鄂尔多斯盆地延长组致密砂岩储层微观孔喉特征差异及其成因
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摘要
为分析不同沉积与成岩作用改造下致密砂岩储层的孔喉类型及其参数差异,利用物性、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、恒速压汞、图像粒度与X衍射实验结果,对比了鄂尔多斯盆地合水地区延长组长8储层和薛岔地区延长组长6储层的孔喉类型,定量评价了孔喉参数,揭示了形成原因。结果表明,合水地区长8储层孔隙更为发育,粒间孔、溶蚀孔、晶间孔和微孔、弱压实成因缩颈状喉道和溶蚀成因、粘土胶结成因管束状喉道含量高;薛岔地区长6储层的孔隙类型少且发育程度较差,压实成因片状、弯片状喉道含量高。两个区块的孔隙参数差异小,喉道参数差异大,前者大喉道更为发育,喉道差异大,孔喉比大,对渗透率起贡献的喉道分布范围更宽。相同渗透率条件下,前者的平均喉道半径、主流喉道半径和孔喉比大于后者。沉积水动力条件、粒度、碎屑组分、填隙物、成岩作用类型及其改造程度是两个研究区孔隙发育程度不同、喉道类型差异和孔喉参数表现出不同特征的主要原因。
By adopting quantitative evaluation of pore throat parameters under different depositional and diagenetic conditions,and with reference to the test results of physical property,casting section,SEM,constant speed mercury injection,particle size and X diffraction,the pore throat types of Chang 8 reservoir of Heshui Region and Chang 6 reservoir of Xuecha Region in Ordos Basin were analyzed,contrasted and reasons for how they were formed were revealed. Results show that the pores are better developed in Chang 8 reservoir in Heshui Region,with a high quantity of intergranular,dissolved,intercrystalline and micro pores,as well as necking down throats with weak compaction,tube-shaped throats with dissolution and clay cementation; while pores are less developed in terms of both types and range in Chang 6 reservoir of Xuecha Region,with high quantity of lamellar and curved lamellar throats with compaction. For the two studied reservoirs,the differences in pore parameters are not as significant as those in throat parameters. Compared to Chang 6 reservoir,Chang 8 reservoir developed better and larger throats with apparent differences,bigger pore-throat ratio,and widerdistribution of throats that are conducive to permeability. Under the condition of same permeability,the average throat radius,main flow throat radius and pore-throat ratio of Chang 8 reservoir are all bigger than those of Chang 6 reservoir. It can be concluded that the hydrodynamic conditions in sediments,particle size,detrital component,interstitials,diagenesis types and their respective influence degrees,are the main reasons for the differences in the development of pores,throat types and pore throat parameters.
By adopting quantitative evaluation of pore throat parameters under different depositional and diagenetic conditions,and with reference to the test results of physical property,casting section,SEM,constant speed mercury injection,particle size and X diffraction,the pore throat types of Chang 8 reservoir of Heshui Region and Chang 6 reservoir of Xuecha Region in Ordos Basin were analyzed,contrasted and reasons for how they were formed were revealed. Results show that the pores are better developed in Chang 8 reservoir in Heshui Region,with a high quantity of intergranular,dissolved,intercrystalline and micro pores,as well as necking down throats with weak compaction,tube-shaped throats with dissolution and clay cementation; while pores are less developed in terms of both types and range in Chang 6 reservoir of Xuecha Region,with high quantity of lamellar and curved lamellar throats with compaction. For the two studied reservoirs,the differences in pore parameters are not as significant as those in throat parameters. Compared to Chang 6 reservoir,Chang 8 reservoir developed better and larger throats with apparent differences,bigger pore-throat ratio,and widerdistribution of throats that are conducive to permeability. Under the condition of same permeability,the average throat radius,main flow throat radius and pore-throat ratio of Chang 8 reservoir are all bigger than those of Chang 6 reservoir. It can be concluded that the hydrodynamic conditions in sediments,particle size,detrital component,interstitials,diagenesis types and their respective influence degrees,are the main reasons for the differences in the development of pores,throat types and pore throat parameters.
引文
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[18]张玉银.溶蚀作用对火山岩有效储层形成的控制作用—以松辽盆地徐家围子断陷营城组为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2018,39(3):587-593.Zhang Yuyin. Controlling effect of dissolution on valid volcanic reservoir formation:A case study of the Yingcheng Formation in the Xujiaweizi Fault Depression,Songliao Basin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2018,39(3):587-593.
[19]陈杰,周鼎武.鄂尔多斯盆地合水地区长8储层微观非均质性的试验分析[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2010,34(4):13-18.Chen Jie,Zhou Dingwu. Experimental analysis on micro-anisotropy of Chang 8 reservoir in Heshui area,Ordos Basin[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Sciences),2010,34(4):13-18.
[20]高辉,敬晓锋,张兰.不同孔喉匹配关系下的特低渗透砂岩微观孔喉特征差异[J].石油实验地质,2013,35(4):401-406.Gao Hui,JingXiaofeng,Zhang Lan. Difference of micro-pore throat characteristics in extra-low permeability sandstone of different pore throat matching relationship[J]. Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2013,35(4):401-406.
[21]林玉保,张江,刘先贵,等.喇嘛甸油田高含水后期储集层孔隙结构特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(2):215-219.Lin Yubao,Zhang Jiang,Liu Xiangui,et al. Pore structure features of reservoirs at late high water-cut stage,Lamadian Oilfield,Daqing[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2008,35(2):215-219.
[22]高辉,解伟,杨建鹏,等.基于恒速压汞技术的特低-超低渗砂岩储层微观孔喉特征[J].石油实验地质,2011,33(2):206-211.Gao Hui,Xie Wei,Yang Jianpeng,et al. Pore throat characteristics of extra-ultra low permeability sandstone reservoir based on constant rate mercury penetration technique[J]. Petroleum Geology&Expriment,2011,33(2):206-211.
[23]肖开华,冯动军,李秀鹏.川西新场须四段致密砂岩储层微观孔喉与可动流体变化特征[J].石油实验地质,2014,36(1):77-82.Xiao Kaihua,Feng Dongjun,Li Xiupeng. Micro pore and throat characteristics and moveable fluid variation of tight sandstone in 4th member of Xujiahe Formation,Xinchang Gas Field,western Sichuan Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology&Expriment,2014,36(1):77-82.
[24]高辉,孙卫.鄂尔多斯盆地合水地区长8储层成岩作用与有利成岩相带[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2010,40(3):543-548.Gao Hui,Sun Wei. Diagenesis and favorable diagenetic facies of Chang 8 reservoir in Heshui area,Ordos Basin[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2010,40(3):543-548.
[25]李文厚,庞军刚,曹红霞,等.鄂尔多斯盆地晚三叠世延长期沉积体系及岩相古地理演化[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2009,39(3):501-506.Li Wenhou,Pang Jungang,Cao Hongxia,et al. Depositional system and paleogeographic evolution of the late Triassic Yanchang stage in Ordos basin[J]. Journal of Northwest University(Earth Science Edition),2009,39(3):501-506.
[26]张创,孙卫,高辉,等.鄂尔多斯盆地华池长8储层成岩相与孔隙度演化[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,2014,39(4):411-420.Zhang Chuang,Sun Wei,Gao Hui,et al. Reservoir diagenetic facies and porosity evolution pathways of Chang 8 formation in Huachi,Ordos Basin[J]. Earth Scicnce—Journal of China University of Geosciences. 2014,39(4):411-420.
[27]张创,孙卫,高辉,等.基于铸体薄片资料的砂岩储层孔隙度演化定量计算方法—以鄂尔多斯盆地环江地区长8储层为例[J].沉积学报,2014,32(2):365-374.Zhang Chuang,Sun Wei,Gao Hui,et al. Quantitative calculation of sandstone porosity evolution based on thin section data:A case study from Chang 8 reservoir of Huanjiang area,Ordos Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2014,32(2):365-374.
[2] Gao Hui,Li Huazhou. Pore structure characterization,permeability evaluation and enhanced gas recovery techniques of tight gas sandstones[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2016,28:536-547.
[3] Wang Guiwen,Chang Xianghcun,Yin Wei,et al. Impact of diagenesis on reservoir quality and heterogeneity of the Upper Triassic Chang8 tight oil sandstones in the Zhenjing area,Ordos Basin,China[J].Marine&Petroleum Geology,2017,83:84-96.
[4] Lai Jin,Wang Guiwen,Fan Zhuoying,et al. Insight into the pore structure of tight sandstones using NMR and HPMI measurements[J]. Energy&Fuels,2016,30:10200-10214.
[5] Clarkson C,Solano N,Bustin R,et al. Pore structure characterization of North American shale gas reservoirs using USANS/SANS,gas adsorption,and mercury intrusion[J]. Fuel,2013,103(1):606-616.
[6] Eslami M,Kadkhodaie A,Sharghi Y,et al. Construction of synthetic capillary pressure curves from the joint use of NMR log data and conventional well logs[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2013,111:50-58.
[7] Hübner,Wiete. Studying the pore space of cuttings by NMR andμCT[J]. Journal of Applied Geophysics,2014,104:97-105.
[8]李易霖,张云峰,尹淑丽,等.致密砂岩储集空间多尺度表征—以松辽盆地齐家地区高台子油层为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(6):915-922.Li Yilin,Zhang Yunfeng,Yin Shuli,et al. Characterization of the pore space in tight sandstone reservoirs from macroscopic and microscopic perspectives:A case study of Gaotaizi reservoir in Qijia area,the Songliao Basin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(6):915-922.
[9]王民,关莹,李传明,等.济阳坳陷沙河街组湖相页岩储层孔隙定性描述及全孔径定量评价[J].石油与天然气地质,2018,39(6):1107-1119.Wang Min,Guan Ying,Li Chuanming,et al. Qualitative description and full-pore—size quantitative evaluation of pores in lacustrine shale reservoir of Shahejie Formation,Jiyang Depression[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2018,39(6):1107-1119.
[10] Megawati M,Madland M V,Hiorth A. Probing pore characteristics of deformed chalk by NMR relaxation[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science&Engineering,2012,100:123-130.
[11] Y S Yang,K Y Liu,S. Mayo,et al. A data-constrained modelling approach to sandstone microstructure characterisation[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2013,105:76-83.
[12]屈乐,孙卫,杜环虹,等.基于CT扫描的三维数字岩心孔隙结构表征方法及应用—以莫北油田116井区三工河组为例[J].现代地质,2014,28(1):190-196.Qu Le,Sun Wei,Du Huanhong,et al. Characterization technique of pore Structure by 3D digital core based on CT scanning and its application:an example from Sangonghe Formation of 116 Well Field in Mobei Oilfield[J]. Geoscience,2014,28(1):190-196.
[13]张创,孙卫,杨建鹏,等.低渗砂岩储层孔喉的分布特征及其差异性成因[J].地质学报,2012,86(2):335-347.Zhang Chuang,Sun Wei,Yang Jianpeng,et al. Pore and pore-throat size distributions of low permeability sandstone reservoir and their differential origin[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,2012,86(2):335-347.
[14]钟大康,周立建,孙海涛,等.储层岩石学特征对成岩作用及孔隙发育的影响—以鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区三叠系延长组为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(6):890-899.Zhong Dakang,Zhou Lijian,Sun Haitao,et al. Influences of petrologic features on diagenesis and pore development:an example from the Triassic Yanchang Formation in Longdong area,Ordos Basin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2012,33(6):890-899.
[15]赖锦,王贵文,王书南,等.川中蓬莱地区须二段和须四段储层孔隙结构特征及影响因素[J].中国地质,2013,40(3):927-938.Lai Jin,Wang Guiwen,Wang Shunan,et al. Pore structure characteristics and controlling factors of 2nd and 4th member reservoirs in Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation of Penglai area,central Sichuan Basin[J]. Geology in China,2013,40(3):927-938.
[16]李杪,侯云东,罗静兰,等.致密砂岩储层埋藏一成岩一油气充注演化过程与孔隙演化定量分析—以鄂尔多斯盆地东部上古生界盒8段天然气储层为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(6):882-892.Li Miao,Hou Yundong,Luo Jinglan,et al. Burial,diagenesis,hydrocarbon charging evolution process and quantitative analysis of porosity evolution:A case study from He 8 tight sand gas reservoir of the Upper Paleozoic in Eastern Ordos Basin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(6):882-892.
[17]李继岩.渤海湾盆地东营凹陷东段红层储层成岩环境时空演化及成岩孔隙演化[J].石油与天然气地质,2017,38(1):90-97.Li Jiyan. Temporal-spatial evolution of diagenetic environment and diagenesis pore evolutionary process of red beds in the eastern Dongying Sag,Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2017,38(1):90-97.
[18]张玉银.溶蚀作用对火山岩有效储层形成的控制作用—以松辽盆地徐家围子断陷营城组为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2018,39(3):587-593.Zhang Yuyin. Controlling effect of dissolution on valid volcanic reservoir formation:A case study of the Yingcheng Formation in the Xujiaweizi Fault Depression,Songliao Basin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2018,39(3):587-593.
[19]陈杰,周鼎武.鄂尔多斯盆地合水地区长8储层微观非均质性的试验分析[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2010,34(4):13-18.Chen Jie,Zhou Dingwu. Experimental analysis on micro-anisotropy of Chang 8 reservoir in Heshui area,Ordos Basin[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Sciences),2010,34(4):13-18.
[20]高辉,敬晓锋,张兰.不同孔喉匹配关系下的特低渗透砂岩微观孔喉特征差异[J].石油实验地质,2013,35(4):401-406.Gao Hui,JingXiaofeng,Zhang Lan. Difference of micro-pore throat characteristics in extra-low permeability sandstone of different pore throat matching relationship[J]. Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2013,35(4):401-406.
[21]林玉保,张江,刘先贵,等.喇嘛甸油田高含水后期储集层孔隙结构特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(2):215-219.Lin Yubao,Zhang Jiang,Liu Xiangui,et al. Pore structure features of reservoirs at late high water-cut stage,Lamadian Oilfield,Daqing[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2008,35(2):215-219.
[22]高辉,解伟,杨建鹏,等.基于恒速压汞技术的特低-超低渗砂岩储层微观孔喉特征[J].石油实验地质,2011,33(2):206-211.Gao Hui,Xie Wei,Yang Jianpeng,et al. Pore throat characteristics of extra-ultra low permeability sandstone reservoir based on constant rate mercury penetration technique[J]. Petroleum Geology&Expriment,2011,33(2):206-211.
[23]肖开华,冯动军,李秀鹏.川西新场须四段致密砂岩储层微观孔喉与可动流体变化特征[J].石油实验地质,2014,36(1):77-82.Xiao Kaihua,Feng Dongjun,Li Xiupeng. Micro pore and throat characteristics and moveable fluid variation of tight sandstone in 4th member of Xujiahe Formation,Xinchang Gas Field,western Sichuan Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology&Expriment,2014,36(1):77-82.
[24]高辉,孙卫.鄂尔多斯盆地合水地区长8储层成岩作用与有利成岩相带[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2010,40(3):543-548.Gao Hui,Sun Wei. Diagenesis and favorable diagenetic facies of Chang 8 reservoir in Heshui area,Ordos Basin[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2010,40(3):543-548.
[25]李文厚,庞军刚,曹红霞,等.鄂尔多斯盆地晚三叠世延长期沉积体系及岩相古地理演化[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2009,39(3):501-506.Li Wenhou,Pang Jungang,Cao Hongxia,et al. Depositional system and paleogeographic evolution of the late Triassic Yanchang stage in Ordos basin[J]. Journal of Northwest University(Earth Science Edition),2009,39(3):501-506.
[26]张创,孙卫,高辉,等.鄂尔多斯盆地华池长8储层成岩相与孔隙度演化[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,2014,39(4):411-420.Zhang Chuang,Sun Wei,Gao Hui,et al. Reservoir diagenetic facies and porosity evolution pathways of Chang 8 formation in Huachi,Ordos Basin[J]. Earth Scicnce—Journal of China University of Geosciences. 2014,39(4):411-420.
[27]张创,孙卫,高辉,等.基于铸体薄片资料的砂岩储层孔隙度演化定量计算方法—以鄂尔多斯盆地环江地区长8储层为例[J].沉积学报,2014,32(2):365-374.Zhang Chuang,Sun Wei,Gao Hui,et al. Quantitative calculation of sandstone porosity evolution based on thin section data:A case study from Chang 8 reservoir of Huanjiang area,Ordos Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2014,32(2):365-374.