Biochar Combined with Vermicompost Increases Crop Production While Reducing Ammonia and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from a Paddy Soil
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摘要
Organic amendments such as vermicompost and biochar have been reported to enhance soil fertility and crop productivity.However, whether the co-application of both amendments has synergistic effects or whether such benefits are accompanied by the risk of gaseous nitrogen(N) loss in an agroecosystem remains unknown. A soil column experiment with a fully factorial design was conducted using three levels of vermicompost(no dose, low dose(1%, weight:weight), and high dose(3%, weight:weight)) without or with biochar(1%, weight:weight) to investigate their effects on rice growth and gaseous N loss across the crop growing season. Our results demonstrated that synergistic interactions existed between vermicompost and biochar in promoting crop yield. Compared with biochar amendment alone, biochar combined with vermicompost significantly(P < 0.01) increased rice yield by 26.5%–35.3%. However,high dose of vermicompost significantly(P < 0.01) increased the cumulative ammonia(NH_3) and nitrous oxide(N_2O) emissions. In the presence of vermicompost, the incorporation of biochar amendment significantly(P < 0.01) decreased the cumulative N_2O emission by 14.1%–18.6%. The lowest emission factor value of NH_3 and N_2O was achieved using biochar in combination with low dose of vermicompost. This study revealed that the combination of biochar and moderate dose of vermicompost offers a novel approach to promote crop productivity while reducing the environmental risk.
Organic amendments such as vermicompost and biochar have been reported to enhance soil fertility and crop productivity.However, whether the co-application of both amendments has synergistic effects or whether such benefits are accompanied by the risk of gaseous nitrogen(N) loss in an agroecosystem remains unknown. A soil column experiment with a fully factorial design was conducted using three levels of vermicompost(no dose, low dose(1%, weight:weight), and high dose(3%, weight:weight)) without or with biochar(1%, weight:weight) to investigate their effects on rice growth and gaseous N loss across the crop growing season. Our results demonstrated that synergistic interactions existed between vermicompost and biochar in promoting crop yield. Compared with biochar amendment alone, biochar combined with vermicompost significantly(P < 0.01) increased rice yield by 26.5%–35.3%. However,high dose of vermicompost significantly(P < 0.01) increased the cumulative ammonia(NH_3) and nitrous oxide(N_2O) emissions. In the presence of vermicompost, the incorporation of biochar amendment significantly(P < 0.01) decreased the cumulative N_2O emission by 14.1%–18.6%. The lowest emission factor value of NH_3 and N_2O was achieved using biochar in combination with low dose of vermicompost. This study revealed that the combination of biochar and moderate dose of vermicompost offers a novel approach to promote crop productivity while reducing the environmental risk.
Organic amendments such as vermicompost and biochar have been reported to enhance soil fertility and crop productivity.However, whether the co-application of both amendments has synergistic effects or whether such benefits are accompanied by the risk of gaseous nitrogen(N) loss in an agroecosystem remains unknown. A soil column experiment with a fully factorial design was conducted using three levels of vermicompost(no dose, low dose(1%, weight:weight), and high dose(3%, weight:weight)) without or with biochar(1%, weight:weight) to investigate their effects on rice growth and gaseous N loss across the crop growing season. Our results demonstrated that synergistic interactions existed between vermicompost and biochar in promoting crop yield. Compared with biochar amendment alone, biochar combined with vermicompost significantly(P < 0.01) increased rice yield by 26.5%–35.3%. However,high dose of vermicompost significantly(P < 0.01) increased the cumulative ammonia(NH_3) and nitrous oxide(N_2O) emissions. In the presence of vermicompost, the incorporation of biochar amendment significantly(P < 0.01) decreased the cumulative N_2O emission by 14.1%–18.6%. The lowest emission factor value of NH_3 and N_2O was achieved using biochar in combination with low dose of vermicompost. This study revealed that the combination of biochar and moderate dose of vermicompost offers a novel approach to promote crop productivity while reducing the environmental risk.
引文
Agegnehu G,Bass A M,Nelson P N,Bird M I.2016.Benefits of biochar,compost and biochar-compost for soil quality,maize yield and greenhouse gas emissions in a tropical agricultural soil.Sci Total Environ.543:295-306.
Agegnehu G,Srivastava A K,Bird M I.2017.The role of biochar and biochar-compost in improving soil quality and crop performance:A review.Appl Soil Ecol.119:156-170.
lvarez-Bernal D,Contreras-Ramos S M,Montes-Molina J A,van Cleemput O,Dendooven L.2009.Emission of N2O from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated soil at different water contents added with vermicompost.Compost Sci Util.17:48-54.
Arancon N Q,Edwards C A.2011.The use of vermicomposts as soil amendments for production of field crops.In Edwards C A,Arancon N Q,Sherman R L(eds.)Vermiculture Technology:Earthworms,Organic Wastes,and Environmental Management.CRC Press,Boca Raton.pp.129-151.
Bass A M,Bird M I,Kay G,Muirhead B.2016.Soil properties,greenhouse gas emissions and crop yield under compost,biochar and co-composted biochar in two tropical agronomic systems.Sci Total Environ.550:459-470.
Bender S F,Wagg C,van der Heijden M G A.2016.An underground revolution:Biodiversity and soil ecological engineering for agricultural sustainability.Trends Ecol Evol.31:440-452.
Beuning J D,Pattey E,Edwards G,van Heyst B.2008.Improved temporal resolution in process-based modelling of agricultural soil ammonia emissions.Atmos Environ.42:3253-3265.
Biederman L A,Harpole W S.2013.Biochar and its effects on plant productivity and nutrient cycling:A meta-analysis.GCB Bioenerg.5:202-214.
Bouwman A F,Boumans L J M,Batjes N H.2002.Estimation of global NH3 volatilization loss from synthetic fertilizers and animal manure applied to arable lands and grasslands.Glob Biogeochem Cycle.16:1024.
Brookes P C,Landman A,Pruden G,Jenkinson D S.1985.Chloroform fumigation and the release of soil nitrogen:A rapid direct extraction method to measure microbial biomass nitrogen in soil.Soil Biol Biochem.17:837-842.
Broz A P,Verma P O,Appel C.2016.Nitrogen dynamics of vermicompost use in sustainable agriculture.J Soil Sci Environ Manage.7:173-183.
Butterbach-Bahl K,Baggs E M,Dannenmann M,Kiese R,Zechmeister-Boltenstern S.2013.Nitrous oxide emissions from soils:How well do we understand the processes and their controls?Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci.368:20130122.
Cayuela M L,S′anchez-Monedero M A,Roig A,Hanley K,Enders A,Lehmann J.2013.Biochar and denitrification in soils:When,how much and why does biochar reduce N2O emissions?Sci Rep.3:1732.
Cayuela M L,van Zwieten L,Singh B P,Jeffery S,Roig A,S′anchez-Monedero M A.2014.Biochar’s role in mitigating soil nitrous oxide emissions:A review and meta-analysis.Agric Ecosyst Environ.191:5-16.
Chen W,Liao X D,Wu Y B,Liang J B,Mi J D,Huang J J,Zhang H,Wu Y,Qiao Z F,Li X,Wang Y.2017.Effects of different types of biochar on methane and ammonia mitigation during layer manure composting.Waste Manage.61:506-515.
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Doan T T,Henry-des-Tureaux T,Rumpel C,Janeau J L,Jouquet P.2015.Impact of compost,vermicompost and biochar on soil fertility,maize yield and soil erosion in northern Vietnam:A three year mesocosm experiment.Sci Total Environ.514:147-154.
Fan C H,Chen H,Li B,Xiong Z Q.2017.Biochar reduces yieldscaled emissions of reactive nitrogen gases from vegetable soils across China.Biogeosciences.14:2851-2863.
Feng Y F,Sun H J,Xue L H,Liu Y,Gao Q,Lu K P,Yang LZ.2017.Biochar applied at an appropriate rate can avoid increasing NH3 volatilization dramatically in rice paddy soil.Chemosphere.168:1277-1284.
Gomez E,Ferreras L,Toresani S.2006.Soil bacterial functional diversity as influenced by organic amendment application.Bioresour Technol.97:1484-1489.
Goswami L,Nath A,Sutradhar S,Bhattacharya S S,Kalamdhad A,Vellingiri K,Kim K H.2017.Application of drum compost and vermicompost to improve soil health,growth,and yield parameters for tomato and cabbage plants.J Environ Manage.200:243-252.
Gul S,Whalen J K,Thomas B W,Sachdeva V,Deng H Y.2015.Physico-chemical properties and microbial responses in biochar-amended soils:Mechanisms and future directions.Agric Ecosyst Environ.206:46-59.
Harter J,Krause H M,Schuettler S,Ruser R,Fromme M,Scholten T,Kappler A,Behrens S.2014.Linking N2O emissions from biochar-amended soil to the structure and function of the N-cycling microbial community.ISME J.8:660-674.
He Y H,Zhou X H,Jiang L L,Li M,Du Z G,Zhou G Y,Shao J J,Wang X H,Xu Z H,Hosseini Bai S,Wallace H,Xu CY.2016.Effects of biochar application on soil greenhouse gas fluxes:A meta-analysis.GCB Bioenergy.9:743-755.
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Jouquet E P,Bloquel E,Doan T T,Ricoy M,Orange D,Rumpel C,Duc T T.2011.Do compost and vermicompost improve macronutrient retention and plant growth in degraded tropical soils?Compost Sci Util.19:15-24.
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Beuning J D,Pattey E,Edwards G,van Heyst B.2008.Improved temporal resolution in process-based modelling of agricultural soil ammonia emissions.Atmos Environ.42:3253-3265.
Biederman L A,Harpole W S.2013.Biochar and its effects on plant productivity and nutrient cycling:A meta-analysis.GCB Bioenerg.5:202-214.
Bouwman A F,Boumans L J M,Batjes N H.2002.Estimation of global NH3 volatilization loss from synthetic fertilizers and animal manure applied to arable lands and grasslands.Glob Biogeochem Cycle.16:1024.
Brookes P C,Landman A,Pruden G,Jenkinson D S.1985.Chloroform fumigation and the release of soil nitrogen:A rapid direct extraction method to measure microbial biomass nitrogen in soil.Soil Biol Biochem.17:837-842.
Broz A P,Verma P O,Appel C.2016.Nitrogen dynamics of vermicompost use in sustainable agriculture.J Soil Sci Environ Manage.7:173-183.
Butterbach-Bahl K,Baggs E M,Dannenmann M,Kiese R,Zechmeister-Boltenstern S.2013.Nitrous oxide emissions from soils:How well do we understand the processes and their controls?Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci.368:20130122.
Cayuela M L,S′anchez-Monedero M A,Roig A,Hanley K,Enders A,Lehmann J.2013.Biochar and denitrification in soils:When,how much and why does biochar reduce N2O emissions?Sci Rep.3:1732.
Cayuela M L,van Zwieten L,Singh B P,Jeffery S,Roig A,S′anchez-Monedero M A.2014.Biochar’s role in mitigating soil nitrous oxide emissions:A review and meta-analysis.Agric Ecosyst Environ.191:5-16.
Chen W,Liao X D,Wu Y B,Liang J B,Mi J D,Huang J J,Zhang H,Wu Y,Qiao Z F,Li X,Wang Y.2017.Effects of different types of biochar on methane and ammonia mitigation during layer manure composting.Waste Manage.61:506-515.
Ch`eneby D,Hartmann A,H′enault C,Topp E,Germon J.1998.Diversity of denitrifying microflora and ability to reduce N2O in two soils.Biol Fertil Soils.28:19-26.
de Vries F T,Th′ebault E,Liiri M,Birkhofer K,Tsiafouli M A,Bj?rnlund L,J?rgensen H B,Brady M V,Christensen S,de Ruiter P C,d’Hertefeldt T,Frouz J,Hedlund K,Hemerik L,Gera Hol W H,Hotes S,MortimerS R,Set¨al¨a H,Sgardelis SP,Uteseny K,van der Putten W H,Wolters V,Bardgett ED.2013.Soil food web properties explain ecosystem services across European land use systems.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.110:14296-14301.
Doan T T,Bouvier C,Bettarel Y,Bouvier T,Henry-des-Tureaux T,Janeau J L,Lamballe P,van Nguyen B,Jouquet P.2014.Influence of buffalo manure,compost,vermicompost and biochar amendments on bacterial and viral communities in soil and adjacent aquatic systems.Appl Soil Ecol.73:78-86.
Doan T T,Henry-des-Tureaux T,Rumpel C,Janeau J L,Jouquet P.2015.Impact of compost,vermicompost and biochar on soil fertility,maize yield and soil erosion in northern Vietnam:A three year mesocosm experiment.Sci Total Environ.514:147-154.
Fan C H,Chen H,Li B,Xiong Z Q.2017.Biochar reduces yieldscaled emissions of reactive nitrogen gases from vegetable soils across China.Biogeosciences.14:2851-2863.
Feng Y F,Sun H J,Xue L H,Liu Y,Gao Q,Lu K P,Yang LZ.2017.Biochar applied at an appropriate rate can avoid increasing NH3 volatilization dramatically in rice paddy soil.Chemosphere.168:1277-1284.
Gomez E,Ferreras L,Toresani S.2006.Soil bacterial functional diversity as influenced by organic amendment application.Bioresour Technol.97:1484-1489.
Goswami L,Nath A,Sutradhar S,Bhattacharya S S,Kalamdhad A,Vellingiri K,Kim K H.2017.Application of drum compost and vermicompost to improve soil health,growth,and yield parameters for tomato and cabbage plants.J Environ Manage.200:243-252.
Gul S,Whalen J K,Thomas B W,Sachdeva V,Deng H Y.2015.Physico-chemical properties and microbial responses in biochar-amended soils:Mechanisms and future directions.Agric Ecosyst Environ.206:46-59.
Harter J,Krause H M,Schuettler S,Ruser R,Fromme M,Scholten T,Kappler A,Behrens S.2014.Linking N2O emissions from biochar-amended soil to the structure and function of the N-cycling microbial community.ISME J.8:660-674.
He Y H,Zhou X H,Jiang L L,Li M,Du Z G,Zhou G Y,Shao J J,Wang X H,Xu Z H,Hosseini Bai S,Wallace H,Xu CY.2016.Effects of biochar application on soil greenhouse gas fluxes:A meta-analysis.GCB Bioenergy.9:743-755.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC).2014.Climate Change 2013:The Physical Science Basis:Working Group I Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the IPCC.Cambridge University Press,Cambridge.
Jeffery S,Verheijen F G A,van der Velde M,Bastos A C.2011.Aquantitative review of the effects of biochar application to soils on crop productivity using meta-analysis.Agric Ecosyst Environ.144:175-187.
Jouquet E P,Bloquel E,Doan T T,Ricoy M,Orange D,Rumpel C,Duc T T.2011.Do compost and vermicompost improve macronutrient retention and plant growth in degraded tropical soils?Compost Sci Util.19:15-24.
Ju X T,Xing G X,Chen X P,Zhang S L,Zhang L J,Liu X J,Cui Z L,Yin B,Christie P,Zhu Z L,Zhang F S.2009.Reducing environmental risk by improving N management in intensive Chinese agricultural systems.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.106:3041-3046.
Kalra A,Shukla S,Singh R,Verma R K,Chandra M,Singh S,Tomar V K S,Krishna A,Zaim M,Ram G,Chand S,Patra D D.2013.Contribution and assessment of recycled menthol mint vermicompost on productivity and soil quality in mint and mint-rice-wheat rotation:A case study.Renew Agr Food Syst.28:212-219.
Khalil K,Mary B,Renault P.2004.Nitrous oxide production by nitrification and denitrification in soil aggregates as affected by O2 concentration.Soil Biol Biochem.36:687-699.
Lehmann J,Rillig M C,Thies J,Masiello C A,Hockaday W C,Crowley D.2011.Biochar effects on soil biota-A review.Soil Biol Biochem.43:1812-1836.
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