企业集团成长模式的国际比较
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摘要
文章主要从发展路径、组织结构、治理结构、政企关系出发将英美、日韩企业集团成长模式作了比较分析,表明英美模式为市场主导型,日本模式为产融结合型,韩国模式为政府主导型,三种模式各有利弊。中国企业集团的成长独具中国特色,并在政府的指导下发展迅速,但与发达国家相比仍差距较大。因此,随着市场化程度的提高和国际竞争的加剧,中国企业集团应借鉴国外企业集团的经验和教训,完善自身发展,提高国际竞争力。
This paper makes a comparative analysis about enterprise group s growth pattern mainly from development path, organizational structure, governance structure, and government- enterprise relations among Britain, United States, Japan, South Korea and China. It is showed that the British- American model is market-oriented, the Japanese model is a combination of industrial capital and financial capital, and the Korean model is the government s leading. Three models all have their own advantages and disadvantages. With unique Chinese characteristics, the enterprise group of China is developing rapidly under the guidance of the government, but it differs greatly from the enterprise groups in developed countries. Therefore, with the improvement of marketization in China and the fierce international competition, Chinese enterprise groups should draw lessons from foreign enterprise groups, improve their own development and enhance international competitiveness.
This paper makes a comparative analysis about enterprise group s growth pattern mainly from development path, organizational structure, governance structure, and government- enterprise relations among Britain, United States, Japan, South Korea and China. It is showed that the British- American model is market-oriented, the Japanese model is a combination of industrial capital and financial capital, and the Korean model is the government s leading. Three models all have their own advantages and disadvantages. With unique Chinese characteristics, the enterprise group of China is developing rapidly under the guidance of the government, but it differs greatly from the enterprise groups in developed countries. Therefore, with the improvement of marketization in China and the fierce international competition, Chinese enterprise groups should draw lessons from foreign enterprise groups, improve their own development and enhance international competitiveness.
引文
[1]中国企业联合会,中国企业家协会.中国500强企业发展报告(2011)[R].北京:企业管理出版社,2011.
[2]GUILLéN M F,GARCíA-CANAL E.The American model of the multinational firm and the“new”multinationals from emerging economies[J].The Academy of Management Perspectives,2009,23(2):23-35.
[3]孙执中.荣衰论——战后日本经济史(1945-2004)[M].北京:人民出版社,2006.
[4]赵旭梅,夏占友.日本企业集团的金融制度[M].上海:对外经济贸易大学出版社,2006.
[5]孙世春.日本企业集团模式转型与体制转轨[J].经济研究,2010(3):19-23.
[6]张汉林,蔡春华.韩国规划改革——经济合作和发展组织考察报告[M].上海:上海财经大学出版社,2007.
[7]盛毅.中国企业集团发展的理论与实践[M].北京:人民出版社,2010.
[8]北京交通大学中国企业兼并重组研究中心.中国企业并购年鉴2010[M].北京:中国经济出版社,2011.
[9]郑国坚,魏明海.控股股东内部市场的形成机制研究[J].中山大学学报:社会科学版,2009,49(5):193-199.
[10]刘巨钦.现代企业组织设计[M].上海:上海三联书店,2007.
[11]李彬.从“固定报酬”到“变动报酬”——论日本公司经营者激励机制改革[M]//日本经济与中日经贸关系发展报告(2010).北京:社会科学文献出版社,2010.
[12]杨柳勇,王琰.韩国金融危机后以财阀为主的公司治理改革[J].浙江金融,2005(5):16-18.
[13]ORNATOWSKI G K,TEAM L Y.The end of Japanesestyle human resource management?[J].Sloan management review,1998,39(3):73-84.
[14]李志,杨帆,郎福臣.国内企业经营者薪酬激励研究述评[J].重庆大学学报:社会科学版,2005,11(4):124-126.
[15]赵东荣,乔均.政府与企业关系研究[M].成都:西南财经大学出版社,2000.
[16]秦嗣毅.日本产业政策的演变及特点[J].东北亚论坛,2003,3(2):68-71.
[17]公正取引委员会事务所.日本六大企业集团的实态[M].日本:东洋经济新报社,1994.
[18]钟坚.韩国大企业发展模式的历史反思与制度分析[J].深圳大学学报,2010,18(5):76-83.
[19]宋尚龙.世界500强企业提升企业核心竞争力的经验及启示[J].经济纵横,2010(2):93-96.
①数据来源于中国企业在线购并网。
②韩国公正交易委员会:《公正交易白皮书2011》,P295.
③数据来源于ZDNET网站发布的2011全球IT企业研发投入排行榜。
[2]GUILLéN M F,GARCíA-CANAL E.The American model of the multinational firm and the“new”multinationals from emerging economies[J].The Academy of Management Perspectives,2009,23(2):23-35.
[3]孙执中.荣衰论——战后日本经济史(1945-2004)[M].北京:人民出版社,2006.
[4]赵旭梅,夏占友.日本企业集团的金融制度[M].上海:对外经济贸易大学出版社,2006.
[5]孙世春.日本企业集团模式转型与体制转轨[J].经济研究,2010(3):19-23.
[6]张汉林,蔡春华.韩国规划改革——经济合作和发展组织考察报告[M].上海:上海财经大学出版社,2007.
[7]盛毅.中国企业集团发展的理论与实践[M].北京:人民出版社,2010.
[8]北京交通大学中国企业兼并重组研究中心.中国企业并购年鉴2010[M].北京:中国经济出版社,2011.
[9]郑国坚,魏明海.控股股东内部市场的形成机制研究[J].中山大学学报:社会科学版,2009,49(5):193-199.
[10]刘巨钦.现代企业组织设计[M].上海:上海三联书店,2007.
[11]李彬.从“固定报酬”到“变动报酬”——论日本公司经营者激励机制改革[M]//日本经济与中日经贸关系发展报告(2010).北京:社会科学文献出版社,2010.
[12]杨柳勇,王琰.韩国金融危机后以财阀为主的公司治理改革[J].浙江金融,2005(5):16-18.
[13]ORNATOWSKI G K,TEAM L Y.The end of Japanesestyle human resource management?[J].Sloan management review,1998,39(3):73-84.
[14]李志,杨帆,郎福臣.国内企业经营者薪酬激励研究述评[J].重庆大学学报:社会科学版,2005,11(4):124-126.
[15]赵东荣,乔均.政府与企业关系研究[M].成都:西南财经大学出版社,2000.
[16]秦嗣毅.日本产业政策的演变及特点[J].东北亚论坛,2003,3(2):68-71.
[17]公正取引委员会事务所.日本六大企业集团的实态[M].日本:东洋经济新报社,1994.
[18]钟坚.韩国大企业发展模式的历史反思与制度分析[J].深圳大学学报,2010,18(5):76-83.
[19]宋尚龙.世界500强企业提升企业核心竞争力的经验及启示[J].经济纵横,2010(2):93-96.
①数据来源于中国企业在线购并网。
②韩国公正交易委员会:《公正交易白皮书2011》,P295.
③数据来源于ZDNET网站发布的2011全球IT企业研发投入排行榜。