含储能单元的统一电能质量调节器功率协调控制策略
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摘要
统一电能质量调节器(UPQC)结合了串联型和并联型有源滤波器两者的功能,是可进行多重电能质量综合治理的定制型电力技术装置。常规UPQC补偿控制中,串联变流器单元只在电源电压发生跌落时工作,且不参与负载无功功率的补偿,因此并联变流器单元常处于重载状态,同时当电源瞬时中断或电压暂降较深时,常规UPQC通常无法正常工作。为此,提出了一种含有储能单元的UPQC功率协调控制策略,通过合理分配串、并联变流器的功率输出,将串联变流器的工作电压维持为额定值,最大限度地分担了并联变流器的负担,并保证其在工作过程中不会超过容量限制。同时,由于利用储能单元将电源电流维持为正常工况下负载电流的有功分量,可以防止电源电压跌落时馈线电流的增大,消除了配网馈线过电流的风险。在电源电压跌落为零的特殊情况下,此时储能单元提供所有的负载有功功率,保证了对负荷的不间断供电。在PSCAD/EMTDC仿真平台中搭建了UPQC功率协调控制模型并进行验证,仿真结果表明,所提策略通过合理分配UPQC串联变流器、并联变流器与储能单元3者之间所承担的功率,可有效减小UPQC的容量配置。
The unified power quality conditioner(UPQC) combines the function of series and shunt active filter which is the power equipment for manage various power quality problems. In common UPQC compensation control, the series converter only works during source voltage sag and does not participate in the load reactive power compensation. Therefore, the shunt converter often works in a state of heavy load. In addition, the common UPQC usually cannot work when there is a larger voltage drop or the source breaks off. We proposed a coordinated power control strategy of the UPQC with energy storage unit. By reasonably allocating the output power of the series and shunt converter, the function of the series converter is fully developed. In this scheme, the work voltage and current of the series converter are fixed at the rated value and thus it can share the burden of the shunt converter within the limitation of the capacity. Besides, the overcurrent risk of the feeder is eliminated since the source current is limited to the active component of load current under normal operating conditions with the utilization of energy storage unit. When the source voltage drops to zero, the load active power is supplied by the energy storage unit and the UPS(uninterruptible power supply) function is realized. The simulation is conducted in PSCAD/EMTDC, which shows that the proposed control strategy effectively reduces the vating configuration of UPQC by allocating the series/shunt converter and the energy storage unit of UPQC.
The unified power quality conditioner(UPQC) combines the function of series and shunt active filter which is the power equipment for manage various power quality problems. In common UPQC compensation control, the series converter only works during source voltage sag and does not participate in the load reactive power compensation. Therefore, the shunt converter often works in a state of heavy load. In addition, the common UPQC usually cannot work when there is a larger voltage drop or the source breaks off. We proposed a coordinated power control strategy of the UPQC with energy storage unit. By reasonably allocating the output power of the series and shunt converter, the function of the series converter is fully developed. In this scheme, the work voltage and current of the series converter are fixed at the rated value and thus it can share the burden of the shunt converter within the limitation of the capacity. Besides, the overcurrent risk of the feeder is eliminated since the source current is limited to the active component of load current under normal operating conditions with the utilization of energy storage unit. When the source voltage drops to zero, the load active power is supplied by the energy storage unit and the UPS(uninterruptible power supply) function is realized. The simulation is conducted in PSCAD/EMTDC, which shows that the proposed control strategy effectively reduces the vating configuration of UPQC by allocating the series/shunt converter and the energy storage unit of UPQC.
引文
[1]吕自波,李楚杉,邓焰,等.一种适用于新型直接交交型有源滤波器的逐次分序谐波检测算法[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(6):1473-1481.LüZibo,LI Chushan,DENG Yan,et al.A harmonic detection method by separated sequence and order suitable for novel direct AC-ACbased active power filters[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(6):1473-1481.
[2]刘聪,戴珂,张树全,等.并联型APF补偿电压源型非线性负载时谐波电流放大效应的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(27):21-28.LIU Cong,DAI Ke,ZHANG Shuquan,et al.Harmonic current amplification effect of voltage-source type nonlinear load under compensation by shunt APF[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(27):21-28.
[3]雍静,肖兵.典型单相非线性负荷的精确谐波模型及其谐波衰减特性[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(19):3210-3219.YONG Jing,XIAO Bing.Harmonic modeling and investigation on harmonic attenuation effect for typical single-phase nonlinear loads[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(19):3210-3219.
[4]罗培,陈跃辉,罗隆福,等.静止坐标系下铁路电能质量控制系统控制策略[J].高电压技术,2015,41(7):2384-2390.LUO Pei,CHEN Yuehui,LUO Longfu,et al.Control strategy in a stationary coordinate for railway power quality manage system[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(7):2384-2390.
[5]刘闯,潘岱栋,蔡国伟,等.适合低压配电网分布式发电的抗谐波干扰型增强锁相环路技术[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(10):185-192.LIU Chuang,PAN Daidong,CAI Guowei,et al.Enhanced phased-locked loop technology with anti harmonic interference capability for distributed generation in low-voltage distribution[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(10):185-192.
[6]钟庆,汪逍旻,王钢,等.电压源型换流器谐波产生机理的道路树分析[J].高电压技术,2016,42(1):26-32.ZHONG Qing,WANG Xiaomin,WANG Gang,et al.Analysis of the harmonic generation mechanisms of voltage source converters with path sets[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(1):26-32.
[7]FUJITA H,AKAGI H.The unified power quality conditioner:the integration of series and shunt-active filters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1998,13(2):315-322.
[8]KHADKIKAR V.Enhancing electric power quality using UPQC:a comprehensive overview[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2012,27(5):2284-2297.
[9]BASU M,DAS S P,DUBEY G K.Investigation on the performance of UPQC-Q for voltage sag mitigation and power quality improvement at a critical load point[J].IET Generation Transmission&Distribution,2008,2(3):414-423.
[10]KHADKIKAR V,CHANDRA A.A novel control approach for unified power quality conditioner Q without active power injection for voltage sag compensation[C]∥IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology.[S.l.]:IEEE,2006:779-784.
[11]KHADKIKAR V,CHANDRA A.UPQC-S:a novel concept of simultaneous voltage sag/swell and load reactive power compensations utilizing series inverter of UPQC[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2011,26(9):2414-2425
[12]KUMAR G S,VARDHANA P H,KUMAR B K,et al.Minimization of VA loading of unified power quality conditioner(UPQC)[C]∥International Conference on Power Engineering,Energy and Electrical Drives,2009.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2009:552-557.
[13]蓝希清,胡立坤,卢子广.带储能系统的新型统一电能质量调节器的设计[J].电力电子技术,2015,49(7):36-39.LAN Xiqing,HU Likun,LU Ziguang.Design of a novel unified power quality conditioner with energy storage system[J].Power Electronics,2015,49(7):36-39.
[14]任磊,姜齐荣,魏应冬,等.一种基于晶闸管和超级电容储能的统一电能质量调节器[J].大功率变流技术,2015(4):35-38.REN Lei,JIANG Qirong,WEI Yingdong,et al.An UPQC based on thyristor and ultracapacitor[J].High Power Converter Technology,2015(4):35-38.
[15]冯兴田,马文忠,霍群海.基于无功功率流的UPQC协调控制策略[J].电机与控制学报,2013,17(4):1-5.FENG Xingtian,MA Wenzhong,HUO Qunhai.Coordinated control strategy based on reactive power flow in UPQC[J].Electric Machines and Control,2013,17(4):1-5.
[16]陆佳政,朱思国,李波,等.兼具无功补偿与有源滤波功能的新型融冰装置[J].高电压技术,2016,42(7):2207-2214.LU Jiazheng,ZHU Siguo,LI Bo,et al.New ice-melting device with function of reactive power compensation and active filtering[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(7):2207-2214.
[17]周雪松,刘伟,马幼捷,等.基于LADRC的三相四线制并联型有源电力滤波器系统分析[J].高电压技术,2016,42(4):1290-1299.ZHOU Xuesong,LIU Wei,MA Youjie,et al.Analysis of three-phase four-wire shunt active power filter system based on LADRC[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(4):1290-1299.
[18]KHADKIKAR V,CHANDRA A.A new control philosophy for a unified power quality conditioner(UPQC)to coordinate load-reactive power demand between shunt and series inverters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2014,3(8):11262-11270.
[2]刘聪,戴珂,张树全,等.并联型APF补偿电压源型非线性负载时谐波电流放大效应的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(27):21-28.LIU Cong,DAI Ke,ZHANG Shuquan,et al.Harmonic current amplification effect of voltage-source type nonlinear load under compensation by shunt APF[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(27):21-28.
[3]雍静,肖兵.典型单相非线性负荷的精确谐波模型及其谐波衰减特性[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(19):3210-3219.YONG Jing,XIAO Bing.Harmonic modeling and investigation on harmonic attenuation effect for typical single-phase nonlinear loads[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(19):3210-3219.
[4]罗培,陈跃辉,罗隆福,等.静止坐标系下铁路电能质量控制系统控制策略[J].高电压技术,2015,41(7):2384-2390.LUO Pei,CHEN Yuehui,LUO Longfu,et al.Control strategy in a stationary coordinate for railway power quality manage system[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(7):2384-2390.
[5]刘闯,潘岱栋,蔡国伟,等.适合低压配电网分布式发电的抗谐波干扰型增强锁相环路技术[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(10):185-192.LIU Chuang,PAN Daidong,CAI Guowei,et al.Enhanced phased-locked loop technology with anti harmonic interference capability for distributed generation in low-voltage distribution[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(10):185-192.
[6]钟庆,汪逍旻,王钢,等.电压源型换流器谐波产生机理的道路树分析[J].高电压技术,2016,42(1):26-32.ZHONG Qing,WANG Xiaomin,WANG Gang,et al.Analysis of the harmonic generation mechanisms of voltage source converters with path sets[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(1):26-32.
[7]FUJITA H,AKAGI H.The unified power quality conditioner:the integration of series and shunt-active filters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1998,13(2):315-322.
[8]KHADKIKAR V.Enhancing electric power quality using UPQC:a comprehensive overview[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2012,27(5):2284-2297.
[9]BASU M,DAS S P,DUBEY G K.Investigation on the performance of UPQC-Q for voltage sag mitigation and power quality improvement at a critical load point[J].IET Generation Transmission&Distribution,2008,2(3):414-423.
[10]KHADKIKAR V,CHANDRA A.A novel control approach for unified power quality conditioner Q without active power injection for voltage sag compensation[C]∥IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology.[S.l.]:IEEE,2006:779-784.
[11]KHADKIKAR V,CHANDRA A.UPQC-S:a novel concept of simultaneous voltage sag/swell and load reactive power compensations utilizing series inverter of UPQC[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2011,26(9):2414-2425
[12]KUMAR G S,VARDHANA P H,KUMAR B K,et al.Minimization of VA loading of unified power quality conditioner(UPQC)[C]∥International Conference on Power Engineering,Energy and Electrical Drives,2009.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2009:552-557.
[13]蓝希清,胡立坤,卢子广.带储能系统的新型统一电能质量调节器的设计[J].电力电子技术,2015,49(7):36-39.LAN Xiqing,HU Likun,LU Ziguang.Design of a novel unified power quality conditioner with energy storage system[J].Power Electronics,2015,49(7):36-39.
[14]任磊,姜齐荣,魏应冬,等.一种基于晶闸管和超级电容储能的统一电能质量调节器[J].大功率变流技术,2015(4):35-38.REN Lei,JIANG Qirong,WEI Yingdong,et al.An UPQC based on thyristor and ultracapacitor[J].High Power Converter Technology,2015(4):35-38.
[15]冯兴田,马文忠,霍群海.基于无功功率流的UPQC协调控制策略[J].电机与控制学报,2013,17(4):1-5.FENG Xingtian,MA Wenzhong,HUO Qunhai.Coordinated control strategy based on reactive power flow in UPQC[J].Electric Machines and Control,2013,17(4):1-5.
[16]陆佳政,朱思国,李波,等.兼具无功补偿与有源滤波功能的新型融冰装置[J].高电压技术,2016,42(7):2207-2214.LU Jiazheng,ZHU Siguo,LI Bo,et al.New ice-melting device with function of reactive power compensation and active filtering[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(7):2207-2214.
[17]周雪松,刘伟,马幼捷,等.基于LADRC的三相四线制并联型有源电力滤波器系统分析[J].高电压技术,2016,42(4):1290-1299.ZHOU Xuesong,LIU Wei,MA Youjie,et al.Analysis of three-phase four-wire shunt active power filter system based on LADRC[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(4):1290-1299.
[18]KHADKIKAR V,CHANDRA A.A new control philosophy for a unified power quality conditioner(UPQC)to coordinate load-reactive power demand between shunt and series inverters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2014,3(8):11262-11270.