单洞双线铁路隧道火灾人员疏散安全性分析
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摘要
为了分析单洞双线铁路隧道火灾人员疏散安全性,基于单洞双线铁路隧道结构特点,分析不同火灾场景下人员疏散模式,利用火灾动力学模拟软件FDS,建立隧道火灾模型,分别研究火源位于车头和列车中部车厢内时可用安全疏散时间。利用Pathfinder软件,模拟人员折返路线与不同疏散口间距下人员疏散过程,分析必需安全疏散时间及其影响因素。研究结果表明:隧道发生火灾时,人员可用安全疏散时间与火源位置有关,必需安全疏散时间受疏散总人数、疏散口选择、疏散口间距等因素影响很大。在设计隧道疏散系统时,可通过减小疏散口间距和设置明显的疏散设施指示标识,减少人员疏散所用时间。
In order to analyze the safety of personnel evacuation in the fire of single-hole double-line railway tunnel,based on the structural characteristics of single-hole double-line railway tunnel,the modes of personnel evacuation under different fire scenarios were analyzed. A model of tunnel fire was established by using the fire dynamics simulation software FDS,and the available safety evacuation time when the fire source was located at the head compartment and central compartment of train was studied respectively. The Pathfinder software was used to simulate the personnel turn-back route and the personnel evacuation process under different distances between evacuation exits,and the required safety evacuation time as well as its influencing factors were analyzed. The results showed that the available safety evacuation time during a tunnel fire was related to the location of fire source. The required safety evacuation time was greatly affected by the total number of evacuees,the selection of evacuation exits,and the distance between evacuation exits. When designing the tunnel evacuation system,the time of personnel evacuation can be shortened by reducing the distance between evacuation exits and setting the obvious indication signs of evacuation facilities.
In order to analyze the safety of personnel evacuation in the fire of single-hole double-line railway tunnel,based on the structural characteristics of single-hole double-line railway tunnel,the modes of personnel evacuation under different fire scenarios were analyzed. A model of tunnel fire was established by using the fire dynamics simulation software FDS,and the available safety evacuation time when the fire source was located at the head compartment and central compartment of train was studied respectively. The Pathfinder software was used to simulate the personnel turn-back route and the personnel evacuation process under different distances between evacuation exits,and the required safety evacuation time as well as its influencing factors were analyzed. The results showed that the available safety evacuation time during a tunnel fire was related to the location of fire source. The required safety evacuation time was greatly affected by the total number of evacuees,the selection of evacuation exits,and the distance between evacuation exits. When designing the tunnel evacuation system,the time of personnel evacuation can be shortened by reducing the distance between evacuation exits and setting the obvious indication signs of evacuation facilities.
引文
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[4]茅为中,张念.铁路隧道火灾预防及救援探讨[J].隧道建设,2010(1):20-23.MAO Weizhong,ZHANG Nian. Study of fire prevention and passenger rescue of railway tunnels[J]. Tunnel Construction,2010(1):20-23.
[5]胡丽娟,姚加林,郑亮.基于netlogo的地铁车站人员紧急疏散仿真研究[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2017,14(12):2731-2738.HU Lijuan,YAO Jialin,ZHENG Liang. Emergency evacuation simulation for pedestrians at metro station by Net Logo[J]. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2017,14(12):2731-2738.
[6] FRIDOLF K,NILSSON D,FRANTZICH H. Evacuation of a metro train in an underground rail transportation system:Flow rate capacity of train exits,tunnel walking speeds and exit choice[J]. Fire Technology,2016,52:1481-1518.
[7] RONCHI E,GWYNNE S M,PURSER D A,et al. The impact of smoke on walking speed[J]. Fire&Materials,2015,38(7):744-759.
[8] CHEN Junmin,WANG Jianyu,WANG Beibei,LIU Rong,WANG Qingsheng. An experimental study of visibility effect on evacuation speed on stairs[J]. Fire Safety Journal,2018,96:189-202.
[9] SEIKE M,KAWABATA N,HASEGAWA M. Evacuation speed in full-scale darkened tunnel filled with smoke[J]. Fire Safety Journal,2017,91:901-907.
[10] RONCHI E,FRIDOLF K,FRANTZICH H,et al. A tunnel evacuation experiment on movement speed and exit choice in smoke[J].Fire Safety Journal,2018,97:126-136.
[11] KARL F. Rail tunnel evacuation[D]Lund:Lund University,2015.
[12]黄文昕.轨道交通单洞双线类隧道人员疏散问题的探讨[J].地下工程与隧道,2015(4):10-13,18,57.HUANG Wenxin. Discussion on the evacuation of people in doubleline single-hole railway tunnel[J]. Underground Engineering and Tunnels,2015(4):10-13,18,57.
[13]李冬,苏燕辰,田鑫,等. B型地铁列车火灾安全疏散性能研究[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2016,13(8),1613-1617.LI Dong,SU Yanchen,TIAN Xin,et al. Research on the evacuation performance of B-type subway train in the condition of fire disaster[J]. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2016,13(8),1613-1617.
[14]李修柏.特长高速铁路隧道火灾人员疏散研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2013.
[15]谢宝超,徐志胜.客运专线隧道火灾疏散研究[J].铁道学报,2013,35(8):102-108.XIE Baochao,XU Zhisheng. Fire evacuation in passenger dedicated line tunnel[J]. Journal of the China Railway Society,2013,35(8):102-108.
[16]丁良平.高速铁路长大隧道列车火灾安全疏散研究[D].上海:同济大学,2008.