渝东南地区含锰岩系沉积地球化学特征及成因机制
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摘要
渝东南"大塘坡式"锰矿形成于Marinoan冰期和Sturtian冰期的间冰期,是在扬子地块东南缘"堑-垒"式陆缘沉积盆地背景上发育的多阶段、多成因沉积型菱锰矿,成锰期明显受大地构造活动、岩浆作用(火山作用)、"黑烟窗"等热事件影响;且与Rodinia超大陆裂解导致的裂谷盆地成矿作用关系密切。冰期转换、裂谷盆地作用及锰成矿作用三者间的耦合关系明显,并呈现显著相关的沉积地球化学特征。对渝东南不同矿区、不同产状的锰矿及其围岩样品进行的相关Mn/Fe、(Fe+Mn)/Ti、Ba/Sr、U/Th、Y/Ho、SiO2/Al2O3、Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)比值分析和Co/Zn-(Co+Ni+Cu)、La/Yb-ΣREE、La/Yb-Ce/La、lgTh-lgU、La-Ce、lgTh-lgU、(Cu+Ni+Co)×10-Fe-Mn等图解分析,均指示成锰物质的深部来源,成矿受热水影响显著;此外,样品富集As、Sb、Sr、Mo、Ag、Ba、Th、U等热水沉积标识元素。锰矿样品稀土总量平均值为159×10-6,明显高于正常海相沉积阶段形成的菱锰矿稀土总量(19×10-6)。锰矿样品V/(V+Ni)、V/Cr、Ce/La、lgCe/Ce*指示锰矿形成于缺氧环境;Mo、U等氧化-还原敏感元素富集。成锰盆地的氧化-还原条件制约着锰矿的形成,且成矿过程是沉积、成岩、后生不同阶段矿物相转化的综合结果。锰矿成矿可分为三阶段:第一阶段为沉积期分层性海水上部氧化带MnO2沉淀物富集;第二阶段为沉积期周期性短暂的富氧底流将MnO2沉淀物带入盆地底部沉积;第三阶段为准同生-成岩期,MnO2在缺氧环境中的厌氧细菌或硫酸盐细菌作用下还原为Mn2+,同时产生OH-使底层海水或海底沉积物孔隙流体碱度升高,形成原生菱锰矿及(含)锰碳酸盐沉积物,经成岩作用进一步形成菱锰矿。
The"Datangpo-type"manganese deposit in southeast Chongqing formed during the interglacial period between Marinoan ice age and Sturtian ice age.It is a multi-stage,polygenetic sedimentary rhodochrosite deposit formed in the graben-horst type continental margin sedimentary basin in the southeastern margin of the Yangtze block.The ore-forming period was obviously influenced by thermal events,such as tectonic activity,magmatic activity(volcanism)and"black smoke window",and closely related to the mineralization of the rift basin caused by the Rodinia supercontinent breakup.There is a distinct coupling relationship among glacial transition,rift basin and manganese mineralization,which also presents typical features of sedimentary geochemistry.This study carried out detailed geochemical analyses on samples of Mn-bearing ores and surrounding rock samples from different mining areas and different occurrences in the study area.The geochemical diagrams indicate that ore-forming material sourced from the deep area and mineralization was affected by hydrothermal fluids.In addition,the samples are enriched in As,Sb,Sr,Mo,Ag,Ba,Th,U and other hydrothermal fluid deposition markers.The average value ofΣREE in,anoxic environment and is enriched in Mo,U and other oxidation-reduction sensitive elements.The oxidation-reduction condition of the manganese-forming basin controls the formation condition of manganese ore and the metallogenic process is a comprehensive result of the transformation of mineral phases in different stages of sedimentary,diagenetic and epigenetic stages.The formation of manganeseupper oxidation zone of the stratified sea water in the sedimentary period.The second stage was periodicto Mn2+in an anoxic environment under the action of anaerobic bacteria or sulfate bacteria.At the same time,OH-generated increases alkalinities of seawater at the bottom and pore fluid of seabed sediments,forming primary manganese ore deposit and Mn-bearing carbonate sediments,which were further formed into manganese ore by the diagenesis.
The"Datangpo-type"manganese deposit in southeast Chongqing formed during the interglacial period between Marinoan ice age and Sturtian ice age.It is a multi-stage,polygenetic sedimentary rhodochrosite deposit formed in the graben-horst type continental margin sedimentary basin in the southeastern margin of the Yangtze block.The ore-forming period was obviously influenced by thermal events,such as tectonic activity,magmatic activity(volcanism)and"black smoke window",and closely related to the mineralization of the rift basin caused by the Rodinia supercontinent breakup.There is a distinct coupling relationship among glacial transition,rift basin and manganese mineralization,which also presents typical features of sedimentary geochemistry.This study carried out detailed geochemical analyses on samples of Mn-bearing ores and surrounding rock samples from different mining areas and different occurrences in the study area.The geochemical diagrams indicate that ore-forming material sourced from the deep area and mineralization was affected by hydrothermal fluids.In addition,the samples are enriched in As,Sb,Sr,Mo,Ag,Ba,Th,U and other hydrothermal fluid deposition markers.The average value ofΣREE in,anoxic environment and is enriched in Mo,U and other oxidation-reduction sensitive elements.The oxidation-reduction condition of the manganese-forming basin controls the formation condition of manganese ore and the metallogenic process is a comprehensive result of the transformation of mineral phases in different stages of sedimentary,diagenetic and epigenetic stages.The formation of manganeseupper oxidation zone of the stratified sea water in the sedimentary period.The second stage was periodicto Mn2+in an anoxic environment under the action of anaerobic bacteria or sulfate bacteria.At the same time,OH-generated increases alkalinities of seawater at the bottom and pore fluid of seabed sediments,forming primary manganese ore deposit and Mn-bearing carbonate sediments,which were further formed into manganese ore by the diagenesis.
引文
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