多相电机容错控制及其关键技术综述
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摘要
近年来,多相电机由于具有控制自由度高、可靠性高的优点在很多对可靠性要求较高的场合得到了越来越多的关注。电机故障后不改变硬件电路,仅通过控制算法实现无扰运行已经成为国内外学者的研究热点。该文分析20多年来多相电机容错控制的研究成果,将目前主要的容错控制算法分为转矩脉动最小为原则与故障前后磁动势不变为原则二大类。分别分析每类方法中的典型控制策略及研究重点;讨论各类控制算法的优缺点;介绍各类容错控制研究现状。随后,简要介绍多相发电机的容错控制研究。最后,对多相电机容错控制技术进行总结和展望。
In recent years, due to the advantages of improved control dimensions and high reliability, the multiphase machines have attracted wide attention in high-reliability applications. Undisturbed operation through control algorithm without changing the hardware circuit in the case of phase failure is the fast-growing research hotspots for domestic and foreign scholars. This paper analyzed fault-tolerant control of multi-phase machines which has been carried out in this field during the past 20 years. The main fault-tolerant control algorithms were classified into two major types, namely keeping the torque ripple minimum and keeping the magnetic motive force unchanged. The typical control strategies and key technologies of each method were analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of each method were investigated. Furthermore, the research states of each method were conducted. Then, the fault-tolerant control of multiphase generator was introduced briefly. Finally, the fault-tolerant control technology of multiphase machine was summarized and prospected.
In recent years, due to the advantages of improved control dimensions and high reliability, the multiphase machines have attracted wide attention in high-reliability applications. Undisturbed operation through control algorithm without changing the hardware circuit in the case of phase failure is the fast-growing research hotspots for domestic and foreign scholars. This paper analyzed fault-tolerant control of multi-phase machines which has been carried out in this field during the past 20 years. The main fault-tolerant control algorithms were classified into two major types, namely keeping the torque ripple minimum and keeping the magnetic motive force unchanged. The typical control strategies and key technologies of each method were analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of each method were investigated. Furthermore, the research states of each method were conducted. Then, the fault-tolerant control of multiphase generator was introduced briefly. Finally, the fault-tolerant control technology of multiphase machine was summarized and prospected.
引文
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[2]郑晓钦,马伟明,王东,等.十五相感应电机不对称缺相容错运行控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(4):1212-1221.Zheng Xiaoqin,Ma Weiming,Wang Dong,et al.Fault-tolerant control of fifteen-phase Induction machine under asymmetrical fault condition[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(4):1212-1221(in Chinese).
[3]Ifedi C J,Mecrow B C,Brockway S T M,et al.Fault-tolerant in-wheel motor topologies for high-performance electric vehicles[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2013,49(3):1249-1257.
[4]王政,陈健,程明.多通道并联逆变器馈电永磁同步电机系统谐波性能改进及容错控制[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(2):50-57.Wang Zheng,Chen Jian,Cheng Ming.Harmonics performance improvement and fault tolerant control for multiple-channel paralleled inverter fed PMSM drives[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(2):50-57(in Chinese).
[5]Welchko B A,Lipo T A,Jahns T M,et al.Fault tolerant three-phase AC motor drive topologies:a comparison of features,cost,and limitations[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2004,19(4):1108-1116.
[6]Duran M J,Barrero F.Recent advances in the design,modeling,and control of multiphase machines-part II[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2016,63(1):459-468.
[7]Levi E.Advances in converter control and innovative exploitation of additional degrees of freedom for multiphase machines[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2016,63(1):433-448.
[8]Zhao Yifan,Lipo T A.Space vector PWM control of dual three-phase induction machine using vector space decomposition[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1995,31(5):1100-1109.
[9]刘自程,李永东,郑泽东.多相电机控制驱动技术研究综述[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(24):17-29.Liu Zicheng,Li Yongdong,Zheng Zedong.Control and drive techniques for multiphase machines:a review[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(24):17-29(in Chinese).
[10]王学庆,王政,程明.T型三电平逆变器馈电双三相PMSM直接转矩控制[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(S1):116-123.Wang Xueqing,Wang Zheng,Cheng Ming.Direct torque control of T-type three-level inverter fed dual three-phase PMSM drives[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,32(S1):116-123(in Chinese).
[11]朱鹏,张晓锋,乔鸣忠,等.五相集中整距绕组感应电机缺相容错控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(33):131-137.Zhu Peng,Zhang Xiaofeng,Qiao Mingzhong,et al.Tolerant control strategy for five-phase concentrated full-pitch windings induction motor under open phases fault[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(33):131-137(in Chinese).
[12]Wang Zheng,Wang Yibo,Chen Jian,et al.Fault-tolerant control of NPC three-level inverters-fed double-statorwinding PMSM drives based on vector space decomposition[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2017,64(11):8446-8458.
[13]Jiang Xuefeng,Huang Wenxin,Cao Ruiwu,et al.Electric drive system of dual-winding fault-tolerant permanent-magnet motor for aerospace applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2015,62(12):7322-7330.
[14]刘自程,郑泽东,彭凌,等.船舶电力推进中十五相感应电机同轴运行及容错控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(3):65-74.Liu Zicheng,Zheng Zedong,Peng Ling,et al.Fixed joint double fifteen-phase induction motor control and fault-tolerant control in ship propulsion system[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(3):65-74(in Chinese).
[15]Wang Bo,Wang Jiabin,Griffo A,et al.Experimental assessments of a triple redundant nine-phase fault-tolerant PMA SynRM drive[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2019,66(1):772-783.
[16]赵文祥,唐建勋,吉敬华,等.五相容错式磁通切换永磁电机及其控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(5):1229-1236.Zhao Wenxiang,Tang Jianxun,Ji Jinghua,et al.Topology and control of five-phase fault-tolerant flux-switching permanent-magnet motor[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(5):1229-1236(in Chinese).
[17]Yu Feng,Cheng Ming,Chau K T.Controllability and performance of a nine-phase FSPM motor under Severe five open-phase fault conditions[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2016,31(1):323-332.
[18]Fu J R,Lipo T A.Disturbance-free operation of a multiphase current-regulated motor drive with an opened phase[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1994,30(5):1267-1274.
[19]Zhao Y,Lipo T A.Modeling and control of a multi-phase induction machine with structural unbalance[J].IEEETransactions on Energy Conversion,1996,11(3):570-577.
[20]Wang Jiabin,Atallah K,Howe D.Optimal torque control of fault-tolerant permanent magnet brushless machines[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2003,39(5):2962-2964.
[21]Sun Zhigang,Wang Jiabin,Jewell G W,et al.Enhanced optimal torque control of fault-tolerant PM machine under flux-weakening operation[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2010,57(1):344-353.
[22]Sen B,Wang Jiabin.Stationary frame fault-tolerant current control of polyphase permanent-magnet machines under open-circuit and short-circuit faults[J].IEEETransactions on Power Electronics,2016,31(7):4684-4696.
[23]Dwari S,Parsa L.An optimal control technique for multiphase PM machines under open-circuit faults[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2008,55(5):1988-1995.
[24]Mohammadpour A,Sadeghi S,Parsa L.A generalized fault-tolerant control strategy for five-phase PM motor drives considering star,pentagon,and pentacle connections of stator windings[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2014,61(1):63-75.
[25]Mohammadpour A,Parsa L.Global Fault-tolerant control technique for multiphase permanent-magnet machines[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2015,51(1):178-186.
[26]Bianchi N,Bolognani S,Pre M D.Strategies for the fault-tolerant current control of a five-phase permanent-magnet motor[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2007,43(4):960-970.
[27]Dwari S,Parsa L.Fault-tolerant control of five-phase permanent-magnet motors with trapezoidal back EMF[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2011,58(2):476-485.
[28]Mohammadpour A,Parsa L.A unified fault-tolerant current control approach for five-phase PM motors with trapezoidal back EMF under different stator winding connections[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2013,28(7):3517-3527.
[29]Toliyat H A.Analysis and simulation of five-phase variable-speed induction motor drives under asymmetrical connections[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1998,13(4):748-756.
[30]Locment F,Semail E,Kestelyn X.Vectorial approach-based control of a seven-phase axial flux machine designed for fault operation[J].IEEETransactions on Industrial Electronics,2008,55(10):3682-3691.
[31]Tani A,Mengoni M,Zarr L,et al.Control of multiphase induction motors with an odd number of phases under open-circuit phase faults[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2012,27(2):565-577.
[32]Che H S,Duran M J,Levi E,et al.Postfault operation of an asymmetrical six-phase induction machine with single and two isolated neutral points[J].IEEETransactions on Power Electronics,2014,29(10):5406-5416.
[33]於锋,程明,夏子朋,等.3种谐波电流注入模式下的磁通切换永磁电机缺相容错控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(3):836-844.Yu Feng,Cheng Ming,Xia Zipeng,et al.Fault tolerant control of flux-switching permanent magnet motors with three kinds of harmonic current injections[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(3):836-844(in Chinese).
[34]周长攀,杨贵杰,苏健勇,等.基于正常解耦变换的双三相永磁同步电机缺相容错控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(3):86-96.Zhou Changpan,Yang Guijie,Su Jianyong,et al.The control strategy for dual three-phase PMSM based on normal decoupling transformation under fault condition due to open phases[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(3):86-96(in Chinese).
[35]Liu Guohai,Qu Li,Zhao Wenxiang,et al.Comparison of two SVPWM control strategies of five-phase fault-tolerant permanent-magnet motor[J].IEEETransactions on Power Electronics,2016,31(9):6621-6630.
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