混合制冷剂R134a/R1234yf(R513A)与R134a热力学性能对比及实验
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摘要
R513A是由R134a/R1234yf(质量分数比为56∶44)组成的新型环保制冷剂,其全球变暖潜能(GWP)值低,不可燃。选择混合制冷剂R513A作为研究对象,在原R134a家用电冰箱中进行制冷剂的替代实验研究。实验依据标准BS EN ISO 15502—2005中规定的工况进行,主要从降温时间、耗电量和冷冻能力三方面对R513A在电冰箱中的性能进行评估并与R134a进行对比。实验结果表明:最佳充注量下,R513A降温时间相比R134a降低21%;24h耗电量实验中相比R134a,R513A系统耗电量降低了3.5%,系统稳定运行时R513A的启停率小于R134a;冷冻能力实验中,同一工况下M包达到相同设定温度,R513A比R134a用时少约42.3min。此外在系统稳定运行时,R513A的系统排气温度低于R134a,其他参数和R134a很接近。通过对比实验可知,在未对原冰箱系统进行任何改动的情况下,R513A可以作为R134a的替代制冷剂直接充注到系统中使用。
R513 A(R134 a/R1234 yf, 56/44% weight) is a new kind of environment friendly alternative blend refrigerant based on R1234 yf and R134 a with low GWP, which is non-flammable. The new refrigerant R513 A was selected as a substitute for R134 a in a domestic refrigerator, and the experiment was carried out according to standard BS EN ISO 15502-2005. The performance of R513 A and R134 a in refrigerators was studied through three kinds of aspects, namely, pull down time, energy consumption, and freezing capacity. The experimental results showed that the cooling time of R513 A under the optimal charge was 21% lower than that of R134 a. In the 24 h test, the 24 h energy consumption of R513 A is 3.5%lower than that of R134 a, and the percentage running time ratio of R513 A is lower than that of R134 a.During the freezing test, the time taken for the M-packages to reach the same temperature, under the same condition, R513 A saved 43.2 min compared to that of R134 a. In addition, the exhaust temperature of R513 A was lower than that of R134 a, and the other parameters were close to R134 a. From the experimental results, it can be concluded that R513 A can directly replace R134 a without any changes to the original refrigerator system.
R513 A(R134 a/R1234 yf, 56/44% weight) is a new kind of environment friendly alternative blend refrigerant based on R1234 yf and R134 a with low GWP, which is non-flammable. The new refrigerant R513 A was selected as a substitute for R134 a in a domestic refrigerator, and the experiment was carried out according to standard BS EN ISO 15502-2005. The performance of R513 A and R134 a in refrigerators was studied through three kinds of aspects, namely, pull down time, energy consumption, and freezing capacity. The experimental results showed that the cooling time of R513 A under the optimal charge was 21% lower than that of R134 a. In the 24 h test, the 24 h energy consumption of R513 A is 3.5%lower than that of R134 a, and the percentage running time ratio of R513 A is lower than that of R134 a.During the freezing test, the time taken for the M-packages to reach the same temperature, under the same condition, R513 A saved 43.2 min compared to that of R134 a. In addition, the exhaust temperature of R513 A was lower than that of R134 a, and the other parameters were close to R134 a. From the experimental results, it can be concluded that R513 A can directly replace R134 a without any changes to the original refrigerator system.
引文
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[19]MENDOZA-MIRANDA J M,MOTA-BABILONI A,NAVARRO-ESBRI J.Evaluation of R448A and R450A as low-GWP alternatives for R404A and R134a using a micro-fin tube evaporator model[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2016,98:330-339.
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[25]霍二光,戴源德,耿平,等.R1234ze与R152a混合制冷剂替代R22的可行性[J].化工学报,2015,66(12):4725-4729.HUO E G,DAI Y D,GENG P,et al.Feasibility of using R1234ze and R152a mixture as alternative for R22[J].CIESC Journal,2015,66(12):4725-4729.
[2]The European Parliament and the Council of the European Union.Regulation(EU)No 517/2014 of the European parliament and the council of 16 April 2014 on fluorinated greenhouse gases and repealing regulation(EC)No 842/2006 text with EEA relevance[J].Official J.Eur.Union,2014,57(L 150):195-230.
[3]陈敬良,史琳,李红旗,等.由制冷剂替代谈起[J].制冷与空调,2017,17(9):1-5.CHEN J L,SHI L,LI H Q,et al.Reflection on refrigerant substitution[J].Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning,2017,17(9):1-5.
[4]MCLINDEN M O,BROWN J S,BRIGNOLI R,等.低GWP值制冷剂的有限选择[J].暖通空调,2017,47(8):41-50.MCLINDEN M O,BROWN J S,BRIGNOLI R,et al.Limited option for low-global-warming-potential refrigerants[J].Journal of HV&AC,2017,47(8):41-50.
[5]GRAZIOSI F,ARDUINI J,FURLANI F,et al.European emissions of the powerful greenhouse gases hydrofluorocarbons inferred from atmospheric measurements and their comparison with annual national reports to UNFCCC[J].Atmospheric Environment,2017,158:85-97.
[6]Proposal for a council decision on the conclusion of the agreement to amend the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer adopted in Kigali.Brussels,Belgium European Commission[Z].2017.
[7]MOTA-BABILONI A,NAVARRO-ESBRI J,BARRAGAN-CERVERA A,et al.Analysis based on EU regulation No 517/2014 of new HFC/HFO mixtures as alternatives of high GWP refrigerants in refrigeration and HVAC systems[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2015,52:21-31.
[8]张朝晖,陈敬良,高钰,等.制冷空调行业制冷剂替代进程解析[J].制冷与空调,2015,15(1):1-8.ZHANG Z H,CHEN J L,GAO Yet al.Process of refrigerant substitution in R&AC industry[J].Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning,2015,15(1):1-8.
[9]WANG X D,AMRANE K.AHRI low global warming potential alternative refrigerants evaluation program(low-GWP AREP)-summary of phase I testing results[J].Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers,2014,45(3):996-1000.
[10]NAVARRO-ESBRI J,MENDOZA-MIRANDA J M,MOTA-BABILONI A,et al.Experimental analysis of R1234yf as a drop-in replacement for R134a in a vapor compression system[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2013,36(3):870-880.
[11]MOTA-BABILONI A,NAVARRO-ESBRI J,BARRAGAN A,et al.Drop-in energy performance evaluation of R1234yf and R1234ze(E)in a vapor compression system as R134a replacements[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2014,71(1):259-265.
[12]SANCHEZ D,CABELLO R,LLOPIS R,et al.Energy performance evaluation of R1234yf,R1234ze(E),R600a,R290 and R152a as lowGWP R134a alternatives[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2016,74:269-282.
[13]BELMAN-FLORES J M,RODRIGUEZ-MUNOZ A P,PEREZ-REGUERA C G,et al.Experimental study of R1234yf as a drop-in replacement for R134a in a domestic refrigerator[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2017,81:1-11.
[14]VAGHELA J K.Comparative evaluation of an automobile airconditioning system using R134a and its alternative refrigerants[J].Energy Procedia,2017,109:153-160.
[15]DAVIRAN S,KASAEIAN A,GOLZARI S,et al.A comparative study on the performance of HFO-1234yf and HFC-134a as an alternative in automotive air conditioning systems[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2017,110:1091-1100.
[16]DEVECIO?LU A G,ORUC V.Characteristics of some new generation refrigerants with low GWP[J].Energy Procedia,2015,75:1452-1457.
[17]MAKHNATCH P,MOTA-BABILONI A,KHODABANDEH R,et al.Experimental study of R450A drop-in performance in an R134a small capacity refrigeration unit[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2017,84:26-35.
[18]孟照峰,张华,秦延斌,等.R1234yf/R134a混合物在汽车空调中替代R134a的实验研究[J].化工学报,2018,69(2):2396-2403.MENG Z F,ZHANG H,QIN Y B,et al.Experimental study on R1234yf/R134a mixture as alternative to R134a in automobile air conditioner[J].CIESC Journal,2018,69(2):2396-2403.
[19]MENDOZA-MIRANDA J M,MOTA-BABILONI A,NAVARRO-ESBRI J.Evaluation of R448A and R450A as low-GWP alternatives for R404A and R134a using a micro-fin tube evaporator model[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2016,98:330-339.
[20]SHAPIRO D.Drop-in testing of next-generation R134a alternates in a commercial bottle cooler/freezer[C]//International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue,Purdue.2012.
[21]MOTA-BABILONI A,MAKHNATCH P,KHODABANDEH R,et al.Experimental assessment of R134a and its lower GWP alternative R513A[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2017,74:682-688.
[22]RIGHETTI G,ZILIO C,LONGO G A.Comparative performance analysis of the low GWP refrigerants HFO1234yf,HFO1234ze(E)and HC600a inside a roll-bond evaporator[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2015,54:1-9.
[23]APREA C,GRECO A,MAIORINO A.An experimental investigation on the substitution of HFC134a with HFO1234yf in a domestic refrigerator[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2016,106:959-967.
[24]APREA C,GRECO A,MAIORINO A.An experimental investigation of the energetic performances of HFO1234yf and its binary mixtures with HFC134a in a household refrigerator[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2017,76:109-117.
[25]霍二光,戴源德,耿平,等.R1234ze与R152a混合制冷剂替代R22的可行性[J].化工学报,2015,66(12):4725-4729.HUO E G,DAI Y D,GENG P,et al.Feasibility of using R1234ze and R152a mixture as alternative for R22[J].CIESC Journal,2015,66(12):4725-4729.