易降解有机物及其施加方式对高粱吸收镉的影响
|
摘要
为探明易降解有机物及其施用方式对高粱吸收镉的强化效应,通过盆栽试验探讨了2 mmol·kg~(-1)草酸(OA)、2 mmol·kg~(-1)柠檬酸(CA)和1 g·kg~(-1)水溶性有机肥(DOF)分次(1～4次)施加对土壤中镉(Cd)的活性、高粱(Sorghum bicolor L.)生长及对Cd吸收的影响。结果表明:施加OA、CA和DOF提高了土壤中Cd的活性,且OA、CA分4次施加和DOF 1次施加时,土壤中DTPA-Cd含量最高,分别比CK显著增加了11%、30%和29%;OA、CA和DOF 1次施加对高粱生物量无显著影响,分2次施加则显著抑制了高粱生长,其中DOF处理的生物量较CK下降38%;OA、CA和DOF分2～3次施加促进了高粱对Cd的吸收,高粱根部、地上部中的Cd含量及富集系数显著高于CK;OA、CA分3次施加和DOF 1次施加时,高粱地上部分Cd积累量分别比CK显著增加了17%、30%和31%。总体来看,分3次施加CA对土壤Cd活化及高粱吸收Cd的效果最好。
A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of enhancement of biodegradable organic materials and their application regimes on the uptake of Cd by sorghum(Sorghum bicolor L.). Oxalic acid(OA), citric acid(CA), and dissolved organic fertilizer(DOF)were splitting applied at rates of 2 mmol·kg~(-1), 2 mmol·kg~(-1), and 1 g·kg~(-1), respectively. The changes in available Cd in the soil and the growth and Cd accumulation in the shoots of the sorghum were determined. The results showed that four separate applications of CA and OA and a single application of DOF significantly increased the DTPA-Cd(DTPA extractable Cd)by 11%, 30%, and 29%, respectively, compared with that of the control(CK). Single applications of OA, CA, and DOF had no significant effect on the shoot biomass of sorghum, but two separate applications of these organic materials inhibited the growth of sorghum. Compared to CK, two separate applications of DOF significantly decreased the shoot biomass of sorghum by 38%, while the split applications of OA, CA, and DOF two or three times promoted Cd uptake by sorghum. Moreover, the Cd concentration in the roots and shoots of sorghum and the bioaccumulation factor were significantly higher than those of CK. Three separate applications of OA and CA and a single application of DOF significantly increased the Cd bioaccumulation in sorghum shoots by 17%, 30%, and 31%, respectively, compared with that of CK. Altogether, three separate applications of CA could be recommended for mobilization of Cd in soil when planting sorghum in Cd-contaminated soil.
A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of enhancement of biodegradable organic materials and their application regimes on the uptake of Cd by sorghum(Sorghum bicolor L.). Oxalic acid(OA), citric acid(CA), and dissolved organic fertilizer(DOF)were splitting applied at rates of 2 mmol·kg~(-1), 2 mmol·kg~(-1), and 1 g·kg~(-1), respectively. The changes in available Cd in the soil and the growth and Cd accumulation in the shoots of the sorghum were determined. The results showed that four separate applications of CA and OA and a single application of DOF significantly increased the DTPA-Cd(DTPA extractable Cd)by 11%, 30%, and 29%, respectively, compared with that of the control(CK). Single applications of OA, CA, and DOF had no significant effect on the shoot biomass of sorghum, but two separate applications of these organic materials inhibited the growth of sorghum. Compared to CK, two separate applications of DOF significantly decreased the shoot biomass of sorghum by 38%, while the split applications of OA, CA, and DOF two or three times promoted Cd uptake by sorghum. Moreover, the Cd concentration in the roots and shoots of sorghum and the bioaccumulation factor were significantly higher than those of CK. Three separate applications of OA and CA and a single application of DOF significantly increased the Cd bioaccumulation in sorghum shoots by 17%, 30%, and 31%, respectively, compared with that of CK. Altogether, three separate applications of CA could be recommended for mobilization of Cd in soil when planting sorghum in Cd-contaminated soil.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国环境保护部.全国土壤污染状况调查公报[EB/OL].(2014-04-17).http://www.zhb.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/qt/201404/t20140417_270670.htm.Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China.Report on the national general survey of soil contamination[EB/OL].(2014-04-17).http://www.zhb.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/qt/201404/t20140417_270670.htm.
[2]张红振,骆永明,章海波,等.土壤环境质量指导值与标准研究Ⅴ.镉在土壤-作物系统中的富集规律与农产品质量安全[J].土壤学报,2010,47(4):628-638.ZHANG Hong-zhen,LUO Yong-ming,ZHANG Hai-bo,et al.Study on soil environmental quality guidelines and standardsⅤ.Modeling of cadmium uptake in soil-crop systems for human food safety in China[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2010,47(4):628-638.
[3]苏慧,魏树和,周启星.Cd污染土壤的植物修复研究进展与展望[J].世界科技研究与发展,2013,35(3):315-343.SU Hui,WEI Shu-he,ZHOU Qi-xing.Advances in phytoremediation of cadmium contaminated soil[J].World Sci-Tech R&D,2013,35(3):315-343.
[4]Blaylock M J,Salt D E,Dushenkov S,et al.Enhanced accumulation of Pb in Indian mustard by soil-applied chelating agents[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1997,31(3):860-865.
[5]Huang J W,Chen J,Berti W R,et al.Phytoremediation of lead-contaminated soils:Role of synthetic chelates in lead phytoextraction[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1997,31(3):800-805.
[6]Evangelou M W,Ebel M,Schaeffer A.Chelate assisted phytoextraction of heavy metals from soil.Effect,mechanism,toxicity,and fate of chelating agents[J].Chemosphere,2007,68(6):989-1003.
[7]胡亚虎,魏树和,周启星,等.螯合剂在重金属污染土壤植物修复中的应用研究进展[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(11):2055-2063.HU Ya-hu,WEI Shu-he,ZHOU Qi-xing,et al.Application of chelator in phytoremediation of heavy metals contaminated soils:A review[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2010,29(11):2055-2063.
[8]Wu L H,Luo Y M,Xing X R,et al.EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil with Indian mustard and associated potential leaching risk[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2004,102(3):307-318.385
[9]Sabir M,Hanafi M M,Zia-Ur-Rehman M,et al.Comparison of lowmolecular-weight organic acids and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid to enhance phytoextraction of heavy metals by maize[J].Communications in Soil Science&Plant Analysis,2014,45(1):42-52.
[10]Bucheliwitschel M,Egli T.Environmental fate and microbial degradation of aminopolycarboxylic acids[J].FEMS Microbiology Reviews,2001,25(1):69-106.
[11]刘景,吕家珑,徐明岗,等.长期不同施肥对红壤Cu和Cd含量及活化率的影响[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(3):914-919.LIU Jing,LüJia-long,XU Ming-gang,et al.Effect of long-term fertilization on content and activity index of Cu and Cd in red soil[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2009,18(3):914-919.
[12]刘利杉,黄运湘,黄楚瑜,等.水溶性有机肥料对水稻产量和Cd吸收的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(5):826-831.LIU Li-shan,HUANG Yun-xiang,HUANG Chu-yu,et al.Effects of water-soluble organic fertilizer on yield of rice grain and cadmium absorption in rice grain and straw[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2017,36(5):826-831.
[13]王意锟,张焕朝,郝秀珍,等.有机物料在重金属污染农田土壤修复中的应用研究[J].土壤通报,2010,41(5):275-1280.WANG Yi-kun,ZHANG Huan-chao,HAO Xiu-zhen,et al.A review on application of organic materials to the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2010,41(5):275-1280.
[14]Evanglou M W H,Ebel M,Hommes G,et al.Biodegradation:The reason for the inefficiency of small organic acids in chelant-assisted phytoextraction[J].Water,Air and Soil Pollution,2008,195(1/2/3/4):177-188.
[15]Wen J,Stacey S P,McLaughlin M J,et al.Biodegradation of rhamnolipid,EDTA and citric acid in cadmium and zinc contaminated soils[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2009,41(10):2214-2221.
[16]王艮梅,周立祥,占新华,等.水田土壤中水溶性有机物的产生动态及对土壤中重金属活性的影响:田间微区试验[J].环境科学学报,2004,24(5):858-864.WANG Gen-mei,ZHOU Li-xiang,ZHAN Xin-hua,et al.Dynamics of dissolved organic matter and its effect on metal availability in paddy soil:Field micro-plot trials[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2004,24(5):858-864.
[17]Salman M,Athar M,Farooq U,et al.Insight to rapid removal of Pb(Ⅱ),Cd(Ⅱ),and Cu(Ⅱ)from aqueous solution using an agrobased adsorbent Sorghum bicolor L.biomass[J].Desalination&Water Treatment,2013,51(22/23/24):4390-4401.
[18]贾伟涛,吕素莲,冯娟娟,等.利用能源植物治理土壤重金属污染[J].中国生物工程杂志,2015,35(1):88-95.JIA Wei-tao,LüSu-lian,FENG Juan-juan,et al.Restore heavy metal contaminated soil with energy plants[J].China Biotechnology,2015,35(1):88-95.
[19]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].三版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.BAO Shi-dan.Soil and agricultural chemistry analysis[M].3th Edition.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000.
[20]马云龙,曾清如,胡浩,等.低分子有机酸对土壤中重金属的解20195吸及影响因素[J].土壤通报,2008,39(6):1419-1423.MA Yun-long,ZENG Qing-ru,HU Hao,et al.Effect of low molecular weight organic acids on desorptions of Pb,Cd,Cu and Zn from soils[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2008,39(6):1419-1423.
[21]姚桂华,徐海舟,朱林刚,等.不同有机物料对东南景天修复重金属污染土壤效率的影响[J].环境科学,2015,36(11):4268-4276.YAO Gui-hua,XU Hai-zhou,ZHU Lin-gang,et al.Effects of different kinds of organic materials on soil heavy metal phytoremediation efficiency by Sedum alfredii Hance[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(11):4268-4276.
[22]Prieto C,Lozano J C,Blanco R P,et al.Enhancing radium solubilization in soils by citrate,EDTA,and EDDS chelating amendments[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2013,250/251(8):439-446.
[23]Shirvani M,Shariatmadari H,Kalbasi M.Kinetics of cadmium desorption from fibrous silicate clay minerals:Influence of organic ligands and aging[J].Applied Clay Science,2007,37(1):175-184.
[24]孙卫玲,赵蓉,张岚,等.pH对铜在黄土中吸持及其形态的影响[J].环境科学,2001,22(3):78-83.SUN Wei-ling,ZHAO Rong,ZHANG Lan,et al.Effect of pH on copper sorption by the loess and its species[J].Environmental Science,2001,22(3):78-83.
[25]Wu L H,Luo Y M,Christie P,et al.Effects of EDTA and low molecular weight organic acids on soil solution properties of a heavy metal polluted soil[J].Chemosphere,2003,50(6):819-822.
[26]Ettler V,Vrti?kováR,Mihaljevi?M,et al.Cadmium,lead and zinc leaching from smelter fly ash in simple organic acids-simulators of rhizospheric soil solutions[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,170(2/3):1264-1268.
[27]Qin F,Shan X Q,Wei B.Effects of low-molecular-weight organic acids and residence time on desorption of Cu,Cd,and Pb from soils[J].Chemosphere,2004,57(4):253-263.
[28]潘逸,周立祥.小麦地土壤水溶性有机物动态及对土壤铜镉活性的影响:田间微区试验[J].环境科学,2007,28(4):4859-4865.PAN Yi,ZHOU Li-xiang.Dynamics of dissolved organic matter and its effect on copper and cadmium activity in the contaminated wheat soil:Field micro-plot trials[J].Environmental Science,2007,28(4):4859-4865.
[29]张丽娜,宗良纲,沈振国.有机肥和生态肥对土壤中镉行为以及水稻生长的影响[J].土壤通报,2007,38(6):1182-1186.ZHANG Li-na,ZONG Liang-gang,SHEN Zhen-guo.Effects of organic fertilizer and ecological fertilizer on behaviors of cadmium and rice growth in Cd contaminated soil[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2007,38(6):1182-1186.
[30]Jia W T,Miao F,LüS,et al.Identification for the capability of Cdtolerance,accumulation and translocation of 96 sorghum genotypes[J].Ecotoxicology&Environmental Safety,2017,145:391-397.
[31]Tian Y L,Zhang H Y,Guo W,et al.Morphological responses,biomass yield,and bioenergy potential of sweet sorghum cultivated in cadmium-contaminated soil for biofuel[J].International Journal of Green Energy,2015,12(6):577-584.
[32]陈立,王丹,龙婵,等.3种螯合剂对向日葵修复镉污染土壤的影响[J].环境科学与技术,2017,40(11):22-29.CHEN Li,WANG Dan,LONG Chan,et al.Effects of three cheating agents on rehabilitation of Cd-contaminated soil with sunflower[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2017,40(11):22-29.
[33]唐宇庭,黄佳玉,王维生,等.低分子有机酸对油菜吸收Cd和Zn的影响[J].广西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2012,30(2):127-131.TANG Yu-ting,HUANG Jia-yu,WANG Wei-sheng,et al.Effect of low molecular weight organic acids on Cd and Zn absorption of rape[J].Journal of Guangxi Normal University:Natural Science Edition,2012,30(2):127-131.
[34]张烁,张海波,董伟军.高粱的主要用途与发展前景[J].农业与技术,2014,34(7):111.ZHANG Shuo,ZHANG Hai-bo,DONG Wei-jun.Main usages and development prospects of sorghum[J].Agriculture and Technology,2014,34(7):111.
[35]Pinto A P,Mota A M,De V A,et al.Influence of organic materials on the uptake of cadmium,zinc,copper and iron by sorghum plants[J].Science of the Total Environment,2004,326(1/2/3):239-247.
[36]Soudek P,Petrová?,VaňkováR,et al.Accumulation of heavy metals using Sorghum sp.[J].Chemosphere,2014,104(4):15-24.
[37]Shen Z G,Li X D,Wang C C,et al.Lead phytoextraction from contaminated soil with high-biomass plant species[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2002,31(6):1893-1900.
[38]Wenzel W W,Unterbrunner R,Sommer P,et al.Chelate-assisted phytoextraction using canola(Brassica napus L.)in outdoors pot and lysimeter experiments[J].Plant&Soil,2003,249(1):83-96.
[39]Freitas E V D S,Nascimento C W A D,Silva A J,et al.Citric acid enhances lead phytoextraction from a soil contaminated by automotive batteries[J].Revista Brasileira De Ciência Do Solo,2009,33(2):467-473.
[40]Neugschwandtner R W,Tlusto?P,Komárek M,et al.Phytoextraction of Pb and Cd from a contaminated agricultural soil using different EDTA application regimes:Laboratory versus field scale measures of efficiency[J].Geoderma,2008,144(3):446-454.
[41]Zhuang P,Shu W,Li Z A,et al.Removal of metals by sorghum plants from contaminated land[J].Environment Sciences,2009,21(10):1432-1437.1007
[2]张红振,骆永明,章海波,等.土壤环境质量指导值与标准研究Ⅴ.镉在土壤-作物系统中的富集规律与农产品质量安全[J].土壤学报,2010,47(4):628-638.ZHANG Hong-zhen,LUO Yong-ming,ZHANG Hai-bo,et al.Study on soil environmental quality guidelines and standardsⅤ.Modeling of cadmium uptake in soil-crop systems for human food safety in China[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2010,47(4):628-638.
[3]苏慧,魏树和,周启星.Cd污染土壤的植物修复研究进展与展望[J].世界科技研究与发展,2013,35(3):315-343.SU Hui,WEI Shu-he,ZHOU Qi-xing.Advances in phytoremediation of cadmium contaminated soil[J].World Sci-Tech R&D,2013,35(3):315-343.
[4]Blaylock M J,Salt D E,Dushenkov S,et al.Enhanced accumulation of Pb in Indian mustard by soil-applied chelating agents[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1997,31(3):860-865.
[5]Huang J W,Chen J,Berti W R,et al.Phytoremediation of lead-contaminated soils:Role of synthetic chelates in lead phytoextraction[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1997,31(3):800-805.
[6]Evangelou M W,Ebel M,Schaeffer A.Chelate assisted phytoextraction of heavy metals from soil.Effect,mechanism,toxicity,and fate of chelating agents[J].Chemosphere,2007,68(6):989-1003.
[7]胡亚虎,魏树和,周启星,等.螯合剂在重金属污染土壤植物修复中的应用研究进展[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(11):2055-2063.HU Ya-hu,WEI Shu-he,ZHOU Qi-xing,et al.Application of chelator in phytoremediation of heavy metals contaminated soils:A review[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2010,29(11):2055-2063.
[8]Wu L H,Luo Y M,Xing X R,et al.EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil with Indian mustard and associated potential leaching risk[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2004,102(3):307-318.385
[9]Sabir M,Hanafi M M,Zia-Ur-Rehman M,et al.Comparison of lowmolecular-weight organic acids and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid to enhance phytoextraction of heavy metals by maize[J].Communications in Soil Science&Plant Analysis,2014,45(1):42-52.
[10]Bucheliwitschel M,Egli T.Environmental fate and microbial degradation of aminopolycarboxylic acids[J].FEMS Microbiology Reviews,2001,25(1):69-106.
[11]刘景,吕家珑,徐明岗,等.长期不同施肥对红壤Cu和Cd含量及活化率的影响[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(3):914-919.LIU Jing,LüJia-long,XU Ming-gang,et al.Effect of long-term fertilization on content and activity index of Cu and Cd in red soil[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2009,18(3):914-919.
[12]刘利杉,黄运湘,黄楚瑜,等.水溶性有机肥料对水稻产量和Cd吸收的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(5):826-831.LIU Li-shan,HUANG Yun-xiang,HUANG Chu-yu,et al.Effects of water-soluble organic fertilizer on yield of rice grain and cadmium absorption in rice grain and straw[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2017,36(5):826-831.
[13]王意锟,张焕朝,郝秀珍,等.有机物料在重金属污染农田土壤修复中的应用研究[J].土壤通报,2010,41(5):275-1280.WANG Yi-kun,ZHANG Huan-chao,HAO Xiu-zhen,et al.A review on application of organic materials to the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2010,41(5):275-1280.
[14]Evanglou M W H,Ebel M,Hommes G,et al.Biodegradation:The reason for the inefficiency of small organic acids in chelant-assisted phytoextraction[J].Water,Air and Soil Pollution,2008,195(1/2/3/4):177-188.
[15]Wen J,Stacey S P,McLaughlin M J,et al.Biodegradation of rhamnolipid,EDTA and citric acid in cadmium and zinc contaminated soils[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2009,41(10):2214-2221.
[16]王艮梅,周立祥,占新华,等.水田土壤中水溶性有机物的产生动态及对土壤中重金属活性的影响:田间微区试验[J].环境科学学报,2004,24(5):858-864.WANG Gen-mei,ZHOU Li-xiang,ZHAN Xin-hua,et al.Dynamics of dissolved organic matter and its effect on metal availability in paddy soil:Field micro-plot trials[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2004,24(5):858-864.
[17]Salman M,Athar M,Farooq U,et al.Insight to rapid removal of Pb(Ⅱ),Cd(Ⅱ),and Cu(Ⅱ)from aqueous solution using an agrobased adsorbent Sorghum bicolor L.biomass[J].Desalination&Water Treatment,2013,51(22/23/24):4390-4401.
[18]贾伟涛,吕素莲,冯娟娟,等.利用能源植物治理土壤重金属污染[J].中国生物工程杂志,2015,35(1):88-95.JIA Wei-tao,LüSu-lian,FENG Juan-juan,et al.Restore heavy metal contaminated soil with energy plants[J].China Biotechnology,2015,35(1):88-95.
[19]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].三版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.BAO Shi-dan.Soil and agricultural chemistry analysis[M].3th Edition.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000.
[20]马云龙,曾清如,胡浩,等.低分子有机酸对土壤中重金属的解20195吸及影响因素[J].土壤通报,2008,39(6):1419-1423.MA Yun-long,ZENG Qing-ru,HU Hao,et al.Effect of low molecular weight organic acids on desorptions of Pb,Cd,Cu and Zn from soils[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2008,39(6):1419-1423.
[21]姚桂华,徐海舟,朱林刚,等.不同有机物料对东南景天修复重金属污染土壤效率的影响[J].环境科学,2015,36(11):4268-4276.YAO Gui-hua,XU Hai-zhou,ZHU Lin-gang,et al.Effects of different kinds of organic materials on soil heavy metal phytoremediation efficiency by Sedum alfredii Hance[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(11):4268-4276.
[22]Prieto C,Lozano J C,Blanco R P,et al.Enhancing radium solubilization in soils by citrate,EDTA,and EDDS chelating amendments[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2013,250/251(8):439-446.
[23]Shirvani M,Shariatmadari H,Kalbasi M.Kinetics of cadmium desorption from fibrous silicate clay minerals:Influence of organic ligands and aging[J].Applied Clay Science,2007,37(1):175-184.
[24]孙卫玲,赵蓉,张岚,等.pH对铜在黄土中吸持及其形态的影响[J].环境科学,2001,22(3):78-83.SUN Wei-ling,ZHAO Rong,ZHANG Lan,et al.Effect of pH on copper sorption by the loess and its species[J].Environmental Science,2001,22(3):78-83.
[25]Wu L H,Luo Y M,Christie P,et al.Effects of EDTA and low molecular weight organic acids on soil solution properties of a heavy metal polluted soil[J].Chemosphere,2003,50(6):819-822.
[26]Ettler V,Vrti?kováR,Mihaljevi?M,et al.Cadmium,lead and zinc leaching from smelter fly ash in simple organic acids-simulators of rhizospheric soil solutions[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,170(2/3):1264-1268.
[27]Qin F,Shan X Q,Wei B.Effects of low-molecular-weight organic acids and residence time on desorption of Cu,Cd,and Pb from soils[J].Chemosphere,2004,57(4):253-263.
[28]潘逸,周立祥.小麦地土壤水溶性有机物动态及对土壤铜镉活性的影响:田间微区试验[J].环境科学,2007,28(4):4859-4865.PAN Yi,ZHOU Li-xiang.Dynamics of dissolved organic matter and its effect on copper and cadmium activity in the contaminated wheat soil:Field micro-plot trials[J].Environmental Science,2007,28(4):4859-4865.
[29]张丽娜,宗良纲,沈振国.有机肥和生态肥对土壤中镉行为以及水稻生长的影响[J].土壤通报,2007,38(6):1182-1186.ZHANG Li-na,ZONG Liang-gang,SHEN Zhen-guo.Effects of organic fertilizer and ecological fertilizer on behaviors of cadmium and rice growth in Cd contaminated soil[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2007,38(6):1182-1186.
[30]Jia W T,Miao F,LüS,et al.Identification for the capability of Cdtolerance,accumulation and translocation of 96 sorghum genotypes[J].Ecotoxicology&Environmental Safety,2017,145:391-397.
[31]Tian Y L,Zhang H Y,Guo W,et al.Morphological responses,biomass yield,and bioenergy potential of sweet sorghum cultivated in cadmium-contaminated soil for biofuel[J].International Journal of Green Energy,2015,12(6):577-584.
[32]陈立,王丹,龙婵,等.3种螯合剂对向日葵修复镉污染土壤的影响[J].环境科学与技术,2017,40(11):22-29.CHEN Li,WANG Dan,LONG Chan,et al.Effects of three cheating agents on rehabilitation of Cd-contaminated soil with sunflower[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2017,40(11):22-29.
[33]唐宇庭,黄佳玉,王维生,等.低分子有机酸对油菜吸收Cd和Zn的影响[J].广西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2012,30(2):127-131.TANG Yu-ting,HUANG Jia-yu,WANG Wei-sheng,et al.Effect of low molecular weight organic acids on Cd and Zn absorption of rape[J].Journal of Guangxi Normal University:Natural Science Edition,2012,30(2):127-131.
[34]张烁,张海波,董伟军.高粱的主要用途与发展前景[J].农业与技术,2014,34(7):111.ZHANG Shuo,ZHANG Hai-bo,DONG Wei-jun.Main usages and development prospects of sorghum[J].Agriculture and Technology,2014,34(7):111.
[35]Pinto A P,Mota A M,De V A,et al.Influence of organic materials on the uptake of cadmium,zinc,copper and iron by sorghum plants[J].Science of the Total Environment,2004,326(1/2/3):239-247.
[36]Soudek P,Petrová?,VaňkováR,et al.Accumulation of heavy metals using Sorghum sp.[J].Chemosphere,2014,104(4):15-24.
[37]Shen Z G,Li X D,Wang C C,et al.Lead phytoextraction from contaminated soil with high-biomass plant species[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2002,31(6):1893-1900.
[38]Wenzel W W,Unterbrunner R,Sommer P,et al.Chelate-assisted phytoextraction using canola(Brassica napus L.)in outdoors pot and lysimeter experiments[J].Plant&Soil,2003,249(1):83-96.
[39]Freitas E V D S,Nascimento C W A D,Silva A J,et al.Citric acid enhances lead phytoextraction from a soil contaminated by automotive batteries[J].Revista Brasileira De Ciência Do Solo,2009,33(2):467-473.
[40]Neugschwandtner R W,Tlusto?P,Komárek M,et al.Phytoextraction of Pb and Cd from a contaminated agricultural soil using different EDTA application regimes:Laboratory versus field scale measures of efficiency[J].Geoderma,2008,144(3):446-454.
[41]Zhuang P,Shu W,Li Z A,et al.Removal of metals by sorghum plants from contaminated land[J].Environment Sciences,2009,21(10):1432-1437.1007