Attribution of the Langshan Tectonic Belt: Evidence from zircon U-Pb ages and Hf isotope compositions
|
摘要
This study describes a previously unidentified Neoproterozoic mafic dyke emplaced in the northern flank of the Langshan Tectonic Belt. This dyke intruded into the micaquartz schist of the Zhaertaishan Group, and yielded an age of 908 ± 8 Ma. The youngest U-Pb ages of micaquartz schist from the Zhaertaishan Group in the Langshan area were 1118 ± 33 Ma,1187 ± 3 Ma and 1189 ± 39 Ma,suggesting that the depositional age of the protolith of the schist was between 908 ± 8 Ma and 1118 ± 33 Ma. In addition, 436 U-Pb age data and 155 Lu-Hf isotopic data from six samples in the Langshan Tectonic Belt and one Permian greywacke from the Wuhai area show distinct differences between the northern and southern flanks of the Main Langshan area. The U-Pb ages of the northern flank are primarily Meso-Neoproterozoic; similar ages have not been identified in the southern flank to date.Moreover, two-stage Hf model ages of the northern flank feature three age peaks at ～900 Ma,～1700 Ma and ～2600 Ma; this differs from Hf model ages of the southern flank, which feature one strong age peak at ～2700 Ma. These results suggest that the northern and southern flanks of the Main Langshan area have different geochronologic characteristics and should be divided further. Based on the U-Pb ages and Hf model ages, the northern and southern flanks of the Main Langshan area are named the North and South Langshan Tectonic Belts. Comparison of the U-Pb age and two-stage Hf model age distributions from the North Langshan Tectonic Belt, South Langshan Tectonic Belt, Alxa Block and the North China Craton(NCC) reveal that the North Langshan Tectonic Belt is similar to the Alxa Block and that the South Langshan Tectonic Belt is similar to the NCC. In addition, the zircon U-Pb age of 860 ±7 Ma commonly observed in the Alxa Block was detected in the Permian greywacke from the Wuhai area of the NCC, which suggests that the amalgamation of the North and South Langshan Tectonic belts(i.e.,the amalgamation of the Alxa Block and the NCC), occurred between Devonian and late Permian.
This study describes a previously unidentified Neoproterozoic mafic dyke emplaced in the northern flank of the Langshan Tectonic Belt. This dyke intruded into the micaquartz schist of the Zhaertaishan Group, and yielded an age of 908 ± 8 Ma. The youngest U-Pb ages of micaquartz schist from the Zhaertaishan Group in the Langshan area were 1118 ± 33 Ma,1187 ± 3 Ma and 1189 ± 39 Ma,suggesting that the depositional age of the protolith of the schist was between 908 ± 8 Ma and 1118 ± 33 Ma. In addition, 436 U-Pb age data and 155 Lu-Hf isotopic data from six samples in the Langshan Tectonic Belt and one Permian greywacke from the Wuhai area show distinct differences between the northern and southern flanks of the Main Langshan area. The U-Pb ages of the northern flank are primarily Meso-Neoproterozoic; similar ages have not been identified in the southern flank to date.Moreover, two-stage Hf model ages of the northern flank feature three age peaks at ～900 Ma,～1700 Ma and ～2600 Ma; this differs from Hf model ages of the southern flank, which feature one strong age peak at ～2700 Ma. These results suggest that the northern and southern flanks of the Main Langshan area have different geochronologic characteristics and should be divided further. Based on the U-Pb ages and Hf model ages, the northern and southern flanks of the Main Langshan area are named the North and South Langshan Tectonic Belts. Comparison of the U-Pb age and two-stage Hf model age distributions from the North Langshan Tectonic Belt, South Langshan Tectonic Belt, Alxa Block and the North China Craton(NCC) reveal that the North Langshan Tectonic Belt is similar to the Alxa Block and that the South Langshan Tectonic Belt is similar to the NCC. In addition, the zircon U-Pb age of 860 ±7 Ma commonly observed in the Alxa Block was detected in the Permian greywacke from the Wuhai area of the NCC, which suggests that the amalgamation of the North and South Langshan Tectonic belts(i.e.,the amalgamation of the Alxa Block and the NCC), occurred between Devonian and late Permian.
This study describes a previously unidentified Neoproterozoic mafic dyke emplaced in the northern flank of the Langshan Tectonic Belt. This dyke intruded into the micaquartz schist of the Zhaertaishan Group, and yielded an age of 908 ± 8 Ma. The youngest U-Pb ages of micaquartz schist from the Zhaertaishan Group in the Langshan area were 1118 ± 33 Ma,1187 ± 3 Ma and 1189 ± 39 Ma,suggesting that the depositional age of the protolith of the schist was between 908 ± 8 Ma and 1118 ± 33 Ma. In addition, 436 U-Pb age data and 155 Lu-Hf isotopic data from six samples in the Langshan Tectonic Belt and one Permian greywacke from the Wuhai area show distinct differences between the northern and southern flanks of the Main Langshan area. The U-Pb ages of the northern flank are primarily Meso-Neoproterozoic; similar ages have not been identified in the southern flank to date.Moreover, two-stage Hf model ages of the northern flank feature three age peaks at ～900 Ma,～1700 Ma and ～2600 Ma; this differs from Hf model ages of the southern flank, which feature one strong age peak at ～2700 Ma. These results suggest that the northern and southern flanks of the Main Langshan area have different geochronologic characteristics and should be divided further. Based on the U-Pb ages and Hf model ages, the northern and southern flanks of the Main Langshan area are named the North and South Langshan Tectonic Belts. Comparison of the U-Pb age and two-stage Hf model age distributions from the North Langshan Tectonic Belt, South Langshan Tectonic Belt, Alxa Block and the North China Craton(NCC) reveal that the North Langshan Tectonic Belt is similar to the Alxa Block and that the South Langshan Tectonic Belt is similar to the NCC. In addition, the zircon U-Pb age of 860 ±7 Ma commonly observed in the Alxa Block was detected in the Permian greywacke from the Wuhai area of the NCC, which suggests that the amalgamation of the North and South Langshan Tectonic belts(i.e.,the amalgamation of the Alxa Block and the NCC), occurred between Devonian and late Permian.
引文
Bao, C., Chen, Y.L., Li, D.P., Wang, S.H., 2014. Provenances of the mesozoic sediments in the Ordos basin and implications for collision between the North China craton(NCC)and the South China craton(SCC). Journal of Asian Earth Sciences96, 296-307.
Blichert-Toft, J., Albarede, F., 1997. The Lu-Hf isotope geochemistry of chondrites and the evolution of the mantle-crust system. Earth and Planetary Science Letters148, 243-258.
Chu, N.C., Taylor, R.N., Chavagnac, V., Nesbitt, R.W., Boella, R.M., Milton, J.A.,German, C.R., Bayon, G., Burton, K., 2012. Hf isotopic ratio analysis using multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry:an evaluation of isobaric interference corrections. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 17,1567-1574.
Dan, W., Li, X., Guo, J., Liu, Y., Wang, X., 2012. Integrated in situ zircon U-Pb age and Hf-0 isotopes for the Helanshankhondalites in North China Craton:juvenile crustal materials deposited in active or passive continental margin? Precambrian Research 222-223,143-158.
Dan, W., Li, X.H., Wang, Q., Wang, X.C., Liu, Y., 2014. Neoproterozoic S-type granites in the ALXA block, westernmost North China and tectonic implications:in situ zircon U-Pb-Hf-O isotopic and geochemical constraints. American Journal of Science 314,110-153.
Ding, T., Jiang, S., 2000. Stable isotope study of the Langshan polymetallic mineral district, inner Mongolia, China. Resource Geology 50, 25-38.
Elhlou,S.,Belousova, E., Griffin, W.L., Pearson, N., O'reilly, S.Y., 2006. Trace element and isotopic composition of GJ-red zircon standard by laser ablation. Geochimica et CosmochimicaActa 70,158.
Ge, X.H., Liu, J.L., 2000. Broken"Western China craton". Acta Petrologica Sinica 16,59-66(in Chinese with English abstract).
Geng, Y.S., Zhou, X.W., 2011. Characterastics of geochemistry and zircon Hf isotope of the early Neoproterozoic granite in Alax area, Inner Mongolia. Acta Petrologica Sinica 27, 897-908.
Griffin, W.L., Pearson, N.J., Belousova, E., Jackson, S.E., Van Achterbergh, E.,O'Reilly, S.Y, Shee,S.R.,2000. The Hf isotope composition of cratonic mantle:LAM-MC-ICPMS analysis of zircon megacrysts in kimberlites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 64,133-147.
Hou, K.J., Yuan, S.D., 2010. Zircon U-Pb age and Hf isotopic composition of the volcanic and sub-volcanic rocks in the Ningwu basin and their geological implications. Acta Petrologica Sinica 26, 888-902(in Chinese with English abstract).
Hu, J., Gong, W., Wu, S., Liu, Y., Liu, S., 2014. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of the Langshan Group in the northeast margin of the Alxa block, with tectonic implications. Precambrian Research 255, 756-770.
Li, Q., Chen, F., Guo, J., Li, X., Yang, Y., Siebel, W., 2007. Zircon ages and Nd-Hf isotopic composition of the Zhaertai Group(Inner Mongolia):evidence for early Proterozoic evolution of the northern North China Craton. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 30, 573-590.
Liu, C.H., Liu, F.L, 2015. The Mesoproterozoic rifting in the North China Craton:a case study for magmatism and sedimentation of the Zhaertai-Bayan Obo-Huade rift zone. Acta Petrologica Sinica 31, 3107-3128(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu, Y., Hu, Z., Gao, S., Gunther, D., Xu, J., Gao, C., Chen, H., 2008. In situ analysis of major and trace elements of anhydrous minerals by LA-ICP-MS without applying an internal standard. Chemical Geology 257, 34-43.
Lu, S., Yang, C., Li, H., Li, H., 2002. A group of rifting events in the terminal Paleoproterozoic in the North China Craton. Gondwana Research 5.123-131.
Ludwig, K.R., 2003. Isoplot version 3.0:a geochronology toolkit for Microsoft Excel:berkeley geochronology center spec. Publication 4, 2.
Peng, R.M., Zhai, Y.S., Han, X.F., Wang, Z.F., Wang, J.P., Shen, C.L., Chen, X.F., 2007.Mineralization response to the structural evolution in the Langshan tectonic belt, inner Mongolia. Acta Petrologica Sinica 23, 679-688(in Chinese with English abstract).
Peng, R., Zhai, Y.S., Wang, J.P., Chen, X.F., Liu, Q., Junyang, L., Shi, Y.X., Wang, G.,Shenbin, L.I., Wang, L.G., 2010. Discovery of Neoproterozoic acid volcanic rock in the south-western section of Langshan, Inner Mongolia. Chinese Science Bulletin 55, 2611-2620.
Peng, R.M., Zhai, Y.S., Wang, Z.G., Han, X.F., Qin, J.W., Wang, J.P., Mei, J.M., 2006.Characteristics and exploration of submarine sedex deposits in the LangshanZhaertai ore concentration area, Inner Mongolia. Mineral Deposits 25,221-224(in Chinese with English abstract).
Pi, Q,H., Liu, C.Z., Chen, Y.L., Li, Y.Q., Li, D.P., 2010. Formation epoch and genesis of intrusive rocks in Huogeqi ore field of Inner Mongolia and their relationshipwith copper mineralization. Mineral Deposits 29, 437-451(in Chinese with English abstract).
Scherer, E., Munker, C., Mezger, K., 2001. Calibration of the lutetium-hafnium clock.Science 293, 683-687.
Shi, X.J., Zhang, L., Wang, T., Xiao, X.C., Tong, Y., Zhang, J.J., 2014. Geochronology and geochemistry of the intermediate-acid intrusive rocks from Zongnaishan area in northern Alxa, Inner Mongolia, and their tectonic implications. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 33, 989-1007(in Chinese with English abstract).
Tang, Q., Li, C., Zhang, M., Ripley, E.M., Wang, Q., 2014. Detrital zircon constraint on the timing of amalgamation between Alxa and Ordos, with exploration implications for Jinchuan-type Ni-Cu ore deposit in China. Precambrian Research255, 748-755.
Wang, M., Luo, J.L., Li, M., Bai, X.J., Cheng, C., Yan, L.W., 2013. Provenance and tectonic setting of sandstone-type uranium deposit in Dongsheng area, Ordos basin:evidence from U-Pb age and Hf isotopes of detrital zircons. Acta Petrologica Sinica 29, 2746-2758(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang, Z., Han, B., Feng, L., Liu, B., Zheng, B., Kong, L., 2016. Tectonic attribution of the Langshan area in western Inner Mongolia and implications for the Neoarchean-Paleoproterozoic evolution of the western North China Craton:evidence from La-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of the Langshan basement. Lithos261, 278-295.
Wu, F., Yang, Y., Xie, L., Yang, J., Xu, P., 2006. Hf isotopic compositions of the standard zircons and baddeleyites used in U-Pb geochronology. Chemical Geology 234,105-126.
Yuan, W., Yang, Z., 2015a. The Alashan terrane did not amalgamate with North China block by the late Permian:evidence from carboniferous and Permian paleomagnetic results. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 104, 145-159.
Yuan, W., Yang, Z., 2015b. The Alashan terrane was not part of North China by the late Devonian:evidence from detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology and Hf isotopes. Gondwana Research 27,1270-1282.
Zhai, M., Liu, W.J., 2003. Palaeoproterozoic tectonic history of the North China craton:a review. Precambrian Research 122,183-189.
Zhai, M.G., Peng, P., 2007. Paleoproterozoic events in the North China craton. Acta Petrologica Sinica 23, 2665-2682.
Zhai, M., Santosh, M., 2013. Metallogeny of the North China Craton:link with secular changes in the evolving Earth. Gondwana Research 24, 275-297.
Zhang, J.J., 2012. Magma Mixing Origin of Yamatu Granite in Nuoergong-Langshan Area, Western Margin of North China Craton:In-situ Zircon U-Pb, Hafnium Isotopic, Petrology and Geochemistry Evidences(Master's thesis). China University of Geosciences(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang, J.J., 2015. Petrogenesis of the Permian Granitoids from the Northern Alxa Block and Their Geodynamic Implications(PhD thesis). China University of Geosciences(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang, J., Li, J.Y., Liu, J.F., Li, Y.F., Qu, J.F., Feng, Q.W., 2012. The relationship between the Alxa block and the North China Plate during the early Paleozoic:new information from the middle Ordovician detrial zircon ages in the eastern Alxa block. Acta Petrologica Sinica 28, 2912-2934(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang, J., Li, J.Y., Liu, J.F., Qu, J.F., Zhang, Y.P., 2013. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages of pillow lava basalts in southwestern Langshan, Inner Mongolia and their implication.Geological Bulletin of China 32, 287-296(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang, J., Zhang, B., Zhao, H., 2016. Timing of amalgamation of the Alxa Block and the North China Block:constraints based on detrital zircon U-Pb ages and sedimentologic and structural evidence. Tectonophysics 668, 65-81.
Zhao, G., Cawood, P.A., 2012. Precambrian geology of China. Precambrian Research222-223, 13-54.
Zhao, G., Sun, M., Wilde, S.A., Li, S., 2003. Assembly, accretion and breakup of the paleo-Mesoproterozoic Columbia supercontinent:records in the North China Craton. Gondwana Research 6, 417-434.
Zhao, G., Sun, M., Wilde, S.A., Li, S., 2004. A paleo-Mesoproterozoic supercontinent:assembly, growth and breakup. Earth-Science Reviews 67, 91-123.
Zhao, G., Wilde, S.A., Guo, J., Cawood, P.A., Sun, M., Li, X., 2010. Single zircon grains record two Paleoproterozoic collisional events in the North China Craton. Precambrian Research 177, 266-276.
Zhong, R., Li, W., Chen, Y., Yue, D., Yang, Y., 2013. P-T-X conditions, origin, and evolution of Cu-bearing fluids of the shear zone-hosted Huogeqi Cu-(Pb-Zn-Fe)deposit, northern China. Ore Geology Reviews 50, 83-97.
Zhu, X., Zhang, Q., He, Y., Zhu, C., 2006. Lead isotopic composition and lead source of the Huogeqi Cu-Pb-Zn Deposit, Inner Mongolia, China. Acta Geological Sinica80, 528-539.
Blichert-Toft, J., Albarede, F., 1997. The Lu-Hf isotope geochemistry of chondrites and the evolution of the mantle-crust system. Earth and Planetary Science Letters148, 243-258.
Chu, N.C., Taylor, R.N., Chavagnac, V., Nesbitt, R.W., Boella, R.M., Milton, J.A.,German, C.R., Bayon, G., Burton, K., 2012. Hf isotopic ratio analysis using multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry:an evaluation of isobaric interference corrections. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 17,1567-1574.
Dan, W., Li, X., Guo, J., Liu, Y., Wang, X., 2012. Integrated in situ zircon U-Pb age and Hf-0 isotopes for the Helanshankhondalites in North China Craton:juvenile crustal materials deposited in active or passive continental margin? Precambrian Research 222-223,143-158.
Dan, W., Li, X.H., Wang, Q., Wang, X.C., Liu, Y., 2014. Neoproterozoic S-type granites in the ALXA block, westernmost North China and tectonic implications:in situ zircon U-Pb-Hf-O isotopic and geochemical constraints. American Journal of Science 314,110-153.
Ding, T., Jiang, S., 2000. Stable isotope study of the Langshan polymetallic mineral district, inner Mongolia, China. Resource Geology 50, 25-38.
Elhlou,S.,Belousova, E., Griffin, W.L., Pearson, N., O'reilly, S.Y., 2006. Trace element and isotopic composition of GJ-red zircon standard by laser ablation. Geochimica et CosmochimicaActa 70,158.
Ge, X.H., Liu, J.L., 2000. Broken"Western China craton". Acta Petrologica Sinica 16,59-66(in Chinese with English abstract).
Geng, Y.S., Zhou, X.W., 2011. Characterastics of geochemistry and zircon Hf isotope of the early Neoproterozoic granite in Alax area, Inner Mongolia. Acta Petrologica Sinica 27, 897-908.
Griffin, W.L., Pearson, N.J., Belousova, E., Jackson, S.E., Van Achterbergh, E.,O'Reilly, S.Y, Shee,S.R.,2000. The Hf isotope composition of cratonic mantle:LAM-MC-ICPMS analysis of zircon megacrysts in kimberlites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 64,133-147.
Hou, K.J., Yuan, S.D., 2010. Zircon U-Pb age and Hf isotopic composition of the volcanic and sub-volcanic rocks in the Ningwu basin and their geological implications. Acta Petrologica Sinica 26, 888-902(in Chinese with English abstract).
Hu, J., Gong, W., Wu, S., Liu, Y., Liu, S., 2014. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of the Langshan Group in the northeast margin of the Alxa block, with tectonic implications. Precambrian Research 255, 756-770.
Li, Q., Chen, F., Guo, J., Li, X., Yang, Y., Siebel, W., 2007. Zircon ages and Nd-Hf isotopic composition of the Zhaertai Group(Inner Mongolia):evidence for early Proterozoic evolution of the northern North China Craton. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 30, 573-590.
Liu, C.H., Liu, F.L, 2015. The Mesoproterozoic rifting in the North China Craton:a case study for magmatism and sedimentation of the Zhaertai-Bayan Obo-Huade rift zone. Acta Petrologica Sinica 31, 3107-3128(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu, Y., Hu, Z., Gao, S., Gunther, D., Xu, J., Gao, C., Chen, H., 2008. In situ analysis of major and trace elements of anhydrous minerals by LA-ICP-MS without applying an internal standard. Chemical Geology 257, 34-43.
Lu, S., Yang, C., Li, H., Li, H., 2002. A group of rifting events in the terminal Paleoproterozoic in the North China Craton. Gondwana Research 5.123-131.
Ludwig, K.R., 2003. Isoplot version 3.0:a geochronology toolkit for Microsoft Excel:berkeley geochronology center spec. Publication 4, 2.
Peng, R.M., Zhai, Y.S., Han, X.F., Wang, Z.F., Wang, J.P., Shen, C.L., Chen, X.F., 2007.Mineralization response to the structural evolution in the Langshan tectonic belt, inner Mongolia. Acta Petrologica Sinica 23, 679-688(in Chinese with English abstract).
Peng, R., Zhai, Y.S., Wang, J.P., Chen, X.F., Liu, Q., Junyang, L., Shi, Y.X., Wang, G.,Shenbin, L.I., Wang, L.G., 2010. Discovery of Neoproterozoic acid volcanic rock in the south-western section of Langshan, Inner Mongolia. Chinese Science Bulletin 55, 2611-2620.
Peng, R.M., Zhai, Y.S., Wang, Z.G., Han, X.F., Qin, J.W., Wang, J.P., Mei, J.M., 2006.Characteristics and exploration of submarine sedex deposits in the LangshanZhaertai ore concentration area, Inner Mongolia. Mineral Deposits 25,221-224(in Chinese with English abstract).
Pi, Q,H., Liu, C.Z., Chen, Y.L., Li, Y.Q., Li, D.P., 2010. Formation epoch and genesis of intrusive rocks in Huogeqi ore field of Inner Mongolia and their relationshipwith copper mineralization. Mineral Deposits 29, 437-451(in Chinese with English abstract).
Scherer, E., Munker, C., Mezger, K., 2001. Calibration of the lutetium-hafnium clock.Science 293, 683-687.
Shi, X.J., Zhang, L., Wang, T., Xiao, X.C., Tong, Y., Zhang, J.J., 2014. Geochronology and geochemistry of the intermediate-acid intrusive rocks from Zongnaishan area in northern Alxa, Inner Mongolia, and their tectonic implications. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 33, 989-1007(in Chinese with English abstract).
Tang, Q., Li, C., Zhang, M., Ripley, E.M., Wang, Q., 2014. Detrital zircon constraint on the timing of amalgamation between Alxa and Ordos, with exploration implications for Jinchuan-type Ni-Cu ore deposit in China. Precambrian Research255, 748-755.
Wang, M., Luo, J.L., Li, M., Bai, X.J., Cheng, C., Yan, L.W., 2013. Provenance and tectonic setting of sandstone-type uranium deposit in Dongsheng area, Ordos basin:evidence from U-Pb age and Hf isotopes of detrital zircons. Acta Petrologica Sinica 29, 2746-2758(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang, Z., Han, B., Feng, L., Liu, B., Zheng, B., Kong, L., 2016. Tectonic attribution of the Langshan area in western Inner Mongolia and implications for the Neoarchean-Paleoproterozoic evolution of the western North China Craton:evidence from La-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of the Langshan basement. Lithos261, 278-295.
Wu, F., Yang, Y., Xie, L., Yang, J., Xu, P., 2006. Hf isotopic compositions of the standard zircons and baddeleyites used in U-Pb geochronology. Chemical Geology 234,105-126.
Yuan, W., Yang, Z., 2015a. The Alashan terrane did not amalgamate with North China block by the late Permian:evidence from carboniferous and Permian paleomagnetic results. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 104, 145-159.
Yuan, W., Yang, Z., 2015b. The Alashan terrane was not part of North China by the late Devonian:evidence from detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology and Hf isotopes. Gondwana Research 27,1270-1282.
Zhai, M., Liu, W.J., 2003. Palaeoproterozoic tectonic history of the North China craton:a review. Precambrian Research 122,183-189.
Zhai, M.G., Peng, P., 2007. Paleoproterozoic events in the North China craton. Acta Petrologica Sinica 23, 2665-2682.
Zhai, M., Santosh, M., 2013. Metallogeny of the North China Craton:link with secular changes in the evolving Earth. Gondwana Research 24, 275-297.
Zhang, J.J., 2012. Magma Mixing Origin of Yamatu Granite in Nuoergong-Langshan Area, Western Margin of North China Craton:In-situ Zircon U-Pb, Hafnium Isotopic, Petrology and Geochemistry Evidences(Master's thesis). China University of Geosciences(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang, J.J., 2015. Petrogenesis of the Permian Granitoids from the Northern Alxa Block and Their Geodynamic Implications(PhD thesis). China University of Geosciences(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang, J., Li, J.Y., Liu, J.F., Li, Y.F., Qu, J.F., Feng, Q.W., 2012. The relationship between the Alxa block and the North China Plate during the early Paleozoic:new information from the middle Ordovician detrial zircon ages in the eastern Alxa block. Acta Petrologica Sinica 28, 2912-2934(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang, J., Li, J.Y., Liu, J.F., Qu, J.F., Zhang, Y.P., 2013. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages of pillow lava basalts in southwestern Langshan, Inner Mongolia and their implication.Geological Bulletin of China 32, 287-296(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang, J., Zhang, B., Zhao, H., 2016. Timing of amalgamation of the Alxa Block and the North China Block:constraints based on detrital zircon U-Pb ages and sedimentologic and structural evidence. Tectonophysics 668, 65-81.
Zhao, G., Cawood, P.A., 2012. Precambrian geology of China. Precambrian Research222-223, 13-54.
Zhao, G., Sun, M., Wilde, S.A., Li, S., 2003. Assembly, accretion and breakup of the paleo-Mesoproterozoic Columbia supercontinent:records in the North China Craton. Gondwana Research 6, 417-434.
Zhao, G., Sun, M., Wilde, S.A., Li, S., 2004. A paleo-Mesoproterozoic supercontinent:assembly, growth and breakup. Earth-Science Reviews 67, 91-123.
Zhao, G., Wilde, S.A., Guo, J., Cawood, P.A., Sun, M., Li, X., 2010. Single zircon grains record two Paleoproterozoic collisional events in the North China Craton. Precambrian Research 177, 266-276.
Zhong, R., Li, W., Chen, Y., Yue, D., Yang, Y., 2013. P-T-X conditions, origin, and evolution of Cu-bearing fluids of the shear zone-hosted Huogeqi Cu-(Pb-Zn-Fe)deposit, northern China. Ore Geology Reviews 50, 83-97.
Zhu, X., Zhang, Q., He, Y., Zhu, C., 2006. Lead isotopic composition and lead source of the Huogeqi Cu-Pb-Zn Deposit, Inner Mongolia, China. Acta Geological Sinica80, 528-539.