致密储层体积压裂作用范围及裂缝分布模式——基于压裂后实际取心资料
|
摘要
体积压裂在地层中的有效作用范围和压裂缝特征是非常规油气勘探、开发非常关注的问题。本文依据长庆油田在鄂尔多斯盆地致密油试验区完钻的取心井岩心资料、测井资料和分析化验资料,对经大规模体积压裂后储层中产生的人工压裂缝进行了识别和表征,进而分析了致密储层体积压裂改造区人工裂缝发育特征,探讨了体积压裂的有效作用范围、压裂缝的空间分布等关键问题。观察结果表明,X233致密油试验区长7段体积压裂后油层段块状砂岩中发育长度0. 13 m近垂直的张性微裂缝,邻近长度1. 49m油层见大量层理缝顺层或斜交延伸,油气外渗显著,为压裂改造后形成的人工缝。综合分析认为,长7段致密油层体积压裂后,由有限数量的主缝、压裂影响形成的大量微裂缝及受压裂影响延伸或扩展的层理缝共同构成了改造后储层的裂缝特征;现阶段技术条件下,体积压裂改造区宏观裂缝网络扩展范围有限,微裂缝分布较广,油层剩余油饱和度依然很高,表明致密油藏体积压裂效果还有进一步优化的空间。
The extension and distribution of hydraulic fractures in stimulated reservoir volume( SRV) after volume fracturing are the key for unconventional oil and gas exploration and development. The artificial fractures created in reservoirs after volume fracturing were identified and characterized based on the actual coring data,logging data and laboratory data of the coring wells completed in the tight oil pilot area of the Ordos Basin. Subsequently,the development characteristics of artificial fractures in the simulated reservoir volume( SRV) were analyzed,and the effective extension and spatial distribution of the hydraulic fractures were discussed. The results show that under volume fracturing,the nearly vertical extensional mirco-fractures of 0. 13 m in length were created in the oil-bearing massive sandstones in the Chang 7 of the tight oil pilot zone X233,and many bedding-parallel or-crossing fractures were observed in oil layers about 1. 49 m away from the operational area. Hydrocarbon extravasation along these fractures is significant,indicating that they are the artificial fractures generated by fracturing. By comprehensive analysis,we found that a hydraulic fracture network consists of limited number of main fractures,a large number of micro-fractures generated and bedding-parallel fractures extended or expanded by fracturing. Meanwhile,the extension range of macro-fracture network in the SRV is limited,but the microfractures are widely developed,and the remaining oil saturation of the reservoir stays high,all of which indicate that there is still room to optimize the volume fracturing technology for tight oil reservoir.
The extension and distribution of hydraulic fractures in stimulated reservoir volume( SRV) after volume fracturing are the key for unconventional oil and gas exploration and development. The artificial fractures created in reservoirs after volume fracturing were identified and characterized based on the actual coring data,logging data and laboratory data of the coring wells completed in the tight oil pilot area of the Ordos Basin. Subsequently,the development characteristics of artificial fractures in the simulated reservoir volume( SRV) were analyzed,and the effective extension and spatial distribution of the hydraulic fractures were discussed. The results show that under volume fracturing,the nearly vertical extensional mirco-fractures of 0. 13 m in length were created in the oil-bearing massive sandstones in the Chang 7 of the tight oil pilot zone X233,and many bedding-parallel or-crossing fractures were observed in oil layers about 1. 49 m away from the operational area. Hydrocarbon extravasation along these fractures is significant,indicating that they are the artificial fractures generated by fracturing. By comprehensive analysis,we found that a hydraulic fracture network consists of limited number of main fractures,a large number of micro-fractures generated and bedding-parallel fractures extended or expanded by fracturing. Meanwhile,the extension range of macro-fracture network in the SRV is limited,but the microfractures are widely developed,and the remaining oil saturation of the reservoir stays high,all of which indicate that there is still room to optimize the volume fracturing technology for tight oil reservoir.
引文
[1]吴奇,胥云,刘玉章,等.美国页岩气体积改造技术现状及对我国的启示[J].石油钻采工艺,2011,33(2):1-7.Wu Qi,Xu Yun,Liu Yuzhang,et al. The current situation of stimulated reservoir volume for shale in U. S. and its inspiration to China[J]. Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2011,33(2):1-7.
[2]李宪文,张矿生,樊凤玲,等.鄂尔多斯盆地低压致密油层体积压裂探索研究及试验[J].石油天然气学报,2013,35(3):142-147.Li Xianwen,Zhang Kuangsheng,Fan Fengling,et al. Study and experiment on volumetric fracturing in low pressure tight formation of Ordos Basin[J]. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2013,35(3):142-147.
[3]赵金洲,任岚,沈骋,等.页岩气储层缝网压裂理论与技术研究新进展[J].天然气工业,2018,38(3):1-13.Zhao Jinzhou,Ren Lan,Shen Cheng,et al. Latest research progresses in network fracturing theories and technologies for shale gas reservoirs[J]. Natural Gas Industry,2018,38(3):1-13.
[4]陈作,薛承瑾,蒋廷学,等.页岩气井体积压裂技术在我国的应用建议[J].天然气工业,2010,30(10):30-32.Chen Zuo,Xue Chengjin,Jiang Tingxue,et al. Proposals for the application of fracturing by stimulated reservoir volume(SRV)in shale gas wells in China[J]. Natural Gas Industry,2010,30(10):30-32.
[5]傅成玉.非常规油气资源勘探开发[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2015.Fu Chengyu. Exploration and development for unconventional hydrocarbons[M]. Beijing:China Petrochemical Press,2015.
[6] Mayerhofer M J,Lolon E P,Warpingski N R,et al. What is stimulated Reservoir volume(SRV)[R]. SPE 119890,2008.
[7] Rickman R,Mullen M,Peter E,et al. A Practical use of shale petrophysics for stimulation design optimization:All shale plays are not clones of the Barnett[R]. SPE 115258,2008.
[8]商校森,丁云宏,卢拥军,等.一种页岩体积压裂复杂裂缝的量化表征[J].石油与天然气地质,2017,38(1):189-195.Shang Xiaosen,Ding Yunhong,Lu Yongjun,et al. Quantitative characterization of complex fractures after volume fracturing in shale[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2017,38(1):189-195.
[9]杜保健,程林松,曹仁义,等.致密油藏体积压裂水平井开发效果[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2014,33(1):96-102.Du Baojian,Cheng Linsong,Cao Renyi,et al. Development effects of the volumetric fracturing horizontal well in tight oil reservoirs[J].Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing,2014,33(1):96-102.
[10]张士诚,郭天魁,周彤,等.天然页岩压裂裂缝扩展机理试验[J].石油学报,2014,35(3):496-503.Zhang shicheng,Guo Tiankui,Zhou Tong,et al. Fracture propagation mechanism experiment of hydraulic fracturing in natural shale[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(3):496-503.
[11]付金华.鄂尔多斯盆地致密油勘探理论与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2018.Fu Jinhua. Exploration theory and technology of tight oil in Ordos Basin[M]. Beijing:China Science Press,2018.
[12]杨华,梁晓伟,牛小兵,冯胜斌,尤源.陆相致密油形成地质条件及富集主控因素———以鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7段为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2017,44(1):12-20.Yang Hua,Liang Xiaowei,Niu Xiaobing,et al. Geological conditions for continental tight oil formation and the main controlling factors for the enrichment:A case of Chang7 Member tight oil,Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation,Ordos Basin,NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(1):12-20.
[13]杨华,牛小兵,罗顺社,等.鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区长7段致密砂体重力流沉积模拟实验研究[J].地学前缘,2015,(3):322-332.Yang Hua,Niu Xiaobing,Luo Shunshe,et al. Research of simulated experiment on gravity flow deposits of tight sand bodies of Chang7formation in Longdong area,Ordos Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,2015,(3):322-332.
[14]付金华,喻建,徐黎明,等.鄂尔多斯盆地致密油勘探开发新进展及规模富集可开发主控因素[J].中国石油勘探,2015,20(5):9-19.Fu Jinhua,Yu Jian,Xu Liming,et al. New progress in exploration and development of tight oil in Ordos Basin and main controlling factors of large-scale enrichment and exploitable capacity[J]. China Petroleum Exploration,2015,20(5):9-19.
[15]付金华,罗顺社,牛小兵,等.鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区长7段沟道型重力流沉积特征研究[J].矿物岩石地球化学学报,2015,34(1):29-37.Fu Jinhua,Luo Shunshe,Niu Xiaobing,et al. Sedimentary characteristics of channel type gravity flow of the member 7 of Yanchang Formation in the longdong area,Ordos Basin[J]. Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,2015,34(1):29-37.
[16]杨华,李士祥,刘显阳.鄂尔多斯盆地致密油、页岩油特征及资源潜力[J].石油学报,2013,34(1):1-10.Yang Hua,Li Shixiang,Liu Xianyang. Characteristics and resource prospects of tight oil and shale oil in Ordos Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(1):1-10.
[17]梁晓伟,郝炳英,杨孝,等.鄂尔多斯盆地致密油水平井体积压裂试验区开发特征分析[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2017,47(2):259-264.Liang Xiaowei,Hao Bingying,Yang Xiao,et al. The characteristics of tight oil development by horizontal well with domain stimulation in the pilot test in Ordos Basin[J]. Journal of North west University(Natural Science edition),2017,47(2):259-264.
[18]牛小兵,冯胜斌,尤源,等.鄂尔多斯盆地致密油地质研究与试验攻关实践体会[J].石油科技论坛,2016,4:38-45.Niu Xiaobing,Feng Shengbin,You Yuan,et al. Geological study and pilot test of tight oil in Ordos Basin[J]. Oil Forum,2016,4:38-45.
[19]韩永林,刘军锋,余永进,等.致密油藏储层驱替特征及开发效果———以鄂尔多斯盆地上里塬地区延长组长7油层组为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(2):207-211.Han Yonglin,Liu Junfeng,Yu Yongjin,et al. Displacement characteristics and development effect of tight oil rerservoir:a case from Chang7oil layer of the Yanchang formation in Shangliyuan area,Ordos Basin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(2):207-211.
[20]白晓虎,齐银,陆红军,等.鄂尔多斯盆地致密油水平井体积压裂优化设计[J].石油钻采工艺,2015,37(4):83-88.Bai Xiaohu,Qiyin,Lu Hongjun,et al. Optimization design for volume fracturing of horizontal wells in tight oil reservoir of Ordos Basin[J].Oil Drilling&Production technology,2015,37(4):83-88.
[21]王仲茂,胡江明.水力压裂形成裂缝形态的研究[J].石油勘探与开发,1994,21(6):66-69.Wang Zhongmao,Hu Jiangming. A study on the fracture types induced by hydrofracturing[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,1994,21(6):66-69.
[2]李宪文,张矿生,樊凤玲,等.鄂尔多斯盆地低压致密油层体积压裂探索研究及试验[J].石油天然气学报,2013,35(3):142-147.Li Xianwen,Zhang Kuangsheng,Fan Fengling,et al. Study and experiment on volumetric fracturing in low pressure tight formation of Ordos Basin[J]. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2013,35(3):142-147.
[3]赵金洲,任岚,沈骋,等.页岩气储层缝网压裂理论与技术研究新进展[J].天然气工业,2018,38(3):1-13.Zhao Jinzhou,Ren Lan,Shen Cheng,et al. Latest research progresses in network fracturing theories and technologies for shale gas reservoirs[J]. Natural Gas Industry,2018,38(3):1-13.
[4]陈作,薛承瑾,蒋廷学,等.页岩气井体积压裂技术在我国的应用建议[J].天然气工业,2010,30(10):30-32.Chen Zuo,Xue Chengjin,Jiang Tingxue,et al. Proposals for the application of fracturing by stimulated reservoir volume(SRV)in shale gas wells in China[J]. Natural Gas Industry,2010,30(10):30-32.
[5]傅成玉.非常规油气资源勘探开发[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2015.Fu Chengyu. Exploration and development for unconventional hydrocarbons[M]. Beijing:China Petrochemical Press,2015.
[6] Mayerhofer M J,Lolon E P,Warpingski N R,et al. What is stimulated Reservoir volume(SRV)[R]. SPE 119890,2008.
[7] Rickman R,Mullen M,Peter E,et al. A Practical use of shale petrophysics for stimulation design optimization:All shale plays are not clones of the Barnett[R]. SPE 115258,2008.
[8]商校森,丁云宏,卢拥军,等.一种页岩体积压裂复杂裂缝的量化表征[J].石油与天然气地质,2017,38(1):189-195.Shang Xiaosen,Ding Yunhong,Lu Yongjun,et al. Quantitative characterization of complex fractures after volume fracturing in shale[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2017,38(1):189-195.
[9]杜保健,程林松,曹仁义,等.致密油藏体积压裂水平井开发效果[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2014,33(1):96-102.Du Baojian,Cheng Linsong,Cao Renyi,et al. Development effects of the volumetric fracturing horizontal well in tight oil reservoirs[J].Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing,2014,33(1):96-102.
[10]张士诚,郭天魁,周彤,等.天然页岩压裂裂缝扩展机理试验[J].石油学报,2014,35(3):496-503.Zhang shicheng,Guo Tiankui,Zhou Tong,et al. Fracture propagation mechanism experiment of hydraulic fracturing in natural shale[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(3):496-503.
[11]付金华.鄂尔多斯盆地致密油勘探理论与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2018.Fu Jinhua. Exploration theory and technology of tight oil in Ordos Basin[M]. Beijing:China Science Press,2018.
[12]杨华,梁晓伟,牛小兵,冯胜斌,尤源.陆相致密油形成地质条件及富集主控因素———以鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7段为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2017,44(1):12-20.Yang Hua,Liang Xiaowei,Niu Xiaobing,et al. Geological conditions for continental tight oil formation and the main controlling factors for the enrichment:A case of Chang7 Member tight oil,Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation,Ordos Basin,NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(1):12-20.
[13]杨华,牛小兵,罗顺社,等.鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区长7段致密砂体重力流沉积模拟实验研究[J].地学前缘,2015,(3):322-332.Yang Hua,Niu Xiaobing,Luo Shunshe,et al. Research of simulated experiment on gravity flow deposits of tight sand bodies of Chang7formation in Longdong area,Ordos Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,2015,(3):322-332.
[14]付金华,喻建,徐黎明,等.鄂尔多斯盆地致密油勘探开发新进展及规模富集可开发主控因素[J].中国石油勘探,2015,20(5):9-19.Fu Jinhua,Yu Jian,Xu Liming,et al. New progress in exploration and development of tight oil in Ordos Basin and main controlling factors of large-scale enrichment and exploitable capacity[J]. China Petroleum Exploration,2015,20(5):9-19.
[15]付金华,罗顺社,牛小兵,等.鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区长7段沟道型重力流沉积特征研究[J].矿物岩石地球化学学报,2015,34(1):29-37.Fu Jinhua,Luo Shunshe,Niu Xiaobing,et al. Sedimentary characteristics of channel type gravity flow of the member 7 of Yanchang Formation in the longdong area,Ordos Basin[J]. Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,2015,34(1):29-37.
[16]杨华,李士祥,刘显阳.鄂尔多斯盆地致密油、页岩油特征及资源潜力[J].石油学报,2013,34(1):1-10.Yang Hua,Li Shixiang,Liu Xianyang. Characteristics and resource prospects of tight oil and shale oil in Ordos Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(1):1-10.
[17]梁晓伟,郝炳英,杨孝,等.鄂尔多斯盆地致密油水平井体积压裂试验区开发特征分析[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2017,47(2):259-264.Liang Xiaowei,Hao Bingying,Yang Xiao,et al. The characteristics of tight oil development by horizontal well with domain stimulation in the pilot test in Ordos Basin[J]. Journal of North west University(Natural Science edition),2017,47(2):259-264.
[18]牛小兵,冯胜斌,尤源,等.鄂尔多斯盆地致密油地质研究与试验攻关实践体会[J].石油科技论坛,2016,4:38-45.Niu Xiaobing,Feng Shengbin,You Yuan,et al. Geological study and pilot test of tight oil in Ordos Basin[J]. Oil Forum,2016,4:38-45.
[19]韩永林,刘军锋,余永进,等.致密油藏储层驱替特征及开发效果———以鄂尔多斯盆地上里塬地区延长组长7油层组为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(2):207-211.Han Yonglin,Liu Junfeng,Yu Yongjin,et al. Displacement characteristics and development effect of tight oil rerservoir:a case from Chang7oil layer of the Yanchang formation in Shangliyuan area,Ordos Basin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(2):207-211.
[20]白晓虎,齐银,陆红军,等.鄂尔多斯盆地致密油水平井体积压裂优化设计[J].石油钻采工艺,2015,37(4):83-88.Bai Xiaohu,Qiyin,Lu Hongjun,et al. Optimization design for volume fracturing of horizontal wells in tight oil reservoir of Ordos Basin[J].Oil Drilling&Production technology,2015,37(4):83-88.
[21]王仲茂,胡江明.水力压裂形成裂缝形态的研究[J].石油勘探与开发,1994,21(6):66-69.Wang Zhongmao,Hu Jiangming. A study on the fracture types induced by hydrofracturing[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,1994,21(6):66-69.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |