Effect of arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides and arabinoxylans on net energy and nutrient utilization in broilers
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摘要
Arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides(AXOS) are hydrolytic degradation products of arabinoxylans(AX) that can be fermented by the gut microbiota, thus potentially displaying prebiotic properties. This study examined the effects of AX and AXOS on net energy(NE) and nutrient utilization in broilers. Ross 308 broilers(n = 90, 30 birds per treatment) were fed wheat-soybean diets supplemented with pure AX, AXOS produced by exposing the AX to xylanase in vitro(AXOS), or AX with xylanase(AX + E) from d 10 to 21.Performance parameters were measured from d 10 to 21. On d 15, 10 birds per treatment were allocated to closed-circuit net energy chambers to assess the impact of AX and AXOS on dietary energy utilization,through assessment of both metabolisable energy(ME) and NE. Ileal and caecal digesta samples were collected on d 21 to determine the effect of AX and AXOS on ileal and total tract dry matter digestibility,ileal digestible energy, digesta pH, short chain fatty acids(SCFA) and microbiota concentration. Feed conversion ratio was numerically the lowest in birds fed the diet supplemented with AXOS, which is 1.26 compared to 1.37 and 1.30 for AX and AX + E, respectively. Ileal dry matter digestibility was higher in birds fed AXOS than those fed AX(P = 0.047). Ileal digestible energy and total tract dry matter digestibility were higher in birds fed AXOS than those fed AX or AX + E(P = 0.004 and P = 0.001,respectively). Birds fed AXOS had higher ME intake(P = 0.049) and nitrogen retention(P = 0.001) and a strong trend of higher NE(P = 0.056), NE intake(P = 0.057) and retained energy(P = 0.054) compared to those fed AX. Ileal total SCFA, lactic and formic acid concentrations were higher in birds fed AXOS than those fed AX(P = 0.011, P = 0.012 and P = 0.023, respectively). Birds fed AXOS or AX + E had higher caecal total SCFA, acetic, butyric and isovaleric acid concentrations compared to those fed AX(P = 0.001,P = 0.004, P = 0.016 and P = 0.008, respectively), and caecal propionic acid concentration was higher in birds fed AX + E than those fed AX(P = 0.050). Ileal and caecal microbiota concentrations were numerically higher and pH was lower in birds fed AXOS and AX + E than those fed AX. Results from this study indicate that feeding AXOS directly is more efficient than AXOS generation in the gastrointestinal tract, and suggest that AXOS has a potential to be an efficacious prebiotic in broiler diets.
Arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides(AXOS) are hydrolytic degradation products of arabinoxylans(AX) that can be fermented by the gut microbiota, thus potentially displaying prebiotic properties. This study examined the effects of AX and AXOS on net energy(NE) and nutrient utilization in broilers. Ross 308 broilers(n = 90, 30 birds per treatment) were fed wheat-soybean diets supplemented with pure AX, AXOS produced by exposing the AX to xylanase in vitro(AXOS), or AX with xylanase(AX + E) from d 10 to 21.Performance parameters were measured from d 10 to 21. On d 15, 10 birds per treatment were allocated to closed-circuit net energy chambers to assess the impact of AX and AXOS on dietary energy utilization,through assessment of both metabolisable energy(ME) and NE. Ileal and caecal digesta samples were collected on d 21 to determine the effect of AX and AXOS on ileal and total tract dry matter digestibility,ileal digestible energy, digesta pH, short chain fatty acids(SCFA) and microbiota concentration. Feed conversion ratio was numerically the lowest in birds fed the diet supplemented with AXOS, which is 1.26 compared to 1.37 and 1.30 for AX and AX + E, respectively. Ileal dry matter digestibility was higher in birds fed AXOS than those fed AX(P = 0.047). Ileal digestible energy and total tract dry matter digestibility were higher in birds fed AXOS than those fed AX or AX + E(P = 0.004 and P = 0.001,respectively). Birds fed AXOS had higher ME intake(P = 0.049) and nitrogen retention(P = 0.001) and a strong trend of higher NE(P = 0.056), NE intake(P = 0.057) and retained energy(P = 0.054) compared to those fed AX. Ileal total SCFA, lactic and formic acid concentrations were higher in birds fed AXOS than those fed AX(P = 0.011, P = 0.012 and P = 0.023, respectively). Birds fed AXOS or AX + E had higher caecal total SCFA, acetic, butyric and isovaleric acid concentrations compared to those fed AX(P = 0.001,P = 0.004, P = 0.016 and P = 0.008, respectively), and caecal propionic acid concentration was higher in birds fed AX + E than those fed AX(P = 0.050). Ileal and caecal microbiota concentrations were numerically higher and pH was lower in birds fed AXOS and AX + E than those fed AX. Results from this study indicate that feeding AXOS directly is more efficient than AXOS generation in the gastrointestinal tract, and suggest that AXOS has a potential to be an efficacious prebiotic in broiler diets.
Arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides(AXOS) are hydrolytic degradation products of arabinoxylans(AX) that can be fermented by the gut microbiota, thus potentially displaying prebiotic properties. This study examined the effects of AX and AXOS on net energy(NE) and nutrient utilization in broilers. Ross 308 broilers(n = 90, 30 birds per treatment) were fed wheat-soybean diets supplemented with pure AX, AXOS produced by exposing the AX to xylanase in vitro(AXOS), or AX with xylanase(AX + E) from d 10 to 21.Performance parameters were measured from d 10 to 21. On d 15, 10 birds per treatment were allocated to closed-circuit net energy chambers to assess the impact of AX and AXOS on dietary energy utilization,through assessment of both metabolisable energy(ME) and NE. Ileal and caecal digesta samples were collected on d 21 to determine the effect of AX and AXOS on ileal and total tract dry matter digestibility,ileal digestible energy, digesta pH, short chain fatty acids(SCFA) and microbiota concentration. Feed conversion ratio was numerically the lowest in birds fed the diet supplemented with AXOS, which is 1.26 compared to 1.37 and 1.30 for AX and AX + E, respectively. Ileal dry matter digestibility was higher in birds fed AXOS than those fed AX(P = 0.047). Ileal digestible energy and total tract dry matter digestibility were higher in birds fed AXOS than those fed AX or AX + E(P = 0.004 and P = 0.001,respectively). Birds fed AXOS had higher ME intake(P = 0.049) and nitrogen retention(P = 0.001) and a strong trend of higher NE(P = 0.056), NE intake(P = 0.057) and retained energy(P = 0.054) compared to those fed AX. Ileal total SCFA, lactic and formic acid concentrations were higher in birds fed AXOS than those fed AX(P = 0.011, P = 0.012 and P = 0.023, respectively). Birds fed AXOS or AX + E had higher caecal total SCFA, acetic, butyric and isovaleric acid concentrations compared to those fed AX(P = 0.001,P = 0.004, P = 0.016 and P = 0.008, respectively), and caecal propionic acid concentration was higher in birds fed AX + E than those fed AX(P = 0.050). Ileal and caecal microbiota concentrations were numerically higher and pH was lower in birds fed AXOS and AX + E than those fed AX. Results from this study indicate that feeding AXOS directly is more efficient than AXOS generation in the gastrointestinal tract, and suggest that AXOS has a potential to be an efficacious prebiotic in broiler diets.
引文
Adil S,Magray SN.Impact and manipulation of gut microflora in poultry:a review.J Anim Vet Adv 2012;11:873-7.
Annison E,White R.Glucose utilization in sheep.Biochem J 1961;80:162.
Bedford M.Removal of antibiotic growth promoters from poultry diets:implications and strategies to minimize subsequent problems.World’s Poult Sci J2000;56:347-65.
Choct M,Annison G.Anti-nutritive activity of wheat pentosans in broiler diets.Br Poultry Sci 1990;33(4):821-34.
Cowieson AJ,Bedford MR.The effect of phytase and carbohydrase on ileal amino acid digestibility in monogastricdiets:complementary mode of action?World’s Poult Sci J 2009;65:609-24.
Cuche G,Cuber JC,Malbert H.Ileal short-chain fatty acids inhibit gastric motility by a humoral pathway.Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2000;279:G925-30.
De Maesschalck CD,Eeckhaut V,Maertens L,De Lange L,Marchal L,Nezer C,et al.Effects of xylo-oligosaccharides on broiler chicken performance and microbiota.Appl Environ Micrbiol 2015;81:5880-8.
Den Besen G,van Eunen K,Groen AK,Venema K,Reijngoud D-J,Bakker BM.The role of short-chain fatty acids in the interplay between diet,gut microbiota and host energy metabolism.J Lipid Res 2013;54:2325-40.
Farrell D.An indirect closed circuit respiration chamber suitable for fowl.Poult Sci1972;51:683-8.
Gao F,Jiang Y,Zhou GH,Han ZK.The effects of xylanase supplementation on performance,characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract,blood parameters and gut microflora in broilers fed on wheat-based diets.Anim Feed Sci Technol2008;142:173-84.
Guilloteau P,Martin L,Eeckhaut V,Ducatelle R,Zabielski R,Van Immerseel FV.From the gut to the peripheral tissues:the multiple effects of butyrate.Nutr Res Rev2010;23:366-84.
Hernandez F,García V,Madrid J,Orengo J,Catala-Megías MD.Effect of formic acid on performance,digestibility,intestinal histomorphology and plasma metabolite levels of broiler chickens.Br Poult Sci 2005;47:50-6.
Haque MN,Chowdhury R,Islam KMS,Akbar MA.Propionic acid is an alternative to antibiotics in poultry diet.Bangladesh J Anim Sci 2009;38:115-22.
Hudha MN,Ali MS,Azad MAA,Hossain MM,Tanjim M.Effect of acetic acid on growth and meat yield in broilers.Int J Biol Res 2010;1:31-5.
Hughes RJ,Choct M.Chemical and physical characterisitcs of grains related to variability in energy and amino acid availability on poultry.Aust J Agric Res1999;50:689-701.
Jommuengbout P,Pinitglang S,Kyu KL,Ratanakhanokchai K.Substrate-binding site of Family 11 xylanase from Bacillus firmus K-1 by molecular docking.Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2009;73:833-9.
Kim G-B,Seo YM,Kim CH,Paik IK.Effect of dietary prebiotic supplementation on the performance,intestinal microflora,and immune response of broilers.Poult Sci 2011;90:75-82.
Meng X,Slominski BA,Nyachoti CM,Campbell LD,Guenter W.Degradation of cell wall polysaccharides by combinations of carbohydrase enzymes and their effect on nutrient utilization and broiler chicken performance.Poult Sci 2005;84:37-47.
M€akel€ainen H,Forssten S,Saarinen M,Stowell J,Rautonent N,Ouwehand AC.Xylo-oligosaccharides enhance the growth of bifidobacteria and Bifidobacterium lactis in a simulated colon model.Benef Microbes 2010a;1:81-91.
M€akel€ainen H,Saarinen M,Stowell J,Rautonen N,Ouwehand AC.Xylo-oligosaccharides and lactitol promote the growth of Bifidobacterium lactis and Lactobacillus species in pure cultures.Benef Microbes 2010b;1:139-48.
Noblet J,Dubois S,Labussiere E,Carre B,van Milgen J.Metabolic utilization of energy in monogastric animals and its implementation in net energy systems.In:Crovetto GM,editor.‘Proceedings of the 3rd international symposium on energy and protein metabolism and nutrition,Parma Italy’.European Federation of Animal Science.Wageningen,The Netherlands:Wageningen Academic Publishers;2010.p.573-82.
Noblet J,Dubois S,Lasnier J,Warpechowski M,Dimon P,Carre B,Van Milgen J,Labussiere E.Fasting heat production and metabolic BW in group-housed broilers.Animal 2015;9:1138-44.
Sanchez JI,Marzorati M,Grootaert C,Baran M,Craeyveld VV,Courtin CM,et al.Arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides(AXOS)affect the protein/carbohydrate fermentation balance and microbial population dynamics of the simulator of human intestinal microbial ecosystem.Microb Biotechnol 2008;2:101-13.
Short FJ,Gorton P,Wiseman J,Boorman KN.Determination of titanium dioxide added as an inert marker in chicken digestibility studies.Anim Feed Sci Technol1996;59:215-21.
Swick RA,Wu S-B,Zuo J,Rodgers N,Barekatain MR,Choct M.Implications and development of a net energy system for broilers.Anim Prod Sci 2013;53:1231-7.
van der Klis JD,Kwakernaak C,Jansman A,Blok M.Energy in poultry diets:adjusted AME or net energy?In:Selle P,editor.Proceedings of the 21st annual Australian poultry science symposium.Sydney:Poultry Research Foundation;2010.p.44-9.
Wu YB,Ravindran V,Thomas DG,Birtles MJ,Hendriks WH.Influence of phytase and xylanase,individually or in combination,on performance,apparent metabolisable energy,digestive tract measurements and gut morphology in broilers fed wheat-based diets containing adequate level of phosphorus.Br Poult Sci2004;45:76-84.
Annison E,White R.Glucose utilization in sheep.Biochem J 1961;80:162.
Bedford M.Removal of antibiotic growth promoters from poultry diets:implications and strategies to minimize subsequent problems.World’s Poult Sci J2000;56:347-65.
Choct M,Annison G.Anti-nutritive activity of wheat pentosans in broiler diets.Br Poultry Sci 1990;33(4):821-34.
Cowieson AJ,Bedford MR.The effect of phytase and carbohydrase on ileal amino acid digestibility in monogastricdiets:complementary mode of action?World’s Poult Sci J 2009;65:609-24.
Cuche G,Cuber JC,Malbert H.Ileal short-chain fatty acids inhibit gastric motility by a humoral pathway.Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2000;279:G925-30.
De Maesschalck CD,Eeckhaut V,Maertens L,De Lange L,Marchal L,Nezer C,et al.Effects of xylo-oligosaccharides on broiler chicken performance and microbiota.Appl Environ Micrbiol 2015;81:5880-8.
Den Besen G,van Eunen K,Groen AK,Venema K,Reijngoud D-J,Bakker BM.The role of short-chain fatty acids in the interplay between diet,gut microbiota and host energy metabolism.J Lipid Res 2013;54:2325-40.
Farrell D.An indirect closed circuit respiration chamber suitable for fowl.Poult Sci1972;51:683-8.
Gao F,Jiang Y,Zhou GH,Han ZK.The effects of xylanase supplementation on performance,characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract,blood parameters and gut microflora in broilers fed on wheat-based diets.Anim Feed Sci Technol2008;142:173-84.
Guilloteau P,Martin L,Eeckhaut V,Ducatelle R,Zabielski R,Van Immerseel FV.From the gut to the peripheral tissues:the multiple effects of butyrate.Nutr Res Rev2010;23:366-84.
Hernandez F,García V,Madrid J,Orengo J,Catala-Megías MD.Effect of formic acid on performance,digestibility,intestinal histomorphology and plasma metabolite levels of broiler chickens.Br Poult Sci 2005;47:50-6.
Haque MN,Chowdhury R,Islam KMS,Akbar MA.Propionic acid is an alternative to antibiotics in poultry diet.Bangladesh J Anim Sci 2009;38:115-22.
Hudha MN,Ali MS,Azad MAA,Hossain MM,Tanjim M.Effect of acetic acid on growth and meat yield in broilers.Int J Biol Res 2010;1:31-5.
Hughes RJ,Choct M.Chemical and physical characterisitcs of grains related to variability in energy and amino acid availability on poultry.Aust J Agric Res1999;50:689-701.
Jommuengbout P,Pinitglang S,Kyu KL,Ratanakhanokchai K.Substrate-binding site of Family 11 xylanase from Bacillus firmus K-1 by molecular docking.Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2009;73:833-9.
Kim G-B,Seo YM,Kim CH,Paik IK.Effect of dietary prebiotic supplementation on the performance,intestinal microflora,and immune response of broilers.Poult Sci 2011;90:75-82.
Meng X,Slominski BA,Nyachoti CM,Campbell LD,Guenter W.Degradation of cell wall polysaccharides by combinations of carbohydrase enzymes and their effect on nutrient utilization and broiler chicken performance.Poult Sci 2005;84:37-47.
M€akel€ainen H,Forssten S,Saarinen M,Stowell J,Rautonent N,Ouwehand AC.Xylo-oligosaccharides enhance the growth of bifidobacteria and Bifidobacterium lactis in a simulated colon model.Benef Microbes 2010a;1:81-91.
M€akel€ainen H,Saarinen M,Stowell J,Rautonen N,Ouwehand AC.Xylo-oligosaccharides and lactitol promote the growth of Bifidobacterium lactis and Lactobacillus species in pure cultures.Benef Microbes 2010b;1:139-48.
Noblet J,Dubois S,Labussiere E,Carre B,van Milgen J.Metabolic utilization of energy in monogastric animals and its implementation in net energy systems.In:Crovetto GM,editor.‘Proceedings of the 3rd international symposium on energy and protein metabolism and nutrition,Parma Italy’.European Federation of Animal Science.Wageningen,The Netherlands:Wageningen Academic Publishers;2010.p.573-82.
Noblet J,Dubois S,Lasnier J,Warpechowski M,Dimon P,Carre B,Van Milgen J,Labussiere E.Fasting heat production and metabolic BW in group-housed broilers.Animal 2015;9:1138-44.
Sanchez JI,Marzorati M,Grootaert C,Baran M,Craeyveld VV,Courtin CM,et al.Arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides(AXOS)affect the protein/carbohydrate fermentation balance and microbial population dynamics of the simulator of human intestinal microbial ecosystem.Microb Biotechnol 2008;2:101-13.
Short FJ,Gorton P,Wiseman J,Boorman KN.Determination of titanium dioxide added as an inert marker in chicken digestibility studies.Anim Feed Sci Technol1996;59:215-21.
Swick RA,Wu S-B,Zuo J,Rodgers N,Barekatain MR,Choct M.Implications and development of a net energy system for broilers.Anim Prod Sci 2013;53:1231-7.
van der Klis JD,Kwakernaak C,Jansman A,Blok M.Energy in poultry diets:adjusted AME or net energy?In:Selle P,editor.Proceedings of the 21st annual Australian poultry science symposium.Sydney:Poultry Research Foundation;2010.p.44-9.
Wu YB,Ravindran V,Thomas DG,Birtles MJ,Hendriks WH.Influence of phytase and xylanase,individually or in combination,on performance,apparent metabolisable energy,digestive tract measurements and gut morphology in broilers fed wheat-based diets containing adequate level of phosphorus.Br Poult Sci2004;45:76-84.