不同纤维来源与添加水平对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响
|
摘要
试验研究不同纤维来源与不同添加水平对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响。选用21日龄断奶三元杂交(杜长大)仔猪245头,初始平均体重为(6.44±0.09) kg,采用完全随机区组分为5个处理:①对照组;②0.5%小麦麸组;③1%小麦麸组;④1%燕麦糠壳组;⑤2%燕麦糠壳组。每个处理7个重复,每个重复7头猪,试验期21 d,对照组为玉米-豆粕型日粮,中性洗涤纤维(neutral detergent fiber,NDF)水平为5.92%,纤维组直接用纤维原料替代玉米,日粮NDF水平增至7.3%,所有处理组日粮粗蛋白质(crude protein,CP)含量近乎一致。结果表明,纤维组没有降低仔猪生长性能,且断奶后第一周1%麦麸组和1%燕麦糠壳组平均日增重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且2%燕麦糠壳组仔猪平均日增重极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。断奶后第2周1%和2%燕麦糠壳组仔猪平均日增重仍显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但第2周平均日采食量并无显著提高(P>0.05),直接原因是断奶第2周料重比显著低于其他组(P<0.05)。断奶后第3周各处理组间平均日采食量、平均日增重和料重比差异不显著(P>0.05),但数据上看纤维组好于对照组。不同处理组粪便评分差异不明显,但2%燕麦壳组腹泻率显著降低(P<0.05)。综上所述,以不同纤维源及纤维组分配制的日粮对断奶仔猪生产性能和肠道健康有不同影响。其中日粮中加入2%的燕麦糠壳效果优于其他处理组。
This experiment was conducted to research the effect of different fiber level diets formulated with different fiber source on growth performance of weaned piglets. 245 piglets(6.44 ± 0.09) kg weaned at 21 d, were allotted to a randomized complete block design including 5 dietary treatments:① Control(CON); ② 0.5% wheat bran(WB); ③ 1% WB; ④ 1% oat hull(OH); ⑤ 2% OH. Each treatment was fed to 7 replicate pens with 7 piglets. The dietary treatments were comprised of a maize and soybean meal CON diet formulated with a medium content of NDF(5.92%) and the high fiber diets were formulated using fibrous ingredients replacing corn, highest NDF to 7.3%. All diets were formulated on the equal crude protein, and were fed ad libitum for 21 d. Pigs fed the fibrous ingredients did not decrease growth performace than pigs fed the CON diets. Pigs fed with 1% WB and 1% OH had higher ADG than CON group in first week after weaning(P<0.05), piglets ADG feeding 2% OH group increased significantly. Second week after weaning, 1% and 2% OH group still had higher ADG than CON group, but the feed intake did not increase significantly(P>0.05), the direct cause is low feedgain(FG). But in third week, there were no significant differences among all groups(P>0.05). During the whole 3 weeks, the fecal scores also had no significant differences, but the diarrhea rate of pigs fed 2% OH was significantly decreased. We conclude that weaned piglets fed diets formulated with different fiber sources have different effects on pig performance. 2% OH diet performed better than other treatments.
This experiment was conducted to research the effect of different fiber level diets formulated with different fiber source on growth performance of weaned piglets. 245 piglets(6.44 ± 0.09) kg weaned at 21 d, were allotted to a randomized complete block design including 5 dietary treatments:① Control(CON); ② 0.5% wheat bran(WB); ③ 1% WB; ④ 1% oat hull(OH); ⑤ 2% OH. Each treatment was fed to 7 replicate pens with 7 piglets. The dietary treatments were comprised of a maize and soybean meal CON diet formulated with a medium content of NDF(5.92%) and the high fiber diets were formulated using fibrous ingredients replacing corn, highest NDF to 7.3%. All diets were formulated on the equal crude protein, and were fed ad libitum for 21 d. Pigs fed the fibrous ingredients did not decrease growth performace than pigs fed the CON diets. Pigs fed with 1% WB and 1% OH had higher ADG than CON group in first week after weaning(P<0.05), piglets ADG feeding 2% OH group increased significantly. Second week after weaning, 1% and 2% OH group still had higher ADG than CON group, but the feed intake did not increase significantly(P>0.05), the direct cause is low feedgain(FG). But in third week, there were no significant differences among all groups(P>0.05). During the whole 3 weeks, the fecal scores also had no significant differences, but the diarrhea rate of pigs fed 2% OH was significantly decreased. We conclude that weaned piglets fed diets formulated with different fiber sources have different effects on pig performance. 2% OH diet performed better than other treatments.
引文
[1]Le Bellego L,Milgen Jv,Noblet J.Effect of high temperature and low-protein diets onthe performance of growing-finishing pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2002,80:691-701.
[2]Molist F,De Segura Ag,Gasa J.Effects of the insoluble and soluble dietary fibre on the physicochemical properties of digesta and the microbial activity in early weaned piglets[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2009,149:346-353.
[3]Mateos Gg,Martin F,Latorre Ma,et al.Inclusion of oat hulls in diets for youngpigs based on cooked maize or cooked rice[J].Animal Science,2006,82:57-63.
[4]李雁冰,张敏,沈桃花.高纤维日粮对仔猪营养性腹泻及生产性能的影响[J].饲料工业,2006,27(5):28-30.
[5]Becker P M,Van Wikselaarp G,Jansman A,et al.Pea dietary fiber for adhesion and excretion of enterotoxigenic E.coli k88 to prevent intestinal colonization[J].Journal of Animal Science,2009,87:172-189.
[6]Kim J C,Hansenc F,Mullanb P,et al.Nutrition and pathology of weaner pigs:nutritional strategies to support barrier function in the gastrointestinal tract[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2012,173:3-16.
[7]于藏游.不同纤维原料非淀粉多糖组分的测定及其对断奶仔猪生长性能、消化率和粪中菌群的影响[M].北京:中国农业大学,2016.
[8]NRC.Nutrient Requirement of Swine[C].11th ed.Natl.Acad.Press,Washington,D.C.,2012.
[9]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.饲料水分和其它挥发性物质的测定:GB/T 6435-2006[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007-03-01.
[10]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.饲料中粗蛋白的测定方法:GB/T 6432-1994[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1995-01-01.
[11]中华人名共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.饲料中钙的测定:GB/T 6436-2002[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002-07-01.
[12]中华人名共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.饲料中总磷的测定:GB/T 6437-2002[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002-07-01.
[13]中华人民共和国国家技术监督局.饲料中中性洗涤纤维的测定方法:GB/T 20806-2006[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007-03-01.
[14]中华人民共和国农业部.饲料中酸性洗涤纤维的测定方法:NY/T 1459-2007[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008-03-01.
[15]Moxham G.The waltham faeces scoring system-a tool for veterinarians and pet owners:how does your pet rate[J].Waltham focus,2011,11:24-25.
[16]Freire J,Guerreiro A,Cunha L F.Effect of dietary fibre source on total tract digestibility,caecum volatile fatty acids and digestive transit time in the weaned piglet[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2000,87:71-83.
[17]Hogberg A,J.E.Lindberg.Influence of cereal non-starch polysaccharides and enzyme supplementation on digestion site and gut environment in weaned piglets[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2004,116:113-128.
[18]Jeaurond E A,Rademacherm,Pluske J R,et al.Impact of feeding fermentable proteins and carbohydrates on growth performance,gut health and gastrointestinal function of newly weaned pigs[J].Canadian Journal of Animal Science,2008,88:271-281.
[19]Schedle K,Plitznerc,Ettlet,et al.Effects of insoluble dietary fibre differing in lignin on performance,gut microbiology,and digestibility in weanling piglets[J].Archives of Animal Nutrition,2008,62:141-151.
[20]Chen H,Wang W,Degrootej,et al.Arabinoxylan in wheat is more responsible than cellulose for promoting intestinal barrier function in weaned male piglets[J].Journal of Nutrition,2015,145:51-58.
[21]Gerritsen R,Van Der Aar P,Molist Ff.Insoluble nonstarch polysaccharides in diets for weaned piglets[J].Journal of Animal Science,2012,90:318-320.
[22]Hermes Rg,Molist F,Wazaki My,et al.Effect of dietary level of protein and fiber on the productive performance and health status of piglets[J].Journal of Animal Science,2009,87:3569-3577.
[23]乔建国,杨玉芬.日粮纤维对猪营养物质消化率,消化道发育及消化酶活性的影响[J].中国农学通报,2008,23(2):18-21.
[24]马永喜,李德发,谯仕彦.日粮纤维对仔猪日粮养分消化和代谢的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2001,6(5):95-102.
[25]尹佳.不同纤维源对猪生长性能,养分消化率和肉品质的影响[M].雅安:四川农业大学,2012.
[26]Molist F,Van Oostrum M,Perezj F,et al.Relevance of functional properties of dietary fibre in diets for weanling pigs[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2014,189:1-10.
[27]Nielsen T S,L?Rkeh N,Theilp K,et al.Diets high in resistant starch and arabinoxylan modulate digestion processes and scfa pool size in the large intestine and faecal microbial composition in pigs[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2014,112:1837-1849.
[2]Molist F,De Segura Ag,Gasa J.Effects of the insoluble and soluble dietary fibre on the physicochemical properties of digesta and the microbial activity in early weaned piglets[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2009,149:346-353.
[3]Mateos Gg,Martin F,Latorre Ma,et al.Inclusion of oat hulls in diets for youngpigs based on cooked maize or cooked rice[J].Animal Science,2006,82:57-63.
[4]李雁冰,张敏,沈桃花.高纤维日粮对仔猪营养性腹泻及生产性能的影响[J].饲料工业,2006,27(5):28-30.
[5]Becker P M,Van Wikselaarp G,Jansman A,et al.Pea dietary fiber for adhesion and excretion of enterotoxigenic E.coli k88 to prevent intestinal colonization[J].Journal of Animal Science,2009,87:172-189.
[6]Kim J C,Hansenc F,Mullanb P,et al.Nutrition and pathology of weaner pigs:nutritional strategies to support barrier function in the gastrointestinal tract[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2012,173:3-16.
[7]于藏游.不同纤维原料非淀粉多糖组分的测定及其对断奶仔猪生长性能、消化率和粪中菌群的影响[M].北京:中国农业大学,2016.
[8]NRC.Nutrient Requirement of Swine[C].11th ed.Natl.Acad.Press,Washington,D.C.,2012.
[9]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.饲料水分和其它挥发性物质的测定:GB/T 6435-2006[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007-03-01.
[10]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.饲料中粗蛋白的测定方法:GB/T 6432-1994[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1995-01-01.
[11]中华人名共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.饲料中钙的测定:GB/T 6436-2002[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002-07-01.
[12]中华人名共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.饲料中总磷的测定:GB/T 6437-2002[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002-07-01.
[13]中华人民共和国国家技术监督局.饲料中中性洗涤纤维的测定方法:GB/T 20806-2006[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007-03-01.
[14]中华人民共和国农业部.饲料中酸性洗涤纤维的测定方法:NY/T 1459-2007[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008-03-01.
[15]Moxham G.The waltham faeces scoring system-a tool for veterinarians and pet owners:how does your pet rate[J].Waltham focus,2011,11:24-25.
[16]Freire J,Guerreiro A,Cunha L F.Effect of dietary fibre source on total tract digestibility,caecum volatile fatty acids and digestive transit time in the weaned piglet[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2000,87:71-83.
[17]Hogberg A,J.E.Lindberg.Influence of cereal non-starch polysaccharides and enzyme supplementation on digestion site and gut environment in weaned piglets[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2004,116:113-128.
[18]Jeaurond E A,Rademacherm,Pluske J R,et al.Impact of feeding fermentable proteins and carbohydrates on growth performance,gut health and gastrointestinal function of newly weaned pigs[J].Canadian Journal of Animal Science,2008,88:271-281.
[19]Schedle K,Plitznerc,Ettlet,et al.Effects of insoluble dietary fibre differing in lignin on performance,gut microbiology,and digestibility in weanling piglets[J].Archives of Animal Nutrition,2008,62:141-151.
[20]Chen H,Wang W,Degrootej,et al.Arabinoxylan in wheat is more responsible than cellulose for promoting intestinal barrier function in weaned male piglets[J].Journal of Nutrition,2015,145:51-58.
[21]Gerritsen R,Van Der Aar P,Molist Ff.Insoluble nonstarch polysaccharides in diets for weaned piglets[J].Journal of Animal Science,2012,90:318-320.
[22]Hermes Rg,Molist F,Wazaki My,et al.Effect of dietary level of protein and fiber on the productive performance and health status of piglets[J].Journal of Animal Science,2009,87:3569-3577.
[23]乔建国,杨玉芬.日粮纤维对猪营养物质消化率,消化道发育及消化酶活性的影响[J].中国农学通报,2008,23(2):18-21.
[24]马永喜,李德发,谯仕彦.日粮纤维对仔猪日粮养分消化和代谢的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2001,6(5):95-102.
[25]尹佳.不同纤维源对猪生长性能,养分消化率和肉品质的影响[M].雅安:四川农业大学,2012.
[26]Molist F,Van Oostrum M,Perezj F,et al.Relevance of functional properties of dietary fibre in diets for weanling pigs[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2014,189:1-10.
[27]Nielsen T S,L?Rkeh N,Theilp K,et al.Diets high in resistant starch and arabinoxylan modulate digestion processes and scfa pool size in the large intestine and faecal microbial composition in pigs[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2014,112:1837-1849.