.A simple design equation for preventing buckling in fabricated torispherical shells under internal pressure[J].Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology,1986,108(4):521-526.
[2]郑津洋,桑芝富.过程设备设计[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2015:29-31.ZHENG Jin-yang,SANG Zhi-fu.Process equipment design[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2015:29-31.
[3]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.压力容器:GB/T 150-2011[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2012:116-118.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China,Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.Pressure vessels:GB/T 150-2011[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2012:116-118.
[4]中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会,全国锅炉压力容器标准化技术委员会.钢制压力容器-分析设计标准:JB 4732-1995(2005年确认)[S].北京:新华出版社,2007:38-40.National Development and Reform Commission of the People’s Republic of China,China Standardization Committee on Boillers and Pressure Vessels.Steel pressure vessels-design by analysis:JB 4732-1995(R2005)[S].Beijing:Xinhua Publishing House,2007:38-40.
[5]American National Standards Committee.ASME boiler and pressure vessel code,SectionⅢ,rules for construction of nuclear facility components:ASME BPVC.Ⅲ.1.NE-2015[S].New York:The American Society of Mechanical Engineering,2015:61-62.
[6]American National Standards Committe.ASME boiler and pressure vessel code,code cases:nuclear components:ASME BPVC.CC.NE-2015[S].New York:The American Society of Mechanical Engineering,2015:1-24.
[7]American National Standards Committe.ASME boiler and pressure vessel code,SectionⅧ,rules for construction of pressure vessels,division 1:ASME BPVC.Ⅷ.1-2017[S].New York:The American Society of Mechanical Engineering,2017:360-363.
[8]American National Standards Committe.ASME boiler and pressure vessel code,SectionⅧ,rules for construction of pressure vessels,division 2,alternative rules:ASME BPVC.Ⅷ.2-2017[S].New York:The American Society of Mechanical Engineering,2017:208-210.
[9]CEN National Members.Unfired pressure vessels-Part3:design:BS EN 13445-3:2014[S].London:BSIStandards Limited,2014:31-35.
[10]陈来云,葛鸿辉,柳胜华.核电站钢制安全壳封头屈曲评价方法简介及应用[J].压力容器,2013,30(7):56-71.CHEN Lai-yun,GE Hong-hui,LIU Sheng-hua.Introduction and application of buckling evaluation for steel containment vessel head of nuclear power plant[J].Pressure Vessel Technology,2013,30(7):56-71.
[11]MOKHTARIAN K,OSAGE D A,JANELLE J L,et al.Design of torispherical and ellipsoidal heads subjected to internal pressure[R].New York:The Welding Research Council,Inc.,2005.
[12]DAVID A,OSAGE P E.ASME sectionⅧ-division 2criteria and commentary[M].New York:The American Society of Mechanical Engineers,2014:85-88.
[13]王林鸿,陈永辉.用四心圆法作近似椭圆的偏差分析[J].机械工程师,2002(8):59-60.WANG Lin-hong,CHEN Yong-hui.Error analysis of the approximate ellipse made by four-arcs method[J].Mechanical Engineer,2002(8):59-60.
[14]BROWNELL L E,YOUNG E H.Process equipment design-vessel design[M].New York:John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,1959:120-140.
[15]寿比南,杨国义,徐峰,等.GB 150-2011《压力容器》标准释义[M].北京:新华出版社,2012:118-121.SHOU Bi-nan,YANG Guo-yi,XU Feng,et al.GB150-2011 Pressure vessels criteria and commentary[M].Beijing:Xinhua Publishing House,2012:118-121.
[16]SHIELD R T,DRUCKER D C.Design of thin-walled torispherical and toriconical pressure-vessel heads[J].Journal of Applied Mechanics,1961,28(2):292-297.
[17]全国压力容器标准化技术委员会.《钢制压力容器---分析设计标准》标准释义:JB4732-95[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1995:49-52.China Standardization Committeeon Pressure Vessels.Steel Pressure vessels-design by analysis criteria and commentary:JB 4732-95[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,1995:49-52.
[18]KALNINS A,UPDIKE D P.Limit pressures of cylindrical and spherical shells[J].Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology,2001,123(3):288-292.
[19]MILLER C D.Research related to buckling design of nuclear containment[J].Nuclear Engineering and Design,1984,79(2):217-227.
[20]MILLER C D.Buckling criteria for torispherical heads under internal pressure[R].New York:The Welding Research Council,Inc.,1999.
[21]MILLER C D.Buckling criteria for torispherical heads under internal pressure[J].Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology,2001,123(3):318-323.
[22]KALNINS A,RANA M D.A new design criterion based on pressure testing of torispherical heads[R].New York:The Welding Research Council,Inc.,1996.
[23]RANA M D,KALNINS A.Technical basis for code cases on design of ellipsoidal and torispherical heads for ASME sectionⅧvessels[J].Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology,2000,122(1):55-59.
[24]KALNINS A,UPDIKE D P.New design curves for torispherical heads[R].New York:The Welding Research Council,Inc.,1991.
[25]BAYLAC G,KOPLEWICZ D.EN 13445“Unfired pressure vessels”background to the rules in part 3design[M].Paris:Standardization Office of the French Standardization System in the Field of Mechanical Engineering and Rubber Industries,2004:13-17.
[26]GALLETLY G D.Design equations for preventing buckling in fabricated torispherical shells subjected to internal pressure[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,1986,200:127-139.
[27]BUSHNELL D.BOSOR 5-program for buckling of elastic-plastic complex shells of revolution including large deflections and creep[J].Computers and Structures,1976,6(3):221-239.
[28]GALLETLY G D.Plastic buckling of torispherical and ellipsoidal shells subjected to internal pressure[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,1981,195(12):329-345.
[29]GALLETLY G D.A simple design equation for preventing buckling in fabricated torispherical shells under internal pressure[J].Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology,1986,108(4):521-526.