落体法测刚体转动惯量的误差分析
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摘要
为了分析刚体转动惯量实验测定中摩擦力矩变化对测量结果的影响,本文对采用落体法测角加速度方法进行了实测检验。结果表明,摩擦力矩随载物系统转速增大而显著增加,系统空载测量时,减速过程角加速度对应平均转速远大于加速过程平均转速,如果不进行修正,则导致计算结果偏低。而相同质量砝码拉动系统负载测量时,加速过程和减速过程对应平均转速相对接近,测量值主要受测量随机误差影响。上述结果有利于进一步开展转轴摩擦力矩随转速变化系统性的研究。
In order to analyze the influence of the friction torque change on the measurement of rigid body inertia, the falling body method is used in the experimental analysis. It is indicated that the friction torque increases significantly with the increase of the system rotation speed, if the average rotation speed of the system in the deceleration process is much higher than that in the acceleration process, and if no correction is made, the calculation results are usually relatively small. At the same time, it is pointed out that the average rotation speed in the acceleration process and the deceleration process are relatively close to each other, the measuring value is mainly affected by the random error. The above results are helpful to further study the friction torque variations against the rotational speed.
In order to analyze the influence of the friction torque change on the measurement of rigid body inertia, the falling body method is used in the experimental analysis. It is indicated that the friction torque increases significantly with the increase of the system rotation speed, if the average rotation speed of the system in the deceleration process is much higher than that in the acceleration process, and if no correction is made, the calculation results are usually relatively small. At the same time, it is pointed out that the average rotation speed in the acceleration process and the deceleration process are relatively close to each other, the measuring value is mainly affected by the random error. The above results are helpful to further study the friction torque variations against the rotational speed.
引文
1宋超,潘钧俊,叶郁文等.用三线摆方法测试物体转动惯量的误差问题.力学与实践,2003,25(1):59-61
2孟泉水,班丽瑛,朱金山.用复摆法测刚体转动惯量.西安科技大学学报,2003,23(4):478-480Meng Quanshui,Ban Liying,Zhu Jinshan.Measuring the rotational inertia of rigid body with the method of compound pendulum.Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2003,23(4):478-480(in Chinese)
3王海林,司嵘嵘,李相银.落体法测量刚体转动惯量实验中引起测量值偏离的因素分析.物理实验,2012,32(32):25-30Wang Hailin,Si Rongrong,Li Xiangyin.Error analysis in measurement of rigid body rotational inertia by falling body method.Experiment in Physics,2012,32(32):25-30(in Chinese)
4蔡静,刘小廷,李季平等.用气垫摆测物体的转动惯量.物理实验,2000,20(6):7-8
5陈淑清.用气垫转盘测转动惯量的数据处理及误差分析.物理实验,2003,22(3):13-15Chen Shuqing.Date processing and error analysis in measuring moment of inertia with air-cushion turntable.Experiment in Physics,2003,22(3):13-15(in Chinese)
6郭长立,李三庆.落体法测刚体转动惯量的测量方法比较.力学与实践,2005,27(3):69-72Guo Changli,Li Sanqing.Comparison of different methods of measuring rigid body inertia by the falling body law.Mechanics in Engineering,2005,27(3):69-72(in Chinese)
2孟泉水,班丽瑛,朱金山.用复摆法测刚体转动惯量.西安科技大学学报,2003,23(4):478-480Meng Quanshui,Ban Liying,Zhu Jinshan.Measuring the rotational inertia of rigid body with the method of compound pendulum.Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2003,23(4):478-480(in Chinese)
3王海林,司嵘嵘,李相银.落体法测量刚体转动惯量实验中引起测量值偏离的因素分析.物理实验,2012,32(32):25-30Wang Hailin,Si Rongrong,Li Xiangyin.Error analysis in measurement of rigid body rotational inertia by falling body method.Experiment in Physics,2012,32(32):25-30(in Chinese)
4蔡静,刘小廷,李季平等.用气垫摆测物体的转动惯量.物理实验,2000,20(6):7-8
5陈淑清.用气垫转盘测转动惯量的数据处理及误差分析.物理实验,2003,22(3):13-15Chen Shuqing.Date processing and error analysis in measuring moment of inertia with air-cushion turntable.Experiment in Physics,2003,22(3):13-15(in Chinese)
6郭长立,李三庆.落体法测刚体转动惯量的测量方法比较.力学与实践,2005,27(3):69-72Guo Changli,Li Sanqing.Comparison of different methods of measuring rigid body inertia by the falling body law.Mechanics in Engineering,2005,27(3):69-72(in Chinese)