乳山序列地震分布与震源区速度结构的关系
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摘要
速度结构反演可提供与震源区介质及地震发生位置等有关的重要信息,为了解地震形成机理及发震环境提供重要依据。文中采用双差层析成像方法,对乳山台阵2014年5月7日—2016年12月31日期间有6个以上台站记录到的地震事件进行重新定位,并反演其震源区P波三维速度结构。1 410次乳山台阵记录的ML> 1. 0地震经双差定位后获得1 376次精确定位结果,震中呈NWW-SEE向展布,走向SEE,倾向SW,形成长约3km、宽约1km的地震密集带;速度结构显示震源区附近存在3个速度明显不同的区域,余震活动主要发生在3个区域的交会位置,偏高速体一侧;综合考虑震中展布与高、低速体及不同性质岩体间的位置关系、区域地质构造等因素,推测震中展布位置应为2种不同岩体的界线,在高速体与低速体过渡带之间可能存在1条隐伏断裂。
Since the earthquake of ML3. 8 occurring on October 1,2013 in Ruishan, Weihai City,Shandong Province,the sequence has lasted for about 4 years( Aug. 31,2017). Seismicity is enhanced or weakened and fluctuated continuously. More than 13250 aftershocks have been recorded in Shandong Seismic Network. During this period,the significant earthquake events were magnitude4. 2( ML4. 7) on January 7,4. 0( ML4. 5) on April 4,M3. 6( ML4. 1) on September 16 in 2014 and M4. 6( ML5. 0) on May 22,2015. The earthquake of ML5. 0 was the largest one in the Rushan sequence so far. In order to strengthen the monitoring of aftershocks,18 temporary stations were set up near the epicenter at the end of April,2014( official recording began on May 7) by Shandong Earthquake Agency,which constitutes an intensified network in Rushan that surrounds the four quadrants of the small earthquake concentration area together with 12 fixed stations nearby,and provides an effective data foundation for the refinement of Rushan earthquake sequence.The velocity structure offers important information related to earthquake location and the focal medium,providing an important basis for understanding the background and mechanism of the earthquake. In this paper,double-difference tomography method is used to relocate the seismic events recorded by more than six stations of Rushan array from May 7,2014 to December 31,2016,and the inversion on the P-wave velocity structure of the focal area is conducted. The Hyposat positioning method is used to relocate the absolute position. Only the stations with the first wave arrival time less than 0. 1 second are involved in the location. A total of 14 165 seismic records are obtained,which is much larger than that recorded by Shandong Seismic Network during the same period with 7 708 earthquakes and 2 048 localizable ones. A total of 1 410 earthquakes with ML≥1. 0 were selected to participate in the inversion. Precise relocation of 1 376 earthquakes is obtained by using doubledifference tomography,in which,there are 14 318 absolute traveltime P waves and 63 162 relative travel time P waves. The epicenters are located in distribution along NWW-SEE toward SEE and tend to WS,forming a seismic belt with the length about 3 km and width about 1 km. The focal depths are mainly concentrated between 4 km and 9 km,occurring mainly at the edge of the high velocity body,and gradually dispersing with time. It has obvious temporal and spatial cluster characteristics.Compared with the precise relocation of Shandong network,the accuracy of the positioning of Rushan array is higher. The main reason is that the epicenter of Rushan earthquake swarm is near the seaside,and the fixed stations of Shandong Seismic Network are located on the one side of the epicenter. The nearest three stations( RSH,HAY,WED) from the epicenter are Rushan station with epicentral distance about 13 km,the Haiyang station with epicentral distance about 33 km,and Wendeng station with epicentral distance about 42 km. The epicentral distance of the rest stations are more than 75 km.In addition,the magnitude of most earthquakes in Rushan sequence is small. The accuracy of phase identification is relatively limited due to the slightly larger epicentral distance of the station HAY and station WED in Shandong Seismic Network. Furthermore,the one-dimensional velocity model used in network location is simple with only the depth and velocity of Moho surface and Conrad surface. The epicentral distances of the 18 temporary stations in Rushan are less than 10 km,and the initial phase is clear. The island station set up on the southeast side and the Haiyangsuo station on the southwest side form a comprehensive package for the epicenter. Compared with the double-difference algorithm method,the double-difference tomography method used in this paper is more accurate for the velocity structure,thus can obtain the optimal relocation result and velocity structure.the velocity structure shows that there are three distinct regions with different velocities in the vicinity of the focal area. The earthquakes mainly occur in the intersection of the three regions and on the side of the high velocity body. With the increase of depth,P wave velocity increases gradually and there are two distinct velocity changes. The aftershock activities basically occur near the dividing line to the high velocity side. The south side is low velocity abnormal body and the north side is high velocity abnormal body. High velocity body becomes shallower from south to north,which coincides with the tectonic conditions of Rushan. Considering the spatial relationships between the epicenter distribution and the high-low velocity body and different lithology of geological structure,and other factors,it is inferred that the location of the epicenter should be the boundary of two different rock bodies,and there may be a hidden fault in the transition zone between high velocity abnormal body and low velocity abnormal body. The interface position of the high-low velocity body, the concentrating area of the aftershocks,is often the stress concentration zone,the medium is relatively weak,and the intensity is low. There is almost no earthquake in the high velocity abnormal body,and the energy accumulated in the high velocity body is released at the peripheral positions. It can be seen that the existence of the high-low velocity body has a certain control effect on the distribution of the aftershocks.
Since the earthquake of ML3. 8 occurring on October 1,2013 in Ruishan, Weihai City,Shandong Province,the sequence has lasted for about 4 years( Aug. 31,2017). Seismicity is enhanced or weakened and fluctuated continuously. More than 13250 aftershocks have been recorded in Shandong Seismic Network. During this period,the significant earthquake events were magnitude4. 2( ML4. 7) on January 7,4. 0( ML4. 5) on April 4,M3. 6( ML4. 1) on September 16 in 2014 and M4. 6( ML5. 0) on May 22,2015. The earthquake of ML5. 0 was the largest one in the Rushan sequence so far. In order to strengthen the monitoring of aftershocks,18 temporary stations were set up near the epicenter at the end of April,2014( official recording began on May 7) by Shandong Earthquake Agency,which constitutes an intensified network in Rushan that surrounds the four quadrants of the small earthquake concentration area together with 12 fixed stations nearby,and provides an effective data foundation for the refinement of Rushan earthquake sequence.The velocity structure offers important information related to earthquake location and the focal medium,providing an important basis for understanding the background and mechanism of the earthquake. In this paper,double-difference tomography method is used to relocate the seismic events recorded by more than six stations of Rushan array from May 7,2014 to December 31,2016,and the inversion on the P-wave velocity structure of the focal area is conducted. The Hyposat positioning method is used to relocate the absolute position. Only the stations with the first wave arrival time less than 0. 1 second are involved in the location. A total of 14 165 seismic records are obtained,which is much larger than that recorded by Shandong Seismic Network during the same period with 7 708 earthquakes and 2 048 localizable ones. A total of 1 410 earthquakes with ML≥1. 0 were selected to participate in the inversion. Precise relocation of 1 376 earthquakes is obtained by using doubledifference tomography,in which,there are 14 318 absolute traveltime P waves and 63 162 relative travel time P waves. The epicenters are located in distribution along NWW-SEE toward SEE and tend to WS,forming a seismic belt with the length about 3 km and width about 1 km. The focal depths are mainly concentrated between 4 km and 9 km,occurring mainly at the edge of the high velocity body,and gradually dispersing with time. It has obvious temporal and spatial cluster characteristics.Compared with the precise relocation of Shandong network,the accuracy of the positioning of Rushan array is higher. The main reason is that the epicenter of Rushan earthquake swarm is near the seaside,and the fixed stations of Shandong Seismic Network are located on the one side of the epicenter. The nearest three stations( RSH,HAY,WED) from the epicenter are Rushan station with epicentral distance about 13 km,the Haiyang station with epicentral distance about 33 km,and Wendeng station with epicentral distance about 42 km. The epicentral distance of the rest stations are more than 75 km.In addition,the magnitude of most earthquakes in Rushan sequence is small. The accuracy of phase identification is relatively limited due to the slightly larger epicentral distance of the station HAY and station WED in Shandong Seismic Network. Furthermore,the one-dimensional velocity model used in network location is simple with only the depth and velocity of Moho surface and Conrad surface. The epicentral distances of the 18 temporary stations in Rushan are less than 10 km,and the initial phase is clear. The island station set up on the southeast side and the Haiyangsuo station on the southwest side form a comprehensive package for the epicenter. Compared with the double-difference algorithm method,the double-difference tomography method used in this paper is more accurate for the velocity structure,thus can obtain the optimal relocation result and velocity structure.the velocity structure shows that there are three distinct regions with different velocities in the vicinity of the focal area. The earthquakes mainly occur in the intersection of the three regions and on the side of the high velocity body. With the increase of depth,P wave velocity increases gradually and there are two distinct velocity changes. The aftershock activities basically occur near the dividing line to the high velocity side. The south side is low velocity abnormal body and the north side is high velocity abnormal body. High velocity body becomes shallower from south to north,which coincides with the tectonic conditions of Rushan. Considering the spatial relationships between the epicenter distribution and the high-low velocity body and different lithology of geological structure,and other factors,it is inferred that the location of the epicenter should be the boundary of two different rock bodies,and there may be a hidden fault in the transition zone between high velocity abnormal body and low velocity abnormal body. The interface position of the high-low velocity body, the concentrating area of the aftershocks,is often the stress concentration zone,the medium is relatively weak,and the intensity is low. There is almost no earthquake in the high velocity abnormal body,and the energy accumulated in the high velocity body is released at the peripheral positions. It can be seen that the existence of the high-low velocity body has a certain control effect on the distribution of the aftershocks.
引文
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(1)山东省地质勘探局1988以来1︰5万实测区域地质调查项目资料。