汉城湖浮游动物群落结构特征及与水质关系
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摘要
为了探究陕西西安汉城湖浮游动物群落结构特征及与水体营养化水平关系,于2015年的3、6、9和12月份对汉城湖浮游动物进行了调查研究,运用丰度、生物量、E/O指数、Q_(B/T)指数、E指数、S指数、多样性指数和综合营养状态指数(TSI)评价水体营养化程度,应用典范对应分析法(CCA)分析了环境因子与浮游动物的相关性,结果显示:共检测出浮游动物21属28种,其中原生动物3种,轮虫21种,枝角类2种,桡足类2种,浮游动物丰度为17—48个·L~(-1),生物量为0.012—0.058 mg·L~(-1),优势种有20种;丰度和生物量显示水体处于贫营养状态,E/O指数、Q_(B/T)指数、肥度指数(E)和综合营养状态指数(TSI)均显示水体为富营养型,污生指数(S)和多样性指数显示水体为中营养型,综合结果表明,汉城湖整体处于中-富营养水平;水温、总氮、溶解氧、叶绿素a和透明度是影响汉城湖浮游动物种群结构的主要环境因子。
In order to evaluate the characters of zooplankton community and its relationship to the eutrophic state of water bodies,zooplankton community composition of Hancheng Lake was investigated in May,June,September and December of2015,respectively.Several evaluation methods were used to evaluate water quality,including zooplankton abundance and biomass,eu-mesotrophic/oligo-mesotrophic(E/O)index,Q_(B/T) index,fertility index method(E),saprobic index(S),diversity index and trophic state index(TSI).The canonical correspondence analysis(CCA)was used to analyze the correlations between environmental factors and the zooplankton community structure.The results showed that 21 genera comprising 28species of zooplankton were identified,including Protozoan(3 species),Rotifera(21 species),Cladocera(2 species)and Copepoda(2 species).The abundance of zooplankton species in Hancheng Lake ranged from 17 to 48 ind·L~(-1),and the biomass ranged from 0.012 to 0.058 mg·L~(-1).20 dominant species were counted.Zooplankton abundance and biomass indicated that Hancheng Lake was at oligtrophic type,the eutrophic level was determined by E/O index,Q_(B/T) index,E index and trophic state index(TSI),and the water quality evaluation determined mesotrophic based on saprobic index and diversity index.Comprehensive result indicated that Hancheng Lake was at mesotrophic-eutrophication level.CCA analysis showed that water temperature,total nitrogen,dissolved oxygen,chlorophyll a and transparency were the main factors affecting the zooplankton community structures.
In order to evaluate the characters of zooplankton community and its relationship to the eutrophic state of water bodies,zooplankton community composition of Hancheng Lake was investigated in May,June,September and December of2015,respectively.Several evaluation methods were used to evaluate water quality,including zooplankton abundance and biomass,eu-mesotrophic/oligo-mesotrophic(E/O)index,Q_(B/T) index,fertility index method(E),saprobic index(S),diversity index and trophic state index(TSI).The canonical correspondence analysis(CCA)was used to analyze the correlations between environmental factors and the zooplankton community structure.The results showed that 21 genera comprising 28species of zooplankton were identified,including Protozoan(3 species),Rotifera(21 species),Cladocera(2 species)and Copepoda(2 species).The abundance of zooplankton species in Hancheng Lake ranged from 17 to 48 ind·L~(-1),and the biomass ranged from 0.012 to 0.058 mg·L~(-1).20 dominant species were counted.Zooplankton abundance and biomass indicated that Hancheng Lake was at oligtrophic type,the eutrophic level was determined by E/O index,Q_(B/T) index,E index and trophic state index(TSI),and the water quality evaluation determined mesotrophic based on saprobic index and diversity index.Comprehensive result indicated that Hancheng Lake was at mesotrophic-eutrophication level.CCA analysis showed that water temperature,total nitrogen,dissolved oxygen,chlorophyll a and transparency were the main factors affecting the zooplankton community structures.
引文
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[27]陈光荣,钟萍,张修峰,等.惠州西湖浮游动物及其与水质的关系[J].湖泊科学,2008,20(3):351–356.
[28]黄简易,朱艺峰,王银,等.象山港浮游动物群落结构时空变化的定量驱动分析[J].生态科学,2014,33(4):713–722.
[29]NOGUEIRA M G.Phytoplankton composition,dominance and abundance as indicators of environmental compartmentalization in Jurumirim Reservoir(Paranapanema River),S?o Paulo,Brazil[J].Hydrobiologia,2000,455(2/3):115–128.
[30]杨亮杰,吕光汉,竺俊全,等.横山水库浮游动物群落结构特征及水质评价[J].水生生物学报,2014,38(4):720–728.
[31]杨宇峰,黄祥飞.鲢鳙对浮游动物群落结构的影响[J].湖泊科学,1991,4(3):78–86.
[32]张世羊,周巧红,成水平,等.复合养殖系统中浮游动物种类丰度及其影响因素[J].中国环境科学,2009,29(7):745–750.
[33]陈炳辉,刘正文.滤食杂食性鱼类放养对浮游动物群落结构的影响[J].生态科学,2012,31(2):161–166.
[34]HALL D J,THRELKELD S T,AND C W B,et al.The Size-Efficiency Hypothesis and the Size Structure of Zooplankton Communities[J].Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,1976,7(1):177–208.
[35]YANG Y F,HUANG X F,LIU J K,et al.Effects of fish stocking on the zooplankton community structure in a shallow lake in China[J].Fisheries Management and Ecology,2005,12(12):81–89.
[36]KAJAK Z.The possibilities of fish,especially silver carp to overcome water bloom in temperature water bodies[J].Symp Biol Hung,1979,19:77–86.
[37]赵玉宝.鲤鱼种和鲢鳙对池塘浮游生物的影响[J].生态学报,1993,03(4):348–355.
[38]郭飞飞,张云,赵广,等.金沙河水库浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(8):2208–2216.
[39]SARMA1 S S S,NANDINI S,GULATI R D.Life history strategies of cladocerans:comparisons of tropical and temperate taxa[M].Aquatic Biodiversity II.Springer Netherlands,2005:315–333.
[40]PINTOCOELHO R,PINELALLOUL B,Méthot G,et al.Crustacean zooplankton in lakes and reservoirs of temperate and tropical regions:variation with trophic status[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,2005,62(2):348–361.
[41]邱小琮,赵红雪,孙晓雪.沙湖浮游动物与水环境因子关系的多元分析[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(4):896–901.
[42]杜明敏,刘镇盛,王春生,等.中国近海浮游动物群落结构及季节变化[J].生态学报,2013,33(17):5407–5418.
[43]吴利,李源玲,陈延松.淮河干流浮游动物群落结构特征[J].湖泊科学,2015,27(5):932–940
[44]DRUVIETIS I,KLAVINS M,URTANE L,et al.Evaluation of plankton communities in small highly humic bog lakes in Latvia[J].Environment International,1998,24(5):595–602.
[45]蔡庆华.武汉东湖浮游生物间相互关系的多元分析[J].中国科学院大学学报,1995,12(1):97–102.
[46]陈光荣,雷泽湘,谭镇,等.环境因子对广东城市湖泊后生浮游动物的影响[J].水生态学杂志,2010,03(4):31–35.
[47]郭劲松,陈园,李哲,等.三峡小江回水区叶绿素a季节变化及其同主要藻类的相互关系[J].环境科学,2011,32(4):976–981.
[2]李超伦,王克.植食性浮游桡足类摄食生态学研究进展[J].生态学报,2002,22(4):593–596.
[3]高子涵,张健,皮杰,等.湖南省大通湖浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子关系[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(3):733–740.
[4]吴利,冯伟松,张堂林,等.湖北省西凉湖浮游动物群落周年动态变化及其与环境因子的关系[J].湖泊科学,2011,23(4):619–625.
[5]刘歆璞,王丽卿,张宁,等.青草沙水库后生浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(5):1238–1248.
[6]蒋建军.试论西安市汉城湖对汉文化与水文化的传承与创新[J].水利发展研究,2015,15(11):81–84.
[7]韩茂森,束蕴芳.中国淡水生物图谱[M].北京:海洋出版社,1995.
[8]周凤霞.淡水微型生物与底栖动物图谱[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2011.
[9]章宗涉,黄详飞.淡水浮游生物研究方法[M].北京:科学出版社,1991.
[10]陈雪梅.淡水桡足类生物量的测算[J].水生生物学报,1981(3):397–408.
[11]赵文.水生生物学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005.
[12]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法(第四版)[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002:88–284.
[13]高原,赖子尼,李捷,等.连江浮游动物多样性的空间分布[J].生物多样性,2013,21(6):699–708.
[14]李强,田华,姜民,等.淀山湖浮游动物群落结构特征及其影响因子[J].水生态学杂志,2015,36(4):69–77.
[15]袁聪,陶诗雨,张莹莹,等.安康水库表层浮游藻类群落结构及其与环境因子的关系[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(7):2167–2176.
[16]陈立婧,顾静,彭自然,等.上海崇明岛明珠湖轮虫群落结构[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(12):3057–3062.
[17]张觉民,何志辉.内陆水域渔业自然资源调查手册[M].北京:农业出版社,1991.
[18]鞠永富,于洪贤,于婷,等.西泉眼水库夏季浮游动物群落结构特征及水质评价[J].生态学报,2016,36(16):5126–5132.
[19]王凤娟,胡子全,汤洁,等.用浮游动物评价巢湖东湖区的水质和营养类型[J].生态科学,2006,25(6):550–553.
[20]WHITTAKER,R.H.Evolution and measurement of species diversity[J].Taxon,1972,21(2/3):213–251.
[21]MARGALEF D R.Information theory in ecology[J].General-Systems,1958,3:36–71.
[22]PIELOU E C.Species-diversity and pattern-diversity in the study of ecological succession[J].Journal of Theoretical Biology,1966,10(2):370–383.
[23]王凤娟.巢湖东半湖浮游生物与水质状况及营养类型评价[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2007.
[24]陈立婧,顾静,彭自然,等.滆湖轮虫群落结构与水质生态学评价[J].动物学杂志,2008,43(3):7–16.
[25]ACHENBACH L,LAMPERT W.Effects of elevated temperatures on threshold food concentrations and possible competitive abilities of differently sized cladoceran species[J].Oikos,1997,79(3):469–476.
[26]姜胜,黄长江,陈善文,等.2000—2001年柘林湾浮游动物的群落结构及时空分布[J].生态学报,2002,22(6):828–840.
[27]陈光荣,钟萍,张修峰,等.惠州西湖浮游动物及其与水质的关系[J].湖泊科学,2008,20(3):351–356.
[28]黄简易,朱艺峰,王银,等.象山港浮游动物群落结构时空变化的定量驱动分析[J].生态科学,2014,33(4):713–722.
[29]NOGUEIRA M G.Phytoplankton composition,dominance and abundance as indicators of environmental compartmentalization in Jurumirim Reservoir(Paranapanema River),S?o Paulo,Brazil[J].Hydrobiologia,2000,455(2/3):115–128.
[30]杨亮杰,吕光汉,竺俊全,等.横山水库浮游动物群落结构特征及水质评价[J].水生生物学报,2014,38(4):720–728.
[31]杨宇峰,黄祥飞.鲢鳙对浮游动物群落结构的影响[J].湖泊科学,1991,4(3):78–86.
[32]张世羊,周巧红,成水平,等.复合养殖系统中浮游动物种类丰度及其影响因素[J].中国环境科学,2009,29(7):745–750.
[33]陈炳辉,刘正文.滤食杂食性鱼类放养对浮游动物群落结构的影响[J].生态科学,2012,31(2):161–166.
[34]HALL D J,THRELKELD S T,AND C W B,et al.The Size-Efficiency Hypothesis and the Size Structure of Zooplankton Communities[J].Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,1976,7(1):177–208.
[35]YANG Y F,HUANG X F,LIU J K,et al.Effects of fish stocking on the zooplankton community structure in a shallow lake in China[J].Fisheries Management and Ecology,2005,12(12):81–89.
[36]KAJAK Z.The possibilities of fish,especially silver carp to overcome water bloom in temperature water bodies[J].Symp Biol Hung,1979,19:77–86.
[37]赵玉宝.鲤鱼种和鲢鳙对池塘浮游生物的影响[J].生态学报,1993,03(4):348–355.
[38]郭飞飞,张云,赵广,等.金沙河水库浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(8):2208–2216.
[39]SARMA1 S S S,NANDINI S,GULATI R D.Life history strategies of cladocerans:comparisons of tropical and temperate taxa[M].Aquatic Biodiversity II.Springer Netherlands,2005:315–333.
[40]PINTOCOELHO R,PINELALLOUL B,Méthot G,et al.Crustacean zooplankton in lakes and reservoirs of temperate and tropical regions:variation with trophic status[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,2005,62(2):348–361.
[41]邱小琮,赵红雪,孙晓雪.沙湖浮游动物与水环境因子关系的多元分析[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(4):896–901.
[42]杜明敏,刘镇盛,王春生,等.中国近海浮游动物群落结构及季节变化[J].生态学报,2013,33(17):5407–5418.
[43]吴利,李源玲,陈延松.淮河干流浮游动物群落结构特征[J].湖泊科学,2015,27(5):932–940
[44]DRUVIETIS I,KLAVINS M,URTANE L,et al.Evaluation of plankton communities in small highly humic bog lakes in Latvia[J].Environment International,1998,24(5):595–602.
[45]蔡庆华.武汉东湖浮游生物间相互关系的多元分析[J].中国科学院大学学报,1995,12(1):97–102.
[46]陈光荣,雷泽湘,谭镇,等.环境因子对广东城市湖泊后生浮游动物的影响[J].水生态学杂志,2010,03(4):31–35.
[47]郭劲松,陈园,李哲,等.三峡小江回水区叶绿素a季节变化及其同主要藻类的相互关系[J].环境科学,2011,32(4):976–981.
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