X-Mechanics——An endless frontier
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摘要
In contrast to the conventional wisdom that mechanics is a relatively mature subject, the new manifestation of mechanics in an extended or crossed form is unfolding. Mechanics is now powering all subjects, from physical sciences, life sciences to social sciences. We name this new phase for the development of mechanics X-Mechanics. The present article outlines the contents of X-Mechanics from four aspects: cross media, cross scales, cross compliances, and cross cyber/physical spaces. X-Mechanics constitutes an endless frontier of science and technology.
In contrast to the conventional wisdom that mechanics is a relatively mature subject, the new manifestation of mechanics in an extended or crossed form is unfolding. Mechanics is now powering all subjects, from physical sciences, life sciences to social sciences. We name this new phase for the development of mechanics X-Mechanics. The present article outlines the contents of X-Mechanics from four aspects: cross media, cross scales, cross compliances, and cross cyber/physical spaces. X-Mechanics constitutes an endless frontier of science and technology.
In contrast to the conventional wisdom that mechanics is a relatively mature subject, the new manifestation of mechanics in an extended or crossed form is unfolding. Mechanics is now powering all subjects, from physical sciences, life sciences to social sciences. We name this new phase for the development of mechanics X-Mechanics. The present article outlines the contents of X-Mechanics from four aspects: cross media, cross scales, cross compliances, and cross cyber/physical spaces. X-Mechanics constitutes an endless frontier of science and technology.
引文
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45 D.Silver,J.Schrittwieser,K.Simonyan,I.Antonoglou,A.Huang,A.Guez,T.Hubert,L.Baker,M.Lai,A.Bolton,Y.Chen,T.Lillicrap,F.Hui,L.Sifre,G.van den Driessche,T.Graepel,and D.Hassabis,Nature 550,354(2017).
46 X.Bin Peng,P.Abbeel,S.Levine,M.van de Panne,ACM Trans.Graph.37,4(2018).
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49 J.S.Rao,C.Zhao,A.Zhang,H.Duan,P.Hao,R.H.Wei,J.Shang,W.Zhao,Z.Liu,J.Yu,K.S.Fan,Z.Tian,Q.He,W.Song,Z.Yang,Y.E.Sun,and X.Li,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.115,E5595(2018).
50 W.Yang,Nature 534,467(2016).
2 J.R.Rice,Mechanics of Solids,Mechanics,Encyclopedia Britainnica,15th ed.(Encyclop?dia Britannica,Inc.,Chicago,Illinois,1993),p.734.
3 A.C.Pipkin,Lecture on Viscoelasticity Theory(Springer-Verlag,New York,1986).
4 J.P.Gong,Y.Katsuyama,T.Kurokawa,and Y.Osada,Adv.Mater.15,1155(2003).
5 J.Y.Sun,X.Zhao,W.R.K.Illeperuma,O.Chaudhuri,K.H.Oh,D.J.Mooney,J.J.Vlassak,and Z.Suo,Nature 489,133(2012).
6 T.L.Sun,T.Kurokawa,S.Kuroda,A.B.Ihsan,T.Akasaki,K.Sato,M.A.Haque,T.Nakajima,and J.P.Gong,Nat.Mater.12,932(2013).
7 C.Keplinger,J.Y.Sun,C.C.Foo,P.Rothemund,G.M.Whitesides,and Z.Suo,Science 341,984(2013).
8 C.Larson,B.Peele,S.Li,S.Robinson,M.Totaro,L.Beccai,B.Mazzolai,and R.Shepherd,Science 351,1071(2016).
9 T.B.H.Schroeder,A.Guha,A.Lamoureux,G.VanRenterghem,D.Sept,M.Shtein,J.Yang,and M.Mayer,Nature 552,214(2017).
10 C.C.Kim,H.H.Lee,K.H.Oh,and J.Y.Sun,Science 353,682(2016).
11 E.Acome,S.K.Mitchell,T.G.Morrissey,M.B.Emmett,C.Benjamin,M.King,M.Radakovitz,and C.Keplinger,Science 359,61(2018).
12 F.Carpi,S.Bauer,and D.de Rossi,Science 330,1759(2010).
13 T.Li,C.Keplinger,R.Baumgartner,S.Bauer,W.Yang,and Z.Suo,J.Mech.Phys.Solids 61,611(2013).
14 X.Yang,G.Li,T.Cheng,Q.Zhao,C.Ma,T.Xie,T.Li,and W.Yang,J.Appl.Mech 83,071005(2016).
15 H.Yuk,T.Zhang,G.A.Parada,X.Liu,and X.Zhao,Nat.Commun.7,12028(2016).
16 Q.Liu,G.Nian,C.Yang,S.Qu,and Z.Suo,Nat.Commun.9,846(2018).
17 X.Yang,C.An,S.Liu,T.Cheng,V.Bunpetch,Y.Liu,S.Dong,S.Li,X.Zou,T.Li,H.Ouyang,Z.Wu,and W.Yang,Adv.Healthcare Mater.7,1701014(2018).
18 T.Li,G.Li,Y.Liang,T.Cheng,J.Dai,X.Yang,B.Liu,Z.Zeng,Z.Huang,Y.Luo,T.Xie,and W.Yang,Sci.Adv.3,e1602045(2017).
19 X.-P.Chen,G.-R.Li,X.-N.Cao,Z.Zhang,Y.-M.Liang,X.-X.Yang,Y.-H.Xiao,F.-H.Zhou,Z.-L.Huang,Y.-W.Luo,T.Xie,T.-F.Li,W.Yang,Soft-rigid coexist robot adapts the extreme hydrostatic pressure.On preparation.
20 K.O.Lai,and N.Y.Ip,Curr.Opin.Neurobiol.19,275(2009).
21 A.M.Bao,J.H.Luo,D.F.Swaab,J.Zhejiang Univ.(Humanity Soc.Sci.Ed.)4,6(2012).
22 C.S.Holling,Annu.Rev.Ecol.Syst.4,1(1973).
23 D.R.Godschalk,Nat.Hazards Rev.4,136(2003).
24 A.A.Griffith,Philos.Trans.R.Soc.A-Math.Phys.Eng.Sci.221,163(1921).
25 B.X.Qiu,City Plan.Rev.4,11(2009).
26 W.-C.Fan,Introduction to Public Safety Science(Science Press,Beijing,2013).
27 Y.LeCun,Y.Bengio,and G.Hinton,Nature 521,436(2015).
28 Z.S.She,and E.Leveque,Phys.Rev.Lett.72,336(1994).
29 W.Yang,in An Outline for Interfacial and Nanoscale Failure,Chapter8.0,Interfacial and Nanoscale Failure,Comprehensive Structure Integrity,edited by W.W.Gerberich,and W.Yang(Elsevier Science,Oxford,2003).
30 L.B.Freund,and H.T.Johnson,J.Mech.Phys.Solids 49,1925(2001).
31 M.I.Baskes,J.S.Nelson,and A.F.Wright,Phys.Rev.B 40,6085(1989).
32 R.Phillips,Crystals,Defects and Microstructures-Modelling Across Scales(Cambridge University Press,Cambridge,2001).
33 D.Fan,J.W.Huang,X.L.Zeng,Y.Li,J.C.E,J.Y.Huang,T.Sun,K.Fezzaa,Z.Wang,and S.N.Luo,Rev.Sci.Instrum.87,053903(2016).
34 X.P.Morelle,W.R.Illeperuma,K.Tian,R.Bai,Z.Suo,and J.J.Vlassak,Adv.Mater.30,1801541(2018).
35 J.Song,C.Chen,S.Zhu,M.Zhu,J.Dai,U.Ray,Y.Li,Y.Kuang,Y.Li,N.Quispe,Y.Yao,A.Gong,U.H.Leiste,H.A.Bruck,J.Y.Zhu,A.Vellore,H.Li,M.L.Minus,Z.Jia,A.Martini,T.Li,and L.Hu,Nature 554,224(2018).
36 L.Lu,Y.Shen,X.Chen,L.Qian,and K.Lu,Science 304,422(2004).
37 P.Wang,S.Xu,J.Liu,X.Li,Y.Wei,H.Wang,H.Gao,and W.Yang,J.Mech.Phys.Solids 98,290(2017).
38 P.Wang,and H.Wang,J.Appl.Mech 84,111002(2017).
39 P.Wang,Y.Wu,J.Liu,and H.Wang,Extreme Mech.Lett.17,38(2017).
40 S.P.Lacour,S.Wagner,Z.Huang,and Z.Suo,Appl.Phys.Lett.82,2404(2003).
41 D.Y.Khang,H.Jiang,Y.Huang,and J.A.Rogers,Science 311,208(2006).
42 T.Zhou,G.Hong,T.M.Fu,X.Yang,T.G.Schuhmann,R.D.Viveros,and C.M.Lieber,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.114,5894(2017).
43 M.B.Trimmer,P.R.H.Ewoldt,M.Kovac,H.Lipson,N.Lu,M.Shahinpoor,and C.Majidi,Soft Robot.1,63(2013).
44 D.Silver,A.Huang,C.J.Maddison,A.Guez,L.Sifre,G.van den Driessche,J.Schrittwieser,I.Antonoglou,V.Panneershelvam,M.Lanctot,S.Dieleman,D.Grewe,J.Nham,N.Kalchbrenner,I.Sutskever,T.Lillicrap,M.Leach,K.Kavukcuoglu,T.Graepel,and D.Hassabis,Nature 529,484(2016).
45 D.Silver,J.Schrittwieser,K.Simonyan,I.Antonoglou,A.Huang,A.Guez,T.Hubert,L.Baker,M.Lai,A.Bolton,Y.Chen,T.Lillicrap,F.Hui,L.Sifre,G.van den Driessche,T.Graepel,and D.Hassabis,Nature 550,354(2017).
46 X.Bin Peng,P.Abbeel,S.Levine,M.van de Panne,ACM Trans.Graph.37,4(2018).
47 W.Yang,Mechatronic Reliability(Springer,Berlin,2003).
48 G.Huang,F.Li,X.Zhao,Y.Ma,Y.Li,M.Lin,G.Jin,T.J.Lu,G.M.Genin,and F.Xu,Chem.Rev.117,12764(2017).
49 J.S.Rao,C.Zhao,A.Zhang,H.Duan,P.Hao,R.H.Wei,J.Shang,W.Zhao,Z.Liu,J.Yu,K.S.Fan,Z.Tian,Q.He,W.Song,Z.Yang,Y.E.Sun,and X.Li,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.115,E5595(2018).
50 W.Yang,Nature 534,467(2016).