沈阳市大气PM_(2.5)中多环芳烃的污染特征及来源解析
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摘要
采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪定量分析2016年沈阳市PM_(2.5)中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的质量浓度,探讨其时空分布特征,并解析PAHs的来源。结果表明:沈阳市PAHs的平均质量浓度为71. 5 ng/m3,其中3环、4环PAHs分别占31. 3%和48. 8%;采暖期PAHs浓度明显高于非采暖期,中心城区高于周边。总毒性当量浓度平均值为8. 05 ng/m3。特征比值法和主成分分析法解析的PAHs来源基本一致,主要为燃烧源、石油挥发源和工业生产源,贡献率分别为70. 11%、14. 19%和10. 74%。
The mass concentration of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons( PAHs) in PM_(2.5) in Shenyang during 2016 was quantitatively analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The spatiotemporal distribution characteristic and the sources of PAHs were discussed. The results showed that the average mass concentration of PAHs was 71. 5 ng/m3. 3-ring and 4-ring PAHs accounted for 31. 3% and 48. 8%,respectively. The concentration of PAHs in heating period was significantly greater than that in non-heating season. In the central urban area,the concentration was higher than that in surrounding area. The average of total toxicity equivalent concentration was 8. 05 ng/m3. The results of source apportionment by characteristic ratio method and principal component analysis were basically the same. Combustion,oil volatilization and industrial production were the main sources with the contribution rate of 70. 11%,14. 19% and 10. 74%,respectively.
The mass concentration of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons( PAHs) in PM_(2.5) in Shenyang during 2016 was quantitatively analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The spatiotemporal distribution characteristic and the sources of PAHs were discussed. The results showed that the average mass concentration of PAHs was 71. 5 ng/m3. 3-ring and 4-ring PAHs accounted for 31. 3% and 48. 8%,respectively. The concentration of PAHs in heating period was significantly greater than that in non-heating season. In the central urban area,the concentration was higher than that in surrounding area. The average of total toxicity equivalent concentration was 8. 05 ng/m3. The results of source apportionment by characteristic ratio method and principal component analysis were basically the same. Combustion,oil volatilization and industrial production were the main sources with the contribution rate of 70. 11%,14. 19% and 10. 74%,respectively.
引文
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[3] EMMENEGGER C,KALBERER M,SAMBUROVA V,et al.High time resolution and size-segregated analysis of aerosolbound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons[J]. Environmental Science Technology,2005,39(11):4213-4219.
[4]徐建平,孙睿华,崔虎雄,等.上海市浦东新区PM2. 5中多环芳烃的时空分布与风险评估[J].环境监测管理与技术,2017,29(3):37-40.
[5]胡煜,郑刘根,程桦,等.淮南市PM2. 5中PAHs污染特征及来源分析[J].环境监测管理与技术,2016,28(6):33-37.
[6]王少毅,曾燕君,琚鸿,等.广州地区秋冬季细颗粒物PM2. 5化学组分分析[J].环境监测管理与技术,2013,25(4):9-12.
[7]孙瑛,程学丰,侯辉,等.淮南市秋季大气可吸入颗粒物中多环芳烃的污染特征分析[J].中国环境监测,2009,25(1):63-66.
[8]陈敏,张卫东,周志恩,等.重庆市春季不同功能区PM10中多环芳烃的污染特征[J].中国环境监测,2013,29(1):43-48.
[9]李伟芳,彭跃,赵丽娟,等.东北地区城市大气颗粒物中多环芳烃的污染特征[J].中国环境监测,2013,29(1):13-17.
[10]徐兰,高庚申,安裕敏.贵阳市夏季大气颗粒物及多环芳烃污染特征研究[J].中国环境监测,2014,30(2):26-30.
[11]陈刚,周潇雨,吴建会,等.成都市冬季PM2. 5中多环芳烃的源解析与毒性源解析[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(10):3150-3156.
[12]王丽,王利军,史兴民,等.西安市地表灰尘中多环芳烃分布特征与来源解析[J].环境科学,2016,37(4):1279-1286.
[13]李文慧,张承中,马万里,等.西安采暖季大气中多环芳烃的污染特征及来源解析[J].环境科学,2010,31(7):1432-1437.
[14]张莉,张原,祁士华,等.武汉市洪山区春季PM2. 5浓度及多环芳烃组成特征[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(8):2319-2325.
[15]蒋少杰,薛银刚,滕加泉,等.常州市秋季大气PM2. 5中多环芳烃污染水平及来源[J].中国环境监测,2015,31(5):40-44.
[16]戴伟,高佳琪,曹罡,等.深圳市郊区大气中PM2. 5的特征分析[J].环境科学,2012,33(6):1952-1957.
[17]赵雪艳,任丽红,姬亚芹,等.重庆主城区春季大气PM10及PM2. 5中多环芳烃来源解析[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(12):1395-1402.
[18] YUNKER M B,MACDONALD R W,VINGARZAN R,et al.PAHs in the Fraser River basin:a critical appraisal of PAH ratios as indicators of PAH source and composition[J]. Organic Geochemistry,2002,33(4):489-515.