城乡要素错配与城乡融合发展——基于中国省级面板数据的实证研究
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摘要
城乡要素市场改革滞后导致城乡要素流动受限,由此产生的城乡要素错配严重制约着城乡融合发展水平的提升。本文在理论分析的基础上,采用2000—2015年中国省级面板数据,测度城乡要素错配程度与城乡融合发展水平,实证检验城乡要素错配对城乡融合发展的影响。研究发现,我国农业部门较非农部门的生产要素错配状态更为严峻,城乡要素配置远偏离理想水平;研究时段内城乡融合发展水平逐步提升,"人"、"地"的融合对城乡融合发展的贡献较大且效应增强,而"资本"融合的贡献呈现下降趋势;农业部门、非农部门的生产要素错配对城乡融合发展分别呈现正效应、负效应,表明农业部门的要素错配状态改善是城乡融合发展的重要动力,非农部门的要素错配恶化是阻碍城乡融合发展的重要制约因素,城乡要素错配严重制约城乡融合发展。
The lag of urban and rural factor market reform in China leads to the limitation of the mobility of urban and rural factors,and therefore the urban and rural factor mismatch seriously restricts the improvement of the level of urban and rural integration. Based on the theoretical analysis,this paper uses the provincial panel data from 2000 to 2015 to measure the degree of urban and rural factors' mismatch and the level of urban-rural integration development,and empirically test the impact of urban-rural factors' mismatch on urban-rural integration development. The study found that: First,the mismatching of production factors in China's agricultural sector is more severe than that in non-agricultural sectors and the urban-rural factor allocation is far from the ideal situation; Second,the development level of urban-rural integration was gradually improving during the research period,and the integration of " people" and " land" contributed greatly to the development of urban-rural integration and the effect was enhanced,while the contribution of " capital" integration showed a downward trend; Third,the mismatch of production factors in the agricultural sector and non-agricultural sectors respectively shows positive and negative effects respectively,which shows that the improvement of factor mismatch status in the agricultural sector is an important driving force for the integration of urban and rural areas,and the deterioration of factor mismatch status of non-agricultural sectors is an important factor hindering the integration of urban and rural areas. Based on this,this paper puts forward the policy suggestions for promoting the integration of urban and rural areas from the perspective of urban-rural factors allocation.
The lag of urban and rural factor market reform in China leads to the limitation of the mobility of urban and rural factors,and therefore the urban and rural factor mismatch seriously restricts the improvement of the level of urban and rural integration. Based on the theoretical analysis,this paper uses the provincial panel data from 2000 to 2015 to measure the degree of urban and rural factors' mismatch and the level of urban-rural integration development,and empirically test the impact of urban-rural factors' mismatch on urban-rural integration development. The study found that: First,the mismatching of production factors in China's agricultural sector is more severe than that in non-agricultural sectors and the urban-rural factor allocation is far from the ideal situation; Second,the development level of urban-rural integration was gradually improving during the research period,and the integration of " people" and " land" contributed greatly to the development of urban-rural integration and the effect was enhanced,while the contribution of " capital" integration showed a downward trend; Third,the mismatch of production factors in the agricultural sector and non-agricultural sectors respectively shows positive and negative effects respectively,which shows that the improvement of factor mismatch status in the agricultural sector is an important driving force for the integration of urban and rural areas,and the deterioration of factor mismatch status of non-agricultural sectors is an important factor hindering the integration of urban and rural areas. Based on this,this paper puts forward the policy suggestions for promoting the integration of urban and rural areas from the perspective of urban-rural factors allocation.
引文
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2.PottsD.Shall We Go Home?Increasing Urban Poverty in African Cities and Migration Processes,The Geographic Journal,1995,161(3):245~264
3.KorpiM.Migration and Wage Inequality,Economics Effects of Migration to and within Sweden,1993-2003,work report,Institutef for Futures Studies,2008
4.Banerjee A V and Duflo E.Growth Theory through the Lens of Development Economics.Aghion P.and Durlauf S.N.Handbook of Economic Growth,North-Holland,2005(1):473~552
5.Caselli F.Accounting for Cross-country Income Differences.Aghion P.and Durlauf S.N.Handbook of Economic Growth,North-Holland,2005(1):679~741
6.Restuccia D and Richard R.policy Distortions and Aggregate Productivity with Heterogeneous Plants.Review of Economic Dynamics,2008,11(4):707~720
7.Buera F J et al.Finance and Development:A Tale of Two Sectors.Americans Economics Review,2011,101(5):1964~2002
8.EchevarriaC.Changes in Sectoral Composition Associated with Economic Growth.International Economic Review,1997,38(2):431~452
9.Foellmi R and Zweimuller J.Structural Change,Engel’s Consumption Cycles and Kaldor’s Facts of Economic Growth.Journal of Monetary Economics,2008,55(7):1317~1328
10.Kuznets S.Economic Growth and Income Inequality.American Economic Review,1995,45(1):1~28
11.Temple J.Dual Economy Models:A Primer for Growth Economists.The Manchester School,2005,73(4):435~478
12.Mundlak Y.Agriculture and Economic Growth:Theory and Measurement.Harvard University Press,2000:401~405
13.Acemoglu D.Directed Technical Change.Review of Economics Studies,2002,69(4):781~809
14.Brandt L and X zhu.Accounting for China’s Growth,University of Tornoto Working Paper,2010
15.Vollrath D.How Important Are Dual EconomyEffects Aggregate Producivity.Journal of Development Econoics,2009,88(2):325~334
16.Mcgee T G.Urbanization in Asia:Spatial Dimensions and Policy Issues.Honolulu:University of Hawaii Press,1989:3~26
17.项继权,周长友.“新三农”问题的演变与政策选择.中国农村经济,2017(10):13~25
18.黄小明.收入差距、农村人力资本深化与城乡融合.经济学家,2014(1):84~91
19.王颂吉,白永秀.城乡要素错配与中国二元经济结构转化滞后:理论与实证研究.中国工业经济,2013(7):31~43
20.梁漱溟.乡村建设理论.济南:山东人民出版社,1990:149
21.毛泽东.毛泽东文集(第7卷).北京:人民出版社,1999:241
22.林毅夫,蔡昉,李周.比较优势与发展战略-对“东亚奇迹”的再解释.中国社会科学,1999(5):4~20,204
23.陆铭,陈钊.城市化、城市倾向的经济政策与城乡收入差距.经济研究,2004(6):50~58
24.高帆.分工差异与二元经济结构的形成.数量经济技术经济研究,2007(7):3~14
25.张应禄,陈志钢.城乡二元经济结构:测定、变动趋势及政策选择.农业经济问题,2011(11):84~93,112
26.刘易斯.劳动力无限供给条件下的经济增长.北京经济出版社,1954
27.Ndegw,Elijah.城乡联系方法的概念、实践以及有关问题.黄非译.“提高城乡联系于协调经济发展国际会议”论文集,2005
28.吴业苗.居村农民市民化:何以可能?——基于城乡一体化进路的理论与实证分析.社会科学,2010(7):54~62,188~189
29.焦必方,林娣,彭婧妮.城乡一体化评价体系的全新构建及其应用——长三角地区城乡一体化评价.复旦学报(社会科学版),2011(4):75~83
30.陈伯庚,陈承明.新型城镇化与城乡一体化疑难问题探析.社会科学,2013(9):34~43
31.周江燕,白永秀.中国城乡发展一体化水平的时序变化与地区差异分析.中国工业经济,2014(2):5~17
32.魏后凯.新常态下中国城乡一体化格局及推进战略.中国农村经济,2016(1):2~16
33.袁志刚,解栋栋.中国劳动力错配对TFP的影响分析.经济研究,2011,46(7):4~17
34.李锐,朱喜.农户金融抑制及其福利损失的计量分析.经济研究,2007(2):146~155
35.杨志才,柏培文.要素错配及其对产出损失和收入分配的影响研究.数量经济技术经济研究,2017,34(8):21~37
36.刘贯春,张晓云,邓光耀.要素重置、经济增长与区域非平衡发展.数量经济技术经济研究,2017,34(7):35~56
37.龚关,胡关亮.中国制造业资源配置效率与全要素生产率.经济研究,2013,48(4):4~15,29
38.曾小溪,汪三贵.城乡要素交换:从不平等到平等.中州学刊,2015(12):39~44
39.曹玉书,楼东玮.资源错配、结构变迁与中国经济转型.中国工业经济,2012(10):5~18
40.张定鑫,熊杰.马克思生产方式理论视野下的我国城乡一体化.上海财经大学学报,2017,19(2):4~12,99
41.迟福林.我国统筹城乡发展的基本公共服务均等化因素.东南学术,2009(6):4~9
42.徐建国,张勋.农业生产率进步、劳动力转移与工农业联动发展.管理世界,2016(7):76~87,97
(1)刘守英.乡村振兴与城乡融合-城乡中国阶段的两个关键词.爱思想,http://www. aisixiang. com/data/106548. htm,2017-10-23 /2018-1-10
*文中的区域划分:西部地区包括内蒙古、陕西、甘肃、宁夏、青海、新疆、四川、重庆、云南、贵州、广西、西藏12个省份;中部地区包括河南、山西、江西、安徽、湖北、湖南6个省份;东部地区包括黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、北京、天津、河北、山东、江苏、上海、浙江、福建、广东、海南13个省份
2.PottsD.Shall We Go Home?Increasing Urban Poverty in African Cities and Migration Processes,The Geographic Journal,1995,161(3):245~264
3.KorpiM.Migration and Wage Inequality,Economics Effects of Migration to and within Sweden,1993-2003,work report,Institutef for Futures Studies,2008
4.Banerjee A V and Duflo E.Growth Theory through the Lens of Development Economics.Aghion P.and Durlauf S.N.Handbook of Economic Growth,North-Holland,2005(1):473~552
5.Caselli F.Accounting for Cross-country Income Differences.Aghion P.and Durlauf S.N.Handbook of Economic Growth,North-Holland,2005(1):679~741
6.Restuccia D and Richard R.policy Distortions and Aggregate Productivity with Heterogeneous Plants.Review of Economic Dynamics,2008,11(4):707~720
7.Buera F J et al.Finance and Development:A Tale of Two Sectors.Americans Economics Review,2011,101(5):1964~2002
8.EchevarriaC.Changes in Sectoral Composition Associated with Economic Growth.International Economic Review,1997,38(2):431~452
9.Foellmi R and Zweimuller J.Structural Change,Engel’s Consumption Cycles and Kaldor’s Facts of Economic Growth.Journal of Monetary Economics,2008,55(7):1317~1328
10.Kuznets S.Economic Growth and Income Inequality.American Economic Review,1995,45(1):1~28
11.Temple J.Dual Economy Models:A Primer for Growth Economists.The Manchester School,2005,73(4):435~478
12.Mundlak Y.Agriculture and Economic Growth:Theory and Measurement.Harvard University Press,2000:401~405
13.Acemoglu D.Directed Technical Change.Review of Economics Studies,2002,69(4):781~809
14.Brandt L and X zhu.Accounting for China’s Growth,University of Tornoto Working Paper,2010
15.Vollrath D.How Important Are Dual EconomyEffects Aggregate Producivity.Journal of Development Econoics,2009,88(2):325~334
16.Mcgee T G.Urbanization in Asia:Spatial Dimensions and Policy Issues.Honolulu:University of Hawaii Press,1989:3~26
17.项继权,周长友.“新三农”问题的演变与政策选择.中国农村经济,2017(10):13~25
18.黄小明.收入差距、农村人力资本深化与城乡融合.经济学家,2014(1):84~91
19.王颂吉,白永秀.城乡要素错配与中国二元经济结构转化滞后:理论与实证研究.中国工业经济,2013(7):31~43
20.梁漱溟.乡村建设理论.济南:山东人民出版社,1990:149
21.毛泽东.毛泽东文集(第7卷).北京:人民出版社,1999:241
22.林毅夫,蔡昉,李周.比较优势与发展战略-对“东亚奇迹”的再解释.中国社会科学,1999(5):4~20,204
23.陆铭,陈钊.城市化、城市倾向的经济政策与城乡收入差距.经济研究,2004(6):50~58
24.高帆.分工差异与二元经济结构的形成.数量经济技术经济研究,2007(7):3~14
25.张应禄,陈志钢.城乡二元经济结构:测定、变动趋势及政策选择.农业经济问题,2011(11):84~93,112
26.刘易斯.劳动力无限供给条件下的经济增长.北京经济出版社,1954
27.Ndegw,Elijah.城乡联系方法的概念、实践以及有关问题.黄非译.“提高城乡联系于协调经济发展国际会议”论文集,2005
28.吴业苗.居村农民市民化:何以可能?——基于城乡一体化进路的理论与实证分析.社会科学,2010(7):54~62,188~189
29.焦必方,林娣,彭婧妮.城乡一体化评价体系的全新构建及其应用——长三角地区城乡一体化评价.复旦学报(社会科学版),2011(4):75~83
30.陈伯庚,陈承明.新型城镇化与城乡一体化疑难问题探析.社会科学,2013(9):34~43
31.周江燕,白永秀.中国城乡发展一体化水平的时序变化与地区差异分析.中国工业经济,2014(2):5~17
32.魏后凯.新常态下中国城乡一体化格局及推进战略.中国农村经济,2016(1):2~16
33.袁志刚,解栋栋.中国劳动力错配对TFP的影响分析.经济研究,2011,46(7):4~17
34.李锐,朱喜.农户金融抑制及其福利损失的计量分析.经济研究,2007(2):146~155
35.杨志才,柏培文.要素错配及其对产出损失和收入分配的影响研究.数量经济技术经济研究,2017,34(8):21~37
36.刘贯春,张晓云,邓光耀.要素重置、经济增长与区域非平衡发展.数量经济技术经济研究,2017,34(7):35~56
37.龚关,胡关亮.中国制造业资源配置效率与全要素生产率.经济研究,2013,48(4):4~15,29
38.曾小溪,汪三贵.城乡要素交换:从不平等到平等.中州学刊,2015(12):39~44
39.曹玉书,楼东玮.资源错配、结构变迁与中国经济转型.中国工业经济,2012(10):5~18
40.张定鑫,熊杰.马克思生产方式理论视野下的我国城乡一体化.上海财经大学学报,2017,19(2):4~12,99
41.迟福林.我国统筹城乡发展的基本公共服务均等化因素.东南学术,2009(6):4~9
42.徐建国,张勋.农业生产率进步、劳动力转移与工农业联动发展.管理世界,2016(7):76~87,97
(1)刘守英.乡村振兴与城乡融合-城乡中国阶段的两个关键词.爱思想,http://www. aisixiang. com/data/106548. htm,2017-10-23 /2018-1-10
*文中的区域划分:西部地区包括内蒙古、陕西、甘肃、宁夏、青海、新疆、四川、重庆、云南、贵州、广西、西藏12个省份;中部地区包括河南、山西、江西、安徽、湖北、湖南6个省份;东部地区包括黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、北京、天津、河北、山东、江苏、上海、浙江、福建、广东、海南13个省份