高丹草主要株型性状遗传分析
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摘要
本研究将高粱和苏丹草进行杂交,得到F2代分离群体,根据主基因-多基因分离分析方法,得出各性状最优模型,并计算主基因遗传率。结果表明:开花期的最适遗传模型为Model B_1,为加性-显性-上位性混合遗传模型,受2对主基因控制,主基因遗传率为62.25%;株高的最优模型为Model A_4,为1对主基因控制的负向完全显性模型,主基因遗传率为41.01%;茎粗的最适模型为ModelA_0,说明该性状不受主基因控制,为受微效多基因控制的性状;穗柄长和平均茎节长均符合B_6模型(等显性混合遗传模型),受2对主基因控制,主基因遗传率分别为49.19%和53.44%。在这5个性状中,开花期、穗柄长、平均茎节长的广义遗传率均较高,表明该性状不易受环境影响,在后代可稳定遗传,可以在育种早代进行选择,而株高的遗传率相对较低,表明该性状受环境因素影响较大,在后代中不易稳定遗传,可以考虑在高代中进行选择。通过对高丹草主要株型性状进行数量遗传分析,探索其遗传规律,为高丹草株型育种提供参考。
In this study, Sorghum bicolor and Sorghum sudanense were hybridized to obtain the F2 generation segregation population. According to the main gene-multi-gene separation analysis method, the optimal model of each trait was obtained, and the genetic rate of the main gene was calculated. The results showed that the optimal genetic model of flowering stage was Model B_1, which was an additive-dominant-epistatic mixed genetic model. It was controlled by two pairs of main genes, and the main gene heritability was 62.25%. The optimal model of plant height was Model A_4, a negative full-dominant model controlled by a pair of major genes, and the major gene heritability was 41.01%. The optimal model for stem diameter was Model A_0, indicating the trait was outside the control of main genes, and controlled by minor genes. The stalk length and average stem length were consistent with Model B_6, which was a co-dominant mixed genetic model, controlled by 2 pairs of main genes, and the main genetic heritability were 49.19% and 53.44%, respectively. Among these 5 traits, the generalized heritability of flowering stage, stalk length and average stem length were higher, indicating that the trait was not easily affected by the environment and was stable in the inheritance of the offspring, which could be selected in the early generation of breeding. The heritability of plant length was relatively low, indicating that the trait was greatly affected by environmental factors and was not easy to stably inherit the offspring, which could be considered to be selected in high generation. Through the quantitative genetic analysis of the main plant type traits of Sorghum bicolor×Sorghum sudanenes, the genetic law was explored, which could provide reference for the breeding of Sorghum bicolor ×Sorghum sudanenes plant type.
In this study, Sorghum bicolor and Sorghum sudanense were hybridized to obtain the F2 generation segregation population. According to the main gene-multi-gene separation analysis method, the optimal model of each trait was obtained, and the genetic rate of the main gene was calculated. The results showed that the optimal genetic model of flowering stage was Model B_1, which was an additive-dominant-epistatic mixed genetic model. It was controlled by two pairs of main genes, and the main gene heritability was 62.25%. The optimal model of plant height was Model A_4, a negative full-dominant model controlled by a pair of major genes, and the major gene heritability was 41.01%. The optimal model for stem diameter was Model A_0, indicating the trait was outside the control of main genes, and controlled by minor genes. The stalk length and average stem length were consistent with Model B_6, which was a co-dominant mixed genetic model, controlled by 2 pairs of main genes, and the main genetic heritability were 49.19% and 53.44%, respectively. Among these 5 traits, the generalized heritability of flowering stage, stalk length and average stem length were higher, indicating that the trait was not easily affected by the environment and was stable in the inheritance of the offspring, which could be selected in the early generation of breeding. The heritability of plant length was relatively low, indicating that the trait was greatly affected by environmental factors and was not easy to stably inherit the offspring, which could be considered to be selected in high generation. Through the quantitative genetic analysis of the main plant type traits of Sorghum bicolor×Sorghum sudanenes, the genetic law was explored, which could provide reference for the breeding of Sorghum bicolor ×Sorghum sudanenes plant type.
引文
Antonopou lou G.,Gavala H.N.,Skiadas I.V.,Angelopoulos K.,and Lyberatos G.,2008,Biofuels generationfrom sweet sorghum:fermentative hydrogen production and anaerobicdigestion of the remaing biomass,Bioresour.Technol.,99(1):110-119
Donald C.M.,1968,The breeding of crop ideotypes,Euphytiea,17:385-403
Du X.P.,Yan Y.Y.,Liu W.H.,Gao A.N.,Zhang J.P.,Li X.Q.,Yang X.M.,Che Y.H.,and Guo X.M.,2011,Genetic analysis on several important agronomic traits in F2generation of Mazhamai×Quality,Mailei Zuowu Xuebao(Journal of Triticeae Crops),31(4):624-629(杜希朋,闫媛媛,刘伟华,高爱农,张锦鹏,李秀全,杨欣明,车永和,郭小敏,2011,蚂蚱麦×碧玉麦杂交F2代部分重要农艺性状的遗传分析,麦类作物学报,31(4):624-629)
Geng B.R.,1994,Studies on some hereditary properties of sudangrass(Sorghum sudanense),Zhongguo Caodi(Grassland of China),(3):58-61(耿本仁,1994,苏丹草主要性状遗传的初步研究,中国草地,(3):58-61)
Gai J.Y.,and Wang J.K.,1998,Identification of major gene and polygene mixed inheritance model from backcrosses or F2:3families,Zuowu Xuebao(Acta Agronomica Sinica),24(4):402-409(盖钧镒,王建康,1998,利用回交或F2:3家系世代鉴定数量性状主基因-多基因混合遗传模型,作物学报,24(4):402-409)
Gai J.Y,Zhang Y.M.,and Wang J.K.,2000,A joint analysis of multiple generations for QTL models extended to mixed two major genes plus polygene,Zuowu Xuebao(Acta Agronomica Sinica),26(4):385-391(盖钧镒,章元明,王建康,2000,QTL混合遗传模型扩展至2对主基因+多基因时的多世代联合分析,作物学报,26(4):385-391)
Gai J.Y.,2005,Segrion analysis of genetic system of quantitative traits in plants,Yichuan(Hereditas),27(1):130-136(盖钧镒,2005,植物数量性状遗传体系的分离分析方法研究,遗传,27(1):130-136)
Ke M.,Zhu H.,Liang W.W.,Li X.S.,and Ren Y.P.,2016,Grey correlation analysis of main agronomic characters and its yield and quality traits in Sorghum sudanense,Caoye Kexue(Pratacultural Science),33(5):949-955(柯梅,朱昊,梁维维,李学森,任玉平,2016,苏丹草农艺性状与产量、品质间的灰色关联度分析,草业科学,33(5):949-955)
Lu B.,Feng H.,Wang W.H.,and Liu N.,2008,Major-gene plus polygene heritability model analysis of main plant-type parameters on tomato,Shenyang Nongye Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University),39(3):351-353(鲁博,冯辉,王五宏,刘娜,2008,番茄主要株型参数主基因-多基因混合模型分析,沈阳农业大学学报,39(3):351-353)
Liu K.,Zhang X.M.,Sun G.Y.,Yan P.S.,Guo H.P.,Chen S.Y.,Xue Y.D.,Guo Z.Y.,Xie H.L.,Tang J.H.,and Li W.H.,2018,Genome-wide association studies of plant type traits in maize,Zhongguo Nongye Kexue(Science Agricultura S-inica),51(5):821-834(刘坤,张雪梅,孙高阳,闫鹏帅,郭海平,陈思远,薛亚东,郭战勇,谢惠玲,汤继华,李卫华,2018,玉米株型相关性状的全基因组关联分析,中国农业科学,51(5):821-834)
Li Y.L.,Bai X.Q.,Yu P.P.,Gao J.M.,Pei Z.Y.,Luo F.,and Sun S.J.,2018,Quantitative genetic analysis of Sorghum plant type characters,Huabei Nongxuebao(Acta Agriculturae B-oreali-Sinica),3(1):143-149(李延玲,白晓倩,于澎湃,高建明,裴忠有,罗峰,孙守钧,2018,高粱株型性状数量遗传分析,华北农学报,3(1):143-149)
Li X.F.,Zhu H.F.,Zhu Y.Y.,Hou R.X.,and Zhai W.,2016,Inheritance of major gene plus polygene underlying bolting and flowering traits in pak-choi,Henonxgue bao(Journal of Nuclear Agriculture Sciences),30(12):2318-2325(李晓锋,朱红芳,朱玉英,侯瑞贤,翟文,2016,不结球白菜抽薹开花性状的主基因+多基因遗传分析,核农学报,30(12):2318-2325)
Wang J.K.,and Gai J.Y.,1998,Identification of major gene and polygene mixed inheritance model of quantitative traits by using joint analysis of P1,F1,P2,F2and F2:3generations,Zuowu Xuebao(Acta Agronomica Sinica),24(6):651-659(王建康,盖钧镒,1998,数量性状主-多基因混合遗传的P1、P2、F1、F2和F2:3联合分析方法,作物学报,24(6):651-659)
Wang J.K.,and Gai J.Y.,1997,Identification of major gene and polygene mixed inheritance model and estimation of genetic parameter of a quantitative trait from F2progeny,Yichuan Xuebao(Acta Genetica Sinica),24(5):432-440(王建康,盖钧镒,1997,利用杂种F2世代鉴定数量性状主基因-多基因混合遗传模型并估计其遗传效应,遗传学报,24(5):432-440)
Wang Y.W.,Cao Z.Z.,Han J.G.,Chen X.J.,and Hao K.,2005,Evaluation and cluster analysis on forage and seed performances of n ine Sorghum sudanense varieties,Caoye Xuebao(Acta Prataculturae Sinica),14(5):117-123(王赟文,曹致中,韩建国,陈晓军,郝凯,2005,9个苏丹草品种生产性能的评价与聚类分析,草业学报,14(5):117-123)
Xu Y.P.,Wu Z.X.,and Zhao Z.X.,2003,The adaptability and the developing foreground of Sudan grass in the produce of agriculture and animal husbandry in China,Caoye Kexue(Pratacultural Science),20(7):23-25(徐玉鹏,武之新,赵忠祥,2003,苏丹草的适应性及在我国农牧业生产中的发展前景,草业科学,20(7):23-25)
Yang X.C.,Zhan Q.W.,Liu Y.L.,Li J.Q.,and Lin P.,2016,Discrimination analysis and cluster analysis of Sorghum sudanense and S.bicolor,Zhongguo Caodi Xuebao(Chinese Journal of Grassland),38(1):41-46(杨小翠,詹秋文,刘言龙,李杰勤,林平,2016,苏丹草与高粱的判别分析和聚类分析,中国草地学报,38(1):41-46)
Yao J.B.,Ren L.J.,Zhang P.P.,Yang X.M.,Ma H.X.,Yao G.C.,Zhang P.,and Zhou M.P.,2011,Genetic and correlation analysis of plant height and its components in wheat,Mailei Zuowu Xuebao(Journal of Triticeae Crops),31(4):604-610(姚金保,任丽娟,张平平,杨学明,马鸿翔,姚国才,张鹏,周淼平,2011,小麦株高及其构成因素的遗传及相关性分析,麦类作物学报,31(4):604-610)
Zhao Y.L.,Dolat A.,Steinberger Y.,Wang X.,Osman A.,and Xie G.H.,2009,Biomass yield and changes in chemical composition of sweet sorghum cultivars grown for biofuel,Field Crops Res.,111(1-2):55-64
Zhang Y.H.,Lu X.P.,Yin L.,Guo J.,Li M.N.,and LüQ.,2007,Multi-genetic analysis of quantitative characters of Sorghusudan,Neimenggu Nongye Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University),28(4):18-21(张雅慧,逯晓萍,尹利,郭键,李美娜,吕琦,2007,高丹草数量性状的多元遗传分析,内蒙古农业大学学报,28(4):18-21)
Zhan Q.W.,Lin P.,Li D.,Li J.Q.,Zhao Q.W.,Zu M.,Dong M.R.,and Liu M.,2010,Genetic analysis of main agronomic characters of Sorghum bicolor×Sorghum sudanense,Nanjing Nongye Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Nanjing Agricultural U-niversity),33(3):26-30(詹秋文,林平,李娣,李杰勤,赵庆伍,祖敏,董美荣,刘敏,2010,高丹草重要农艺性状的遗传分析,南京农业大学学报,33(3):26-30)
Donald C.M.,1968,The breeding of crop ideotypes,Euphytiea,17:385-403
Du X.P.,Yan Y.Y.,Liu W.H.,Gao A.N.,Zhang J.P.,Li X.Q.,Yang X.M.,Che Y.H.,and Guo X.M.,2011,Genetic analysis on several important agronomic traits in F2generation of Mazhamai×Quality,Mailei Zuowu Xuebao(Journal of Triticeae Crops),31(4):624-629(杜希朋,闫媛媛,刘伟华,高爱农,张锦鹏,李秀全,杨欣明,车永和,郭小敏,2011,蚂蚱麦×碧玉麦杂交F2代部分重要农艺性状的遗传分析,麦类作物学报,31(4):624-629)
Geng B.R.,1994,Studies on some hereditary properties of sudangrass(Sorghum sudanense),Zhongguo Caodi(Grassland of China),(3):58-61(耿本仁,1994,苏丹草主要性状遗传的初步研究,中国草地,(3):58-61)
Gai J.Y.,and Wang J.K.,1998,Identification of major gene and polygene mixed inheritance model from backcrosses or F2:3families,Zuowu Xuebao(Acta Agronomica Sinica),24(4):402-409(盖钧镒,王建康,1998,利用回交或F2:3家系世代鉴定数量性状主基因-多基因混合遗传模型,作物学报,24(4):402-409)
Gai J.Y,Zhang Y.M.,and Wang J.K.,2000,A joint analysis of multiple generations for QTL models extended to mixed two major genes plus polygene,Zuowu Xuebao(Acta Agronomica Sinica),26(4):385-391(盖钧镒,章元明,王建康,2000,QTL混合遗传模型扩展至2对主基因+多基因时的多世代联合分析,作物学报,26(4):385-391)
Gai J.Y.,2005,Segrion analysis of genetic system of quantitative traits in plants,Yichuan(Hereditas),27(1):130-136(盖钧镒,2005,植物数量性状遗传体系的分离分析方法研究,遗传,27(1):130-136)
Ke M.,Zhu H.,Liang W.W.,Li X.S.,and Ren Y.P.,2016,Grey correlation analysis of main agronomic characters and its yield and quality traits in Sorghum sudanense,Caoye Kexue(Pratacultural Science),33(5):949-955(柯梅,朱昊,梁维维,李学森,任玉平,2016,苏丹草农艺性状与产量、品质间的灰色关联度分析,草业科学,33(5):949-955)
Lu B.,Feng H.,Wang W.H.,and Liu N.,2008,Major-gene plus polygene heritability model analysis of main plant-type parameters on tomato,Shenyang Nongye Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University),39(3):351-353(鲁博,冯辉,王五宏,刘娜,2008,番茄主要株型参数主基因-多基因混合模型分析,沈阳农业大学学报,39(3):351-353)
Liu K.,Zhang X.M.,Sun G.Y.,Yan P.S.,Guo H.P.,Chen S.Y.,Xue Y.D.,Guo Z.Y.,Xie H.L.,Tang J.H.,and Li W.H.,2018,Genome-wide association studies of plant type traits in maize,Zhongguo Nongye Kexue(Science Agricultura S-inica),51(5):821-834(刘坤,张雪梅,孙高阳,闫鹏帅,郭海平,陈思远,薛亚东,郭战勇,谢惠玲,汤继华,李卫华,2018,玉米株型相关性状的全基因组关联分析,中国农业科学,51(5):821-834)
Li Y.L.,Bai X.Q.,Yu P.P.,Gao J.M.,Pei Z.Y.,Luo F.,and Sun S.J.,2018,Quantitative genetic analysis of Sorghum plant type characters,Huabei Nongxuebao(Acta Agriculturae B-oreali-Sinica),3(1):143-149(李延玲,白晓倩,于澎湃,高建明,裴忠有,罗峰,孙守钧,2018,高粱株型性状数量遗传分析,华北农学报,3(1):143-149)
Li X.F.,Zhu H.F.,Zhu Y.Y.,Hou R.X.,and Zhai W.,2016,Inheritance of major gene plus polygene underlying bolting and flowering traits in pak-choi,Henonxgue bao(Journal of Nuclear Agriculture Sciences),30(12):2318-2325(李晓锋,朱红芳,朱玉英,侯瑞贤,翟文,2016,不结球白菜抽薹开花性状的主基因+多基因遗传分析,核农学报,30(12):2318-2325)
Wang J.K.,and Gai J.Y.,1998,Identification of major gene and polygene mixed inheritance model of quantitative traits by using joint analysis of P1,F1,P2,F2and F2:3generations,Zuowu Xuebao(Acta Agronomica Sinica),24(6):651-659(王建康,盖钧镒,1998,数量性状主-多基因混合遗传的P1、P2、F1、F2和F2:3联合分析方法,作物学报,24(6):651-659)
Wang J.K.,and Gai J.Y.,1997,Identification of major gene and polygene mixed inheritance model and estimation of genetic parameter of a quantitative trait from F2progeny,Yichuan Xuebao(Acta Genetica Sinica),24(5):432-440(王建康,盖钧镒,1997,利用杂种F2世代鉴定数量性状主基因-多基因混合遗传模型并估计其遗传效应,遗传学报,24(5):432-440)
Wang Y.W.,Cao Z.Z.,Han J.G.,Chen X.J.,and Hao K.,2005,Evaluation and cluster analysis on forage and seed performances of n ine Sorghum sudanense varieties,Caoye Xuebao(Acta Prataculturae Sinica),14(5):117-123(王赟文,曹致中,韩建国,陈晓军,郝凯,2005,9个苏丹草品种生产性能的评价与聚类分析,草业学报,14(5):117-123)
Xu Y.P.,Wu Z.X.,and Zhao Z.X.,2003,The adaptability and the developing foreground of Sudan grass in the produce of agriculture and animal husbandry in China,Caoye Kexue(Pratacultural Science),20(7):23-25(徐玉鹏,武之新,赵忠祥,2003,苏丹草的适应性及在我国农牧业生产中的发展前景,草业科学,20(7):23-25)
Yang X.C.,Zhan Q.W.,Liu Y.L.,Li J.Q.,and Lin P.,2016,Discrimination analysis and cluster analysis of Sorghum sudanense and S.bicolor,Zhongguo Caodi Xuebao(Chinese Journal of Grassland),38(1):41-46(杨小翠,詹秋文,刘言龙,李杰勤,林平,2016,苏丹草与高粱的判别分析和聚类分析,中国草地学报,38(1):41-46)
Yao J.B.,Ren L.J.,Zhang P.P.,Yang X.M.,Ma H.X.,Yao G.C.,Zhang P.,and Zhou M.P.,2011,Genetic and correlation analysis of plant height and its components in wheat,Mailei Zuowu Xuebao(Journal of Triticeae Crops),31(4):604-610(姚金保,任丽娟,张平平,杨学明,马鸿翔,姚国才,张鹏,周淼平,2011,小麦株高及其构成因素的遗传及相关性分析,麦类作物学报,31(4):604-610)
Zhao Y.L.,Dolat A.,Steinberger Y.,Wang X.,Osman A.,and Xie G.H.,2009,Biomass yield and changes in chemical composition of sweet sorghum cultivars grown for biofuel,Field Crops Res.,111(1-2):55-64
Zhang Y.H.,Lu X.P.,Yin L.,Guo J.,Li M.N.,and LüQ.,2007,Multi-genetic analysis of quantitative characters of Sorghusudan,Neimenggu Nongye Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University),28(4):18-21(张雅慧,逯晓萍,尹利,郭键,李美娜,吕琦,2007,高丹草数量性状的多元遗传分析,内蒙古农业大学学报,28(4):18-21)
Zhan Q.W.,Lin P.,Li D.,Li J.Q.,Zhao Q.W.,Zu M.,Dong M.R.,and Liu M.,2010,Genetic analysis of main agronomic characters of Sorghum bicolor×Sorghum sudanense,Nanjing Nongye Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Nanjing Agricultural U-niversity),33(3):26-30(詹秋文,林平,李娣,李杰勤,赵庆伍,祖敏,董美荣,刘敏,2010,高丹草重要农艺性状的遗传分析,南京农业大学学报,33(3):26-30)